低压纳滤膜用于微污染地表水深度处理的中试研究
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摘要
采用低压纳滤中试装置深度处理微污染地表水源水。探讨了其中纳滤膜的截留性能和膜污染情况。中试结果表明DF30纳滤膜呈现出高天然有机物截留特性,同时保留部分对人体有益的钙镁离子。TOC、硫酸根、电导率和硬度平均去除率分别为94%、87%、27%和43%。纳滤膜对微量有机物平均去除率为65%。膜表征的结果表明膜污染的主要污染物为多糖和蛋白质。污染层ATP含量为20.3ng/cm~2,表明存在中等程度的生物污染。在碱性条件下采用EDTA+SDS的清洗方式能将膜通量恢复至初始通量的90%,有效减缓膜污染。纳滤运行成本约为0.36元/m~3,具有良好的经济性。
A pilot-scale nanofiltration device was used to treat a micro-polluted surface water.The separation performance and membrane fouling were investigated.The nanofiltration membranes show high natural organic matter(NOM)rejection performance while retaining moderate content of calcium and magnesium ions which are beneficial to the human body.The average rejections of TOC,sulfate,conductivity and hardness during the four-month operation are 94%,87%,27% and 43%,respectively.In addition,nanofiltration membrane shows good trace organics rejection with an average of 65%.Membrane fouling is dominated by organic deposits,primarily polysaccharides and proteins,according to the autopsy results.The ATP concentration in the fouling deposits of nanofiltration membrane is 20.3 ng/cm~2 which revealed the existence of biofouling.Membrane cleaning by EDTA+SDS under alkaline conditions restore membrane flux to 90% of initial flux,effectively relieving membrane fouling.The operation cost of nanofiltration is 0.36 RMB/m~3.
A pilot-scale nanofiltration device was used to treat a micro-polluted surface water.The separation performance and membrane fouling were investigated.The nanofiltration membranes show high natural organic matter(NOM)rejection performance while retaining moderate content of calcium and magnesium ions which are beneficial to the human body.The average rejections of TOC,sulfate,conductivity and hardness during the four-month operation are 94%,87%,27% and 43%,respectively.In addition,nanofiltration membrane shows good trace organics rejection with an average of 65%.Membrane fouling is dominated by organic deposits,primarily polysaccharides and proteins,according to the autopsy results.The ATP concentration in the fouling deposits of nanofiltration membrane is 20.3 ng/cm~2 which revealed the existence of biofouling.Membrane cleaning by EDTA+SDS under alkaline conditions restore membrane flux to 90% of initial flux,effectively relieving membrane fouling.The operation cost of nanofiltration is 0.36 RMB/m~3.
引文
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[24]Li Q,Elimelech M.Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes:measurements and mechanisms[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(17):4683-4693.
[25]Ang W S,Lee S,Elimelech M.Chemical and physical aspects of cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2006,272(1-2):198-210.
[2]Lopes M P,Matos C T,Pereira V J,et al.Production of drinking water using a multi-barrier approach integrating nanofiltration:A pilot scale study[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2013,119:112-122.
[3]Pang W,Gao N,Xia S.Removal of DDT in drinking water using nanofiltration process[J].Desalination,2010,250(2):553-556.
[4]Sanches S,Penetra A,Rodrigues A,et al.Nanofiltration of hormones and pesticides in different real drinking water sources[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,94:44-53.
[5]吴玉超,兰亚琼,陈吕军,等.纳滤工艺处理微污染原水的中试[J].净水技术,2018,37(11):65-68.
[6]Bellona C,Drewes J E,Xu P,et al.Factors affecting the rejection of organic solutes during NF/RO treatment-a literature review[J].Water research,2004,38(12):2795-809.
[7]张平允,殷一辰,周文琪,等.纳滤膜技术在饮用水深度处理中的应用现状[J].净水技术,2017,36(10):23-24.
[8]Saitua H,Gil R,Padilla A P.Experimental investigation on arsenic removal with a nanofiltration pilot plant from naturally contaminated groundwater[J].Desalination,2011,274(1-3):1-6.
[9]朱学武,党敏,甘振东,等.超滤-纳滤双膜工艺深度处理南四湖水中试研究[J].给水排水,2018,44(3):28-32.
[10]Al-Amoudi A S,Farooque A M.Performance restoration and autopsy of NF membranes used in seawater pretreatment[J].Desalination,2005,178(1-3):261-271.
[11]Xu P,Bellona C,Drewes J E.Fouling of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes during municipal wastewater reclamation:Membrane autopsy results from pilot-scale investigations[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,353(1-2):111-121.
[12]Holm-Hansen O,Booth C R.Measurement of adenosinetriphosphate in the ocean and its ecological significance.Limnology and Oceanography,1966,(11):510-519.
[13]Gerhardt P,Murray R G E,Wood W A,et al.Methods for general and molecular bacteriology[M].Washington,DC:A-merican Society for Microbiology,1994.
[14]Frolund B,Griebe T,Nielsen P H.Enzymatic-activity in the activatedsludge floc matrix[J].Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.1995,43:755-761.
[15]王智,夏建中,王小毛.纳滤膜截留特性与膜基本特征之间关系的研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(5):1843-1850.
[16]Her N,Amy G,Plottu-Pecheux A,et al.Identification of nanofiltration membrane foulants[J].Water research,2007,41(17):3936-3947.
[17]Beyer F,Rietman B M,Zwijnenburg A,et al.Long-term performance and fouling analysis of full-scale direct nanofiltration(NF)installations treating anoxic groundwater[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,468:339-348.
[18]Jeong S,Naidu G,Vollprecht R,et al.In-depth analyses of organic matters in a full-scale seawater desalination plant and an autopsy of reverse osmosis membrane[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2016,162:171-179.
[19]Khan M T,Busch M,Molina V G,et al.How different is the composition of the fouling layer of wastewater reuse and seawater desalination RO membranes?[J].Water research,2014,59:271-282.
[20]Vrouwenvelder J S,Manolarakis S A,van der Hoek J P,et al.Quantitative biofouling diagnosis in full scale nanofiltration and reverse osmosis installations[J].Water research,2008,42(19):4856-4868.
[21]Weinrich L,LeChevallier M,Haas C N.Contribution of assimilable organic carbon to biological fouling in seawater reverse osmosis membrane treatment[J].Water research,2016,101:203-213.
[22]Ventresque C,Valérie Gisclon,Bablon G,et al.An outstanding feat of modern technology:the Mery-sur-Oise Nanofiltration Treatment Plant(340,000m(3)/d)[J].Desalination,2000,131(1):1-16.
[23]Al-Amoudi A,Lovitt R W.Fouling strategies and the cleaning system of NF membranes and factors affecting cleaning efficiency[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2007,303(1-2):4-28.
[24]Li Q,Elimelech M.Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes:measurements and mechanisms[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(17):4683-4693.
[25]Ang W S,Lee S,Elimelech M.Chemical and physical aspects of cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2006,272(1-2):198-210.