蒸气云爆炸引发的平台结构动力响应
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摘要
针对油田天然气泄漏可能引发的海面气云爆炸,研究外部爆炸形式对平台结构的冲击作用。对蒸气云采用TNT当量法进行量化,利用AUTODYN有限元软件对数值计算和经验公式两种方式进行对比,得到一定距离的爆炸超压曲线和峰值。提出气体爆炸凹四边形模型,对气体爆炸超压时程曲线进行等效简化拟合。运用超压峰值和凹四边形超压时程曲线等效替代气体爆炸载荷,采用有限元软件ABAQUS计算导管架平台在多种爆炸载荷工况下的动力响应,并分别对气体质量、爆心距离、爆炸作用方向等敏感性因素进行分析,进一步提出气体爆炸灾害的预防和控制措施。
Natural gas leakage from oilfields may cause sea surface vapor cloud explosion.The impact of the external explosion form on nearby platform structure is studied.The vapor cloud is quantified by TNT equivalent method.The numerical calculations by finite element software AUTODYN and empirical formulas are compared,and the explosive overpressure curve and peak value at a distance are obtained.The gas explosion overpressure curve is fitted equivalently and the gas explosion concave quadrilateral model is presented.It is proposed that the combination of TNT equivalent method and simplified overpressure curve is the method to alternative steam cloud explosion.The finite element software ABAQUS is used to calculate the dynamic response of the jacket platform under various explosion load conditions,and the sensitivity factors such as gas quality,explosive center distance and explosion direction are analyzed.The prevention and control measures of gas explosion disaster are proposed finally.
Natural gas leakage from oilfields may cause sea surface vapor cloud explosion.The impact of the external explosion form on nearby platform structure is studied.The vapor cloud is quantified by TNT equivalent method.The numerical calculations by finite element software AUTODYN and empirical formulas are compared,and the explosive overpressure curve and peak value at a distance are obtained.The gas explosion overpressure curve is fitted equivalently and the gas explosion concave quadrilateral model is presented.It is proposed that the combination of TNT equivalent method and simplified overpressure curve is the method to alternative steam cloud explosion.The finite element software ABAQUS is used to calculate the dynamic response of the jacket platform under various explosion load conditions,and the sensitivity factors such as gas quality,explosive center distance and explosion direction are analyzed.The prevention and control measures of gas explosion disaster are proposed finally.
引文
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[3]朱锟.海洋平台爆炸事故风险分析与防护对策研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2011.
[4]韩圣章,胡云昌.海洋平台气体泄漏爆炸对结构的作用分析[J].天津大学学报,2001,34(04):443-446.
[5]曲海富.海洋工程防爆墙结构有限元分析[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[6]赵衡阳.气体和粉尘爆炸原理[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996.
[7]邵卫.开敞空间可燃气云爆炸研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2002.
[8]毕小敏.爆炸与冲击的仿真研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2010.
[9]李生娟,毕明树,丁信伟.可燃气云爆炸的试验研究现状及发展趋势[J].化学工业与工程,2003,20(03):167-170,184.
[10]陈文瑛.可燃气云爆炸研究进展[C]//中国职业安全健康协会2008年学术年会论文集.2008.
[11]周听清.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[12]HENRYCH J.The Dynamics of Explosion and its Use[M].New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979.
[13]胡瑞华.近海钢质桩基平台[M].北京:海洋出版社,1989.
[14]徐厚生,赵双其.防火防爆[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.