基于岩石物理模型的页岩气储层横波速度估算方法
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摘要
页岩的微观结构相对于常规储层更加复杂,目前大多数应用于估算横波速度的岩石物理模型仅适用于各向同性岩石。考虑页岩储层中黏土颗粒的定向分布和水平缝引起的各向异性,综合自相容近似(SCA)、微分等效介质模型(DEM)、Backus平均和Brown-Korringa方程,构建了一种适用于页岩的各向异性模型;然后将矿物组分、孔隙度和孔隙纵横比等代入到所建立的各向异性模型中,即可获得相应的横波速度。将广泛应用的各向同性模型(Kuster-Toks9z理论,SCA,Xu-White模型)和构建的页岩的各向异性岩石物理模型应用于实际页岩工区的岩心和测井数据的速度估算。计算结果表明,利用构建的各向异性岩石物理模型估算页岩的横波速度与实测数据吻合得很好,与各向同性有效介质模型相比具有更高的精度。
The microstructure of shale is more complex than conventional reservoir,while most of rock physics models for estimating P-wave and S-wave velocity are only suited to isotropic rocks at present. In consideration of the preferred orientations of clay particles and bedding parallel cracks,an anisotropic rock physics model was presented,combining the self-consistent approximation( SCA),the differential effective medium( DEM),the Backus average and the Brown-Korringa equation,and then S-wave velocity could be obtained by substituting the mineral content,porosity and pore aspect ratio into the constructed rock model. Three widely used isotropic models( Kuster-Toks?z theory,SCA and Xu-White model) and the constructed rock physics model are used to calculate Pwave and S-wave velocity of core samples and well data for the practical shale area. It is illustrated that is P-wave and S-wave velocity calculated by the constructed rock physics model are in good agreement with the measured data,with higher predicted accuracy than the isotropic models.
The microstructure of shale is more complex than conventional reservoir,while most of rock physics models for estimating P-wave and S-wave velocity are only suited to isotropic rocks at present. In consideration of the preferred orientations of clay particles and bedding parallel cracks,an anisotropic rock physics model was presented,combining the self-consistent approximation( SCA),the differential effective medium( DEM),the Backus average and the Brown-Korringa equation,and then S-wave velocity could be obtained by substituting the mineral content,porosity and pore aspect ratio into the constructed rock model. Three widely used isotropic models( Kuster-Toks?z theory,SCA and Xu-White model) and the constructed rock physics model are used to calculate Pwave and S-wave velocity of core samples and well data for the practical shale area. It is illustrated that is P-wave and S-wave velocity calculated by the constructed rock physics model are in good agreement with the measured data,with higher predicted accuracy than the isotropic models.
引文
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17 Gary M,Tapan M,Jack D.The rock physics handbook[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1975:608-616
18黄誉,李治平.川南地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩储层微观储集空间特征[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(19):195-202Huang Yu,Li Zhiping.The microscopic reservoir characterization of Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in the Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(19):195-202
19谢非,丁文龙,尹帅.陆相泥页岩储层岩石物理性质及含气性影响因素[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):20-28Xie Fei,Ding Wenlong,Yin Shuai.Petrophysical properties of continental shale reservoir and the influence factors of its gas contents[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(5):20-28
20邓继新,王欢,周浩,等.龙马溪组页岩微观结构、地震岩石物理特征与建模[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2123-2136Deng Jixin,Wang Huan,Zhou Hao,et al.Microtexture,seismic rock physical properties and modeling of Longmaxi Formation shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2123-2136
2 Kuster G T,Toks9z M N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media[J].Geophysics,1974,39:587-618
3 Berryman J G.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,68(6):1809-1819
4 Xu S,White R E.A physical model for shear-wave velocity prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(4):687-717
5 Raymer L L,Hunt E R,Gardner J S.An improved sonic transit time-to-porosity transform[C]//Trans Soc Prof Well Log Analysts,21st Annual Logging Symposium.Houston:SPWLA:1980:1-12
6 Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50:571-581
7胡起,陈小宏,李景叶.基于各向异性岩石物理模型的页岩气储层横波速度预测[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):254-261Hu Qi,Chen Xiaohong,Li Jingye.Shear wave velocity prediction for shale gas reservoirs based on anisotropic rock physics model[J].Geophyscial Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):254-261
8董宁,霍志周,孙赞东,等.泥页岩岩石物理建模研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(6):1990-1998Dong Ning,Huo Zhizhou,Sun Zandong,et al.An investigation of a new rock physics model for shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(6):1990-1998
9 Kaarsberg E A.Introductory studies of natural and artificial argillaceous aggregates by sound propagation and X-ray diffraction methods[J].Journal of Geology,1959,67:447-472
10 Johnston J E,Christensen N I.Seismic anisotropy of shales[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100:5991-6003
11 Backus G E.Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67:4427-4440
12 Brown R,Korringa J.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid[J].Geophysics,1975,40:608-616
13 Budiansky B.On the elastic moduli of some heterogeneous materials[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1965,13:223-227
14 Hill R.A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1965,13:213-222
15 Berryman J G.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,68(6):1809-1831
16 Berryman J G.Single-scattering approximations for coefficients in Biot’s equations of poroelasticity[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1992,91:551-571
17 Gary M,Tapan M,Jack D.The rock physics handbook[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1975:608-616
18黄誉,李治平.川南地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩储层微观储集空间特征[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(19):195-202Huang Yu,Li Zhiping.The microscopic reservoir characterization of Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in the Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(19):195-202
19谢非,丁文龙,尹帅.陆相泥页岩储层岩石物理性质及含气性影响因素[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):20-28Xie Fei,Ding Wenlong,Yin Shuai.Petrophysical properties of continental shale reservoir and the influence factors of its gas contents[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(5):20-28
20邓继新,王欢,周浩,等.龙马溪组页岩微观结构、地震岩石物理特征与建模[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2123-2136Deng Jixin,Wang Huan,Zhou Hao,et al.Microtexture,seismic rock physical properties and modeling of Longmaxi Formation shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2123-2136