不同品种榧树种仁氨基酸组成分析及营养评价
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摘要
[目的]明确不同品种榧树种仁的氨基酸组分和营养品质。[方法]以6个主栽榧树品种为研究对象,分析种仁不同种类氨基酸组分的含量并进行营养评价。[结果]榧树种仁含有17种常见氨基酸,包含人体必需的7种氨基酸,不同品种的总氨基酸及氨基酸组分含量不同。各品种种仁氨基酸含量从高到低依次为东榧2号、丁山榧、东榧3号、龙凤细榧、东榧1号、朱岩榧;氨基酸组分中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的含量最高,变异系数较低,人体必需氨基酸(E)与氨基酸(T)的比值为0.39,人体必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值(E/N)为0.64,符合WHO/FAO推荐必需氨基酸组成比例标准;人体必需氨基酸(E)、儿童必需氨基酸(CE)、味觉类氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量间存在显著正相关关系。[结论]总氨基酸含量可作为氨基酸组分特征的代表性指标对不同品种榧树种仁的营养品质进行评价。
[Objective]To clarify the amino acids components and nutrition quality of different Torreya grandis Varieties. [Method]The fully ripen seeds from six Torreya grandis varieties were selected to measure the amino acids components content and evaluate the nutrition quality.[Result]The results showed that the kernel of Torreya grandis contained 17 common amino acids,including 7 human body essential amino acids. The content of amino acids components was different among different varieties and the amino acids content in kernel from high to low was order Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 2',Torreya grandis‘Ding shan',Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 3',Torreya grandis‘Long feng',Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 1',Torreya grandis‘Zhu yan'. The content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid was the highest and lower coefficient of variation was found among different varieties. The ratio of essential amino acids content to total amino acids content was 0. 39 and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 0. 64,which was close to the recommended level of WHO/FAO. In addition,the content of essential amino acids,children essential amino acids and flavor amino acids was significantly positive correlated with the total amino acids.[Conclusion]The total amino acid content can be used as a representative index of amino acid composition characteristics to evaluate the nutritional quality of different varieties.
[Objective]To clarify the amino acids components and nutrition quality of different Torreya grandis Varieties. [Method]The fully ripen seeds from six Torreya grandis varieties were selected to measure the amino acids components content and evaluate the nutrition quality.[Result]The results showed that the kernel of Torreya grandis contained 17 common amino acids,including 7 human body essential amino acids. The content of amino acids components was different among different varieties and the amino acids content in kernel from high to low was order Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 2',Torreya grandis‘Ding shan',Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 3',Torreya grandis‘Long feng',Torreya grandis‘Dong No. 1',Torreya grandis‘Zhu yan'. The content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid was the highest and lower coefficient of variation was found among different varieties. The ratio of essential amino acids content to total amino acids content was 0. 39 and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 0. 64,which was close to the recommended level of WHO/FAO. In addition,the content of essential amino acids,children essential amino acids and flavor amino acids was significantly positive correlated with the total amino acids.[Conclusion]The total amino acid content can be used as a representative index of amino acid composition characteristics to evaluate the nutritional quality of different varieties.
引文
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[12]YU M,ZENG M M,QIN F,et al.Physicochemical and functional properties of protein extracts from Torreya grandis seeds[J].Food chemistry,2017,227:453-460.
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[15]姜帆,陈秀萍,胡文舜,等.32份龙眼种质资源花氨基酸的分析评价[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(1):26-32.
[16]杜丽清,曾辉,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果果仁氨基酸含量的差异性分析[J].经济林研究,2008,26(4):49-52.
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[18]胡晓航,吴玉梅,王皙玮.不同品种(系)甜菜氨基酸主成分分析与营养综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):69-75.
[19]张丽梅,陈菁瑛,黄玉吉,等.山药品种间氨基酸含量的差异性研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2008,30(2):12-15.
[20]钟惠民,袁瑾,辛宝玲,等.黄山药中氨基酸及营养成分[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2002,24(4):15-16.
[2]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,等.香榧种子成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544.
[3]李红,张露,刘延奇,等.香榧子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(5):65-69.
[4]于美,张川,曾茂茂,等.香榧坚果中油脂和蛋白质的研究进展[J].食品科学,2016,37(17):252-256.
[5]徐超,王鸿飞,邵兴锋,等.香榧子油抗氧化活性及降血脂功能研究[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(8):43-47.
[6]李兴飞,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.香榧坚果生物活性成分与抗氧化研究进展[J].食品科学,2012,33(7):341-345.
[7]YU Y J,NI S,WU F,et al.Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Torreya grandis cv.merrillii Arils[J].Journal of essential oil bearing plants,2016,19(5):1170-1180.
[8]HE Z Y,ZHU H D,LI W L,et al.Chemical components of cold pressed kernel oils from different Torreya grandis cultivars[J].Food chemistry,2016,209:196-202.
[9]牛丽影,吴晓琴,张英.香榧籽油的脂肪酸及不皂化物组成分析[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(6):52-55.
[10]SAEED M K,DENG Y L,PARVEEN Z,et al.Studies on the chemical constituents of Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl[J].Journal of applied sciences,2007,7(2):269-273.
[11]王焕弟.香榧子化学成分,抗氧化活性及可溶性蛋白研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008:41-49.
[12]YU M,ZENG M M,QIN F,et al.Physicochemical and functional properties of protein extracts from Torreya grandis seeds[J].Food chemistry,2017,227:453-460.
[13]谢磊.香榧中蛋白氨基酸成分分析[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(3):106-107.
[14]FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements.FAO nutrition meeting report series[R].Roma:FAO,1973:52-63.
[15]姜帆,陈秀萍,胡文舜,等.32份龙眼种质资源花氨基酸的分析评价[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(1):26-32.
[16]杜丽清,曾辉,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果果仁氨基酸含量的差异性分析[J].经济林研究,2008,26(4):49-52.
[17]张泽煌,钟秋珍,林旗华.杨梅果实氨基酸组成及营养评价[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(12):2279-2283.
[18]胡晓航,吴玉梅,王皙玮.不同品种(系)甜菜氨基酸主成分分析与营养综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):69-75.
[19]张丽梅,陈菁瑛,黄玉吉,等.山药品种间氨基酸含量的差异性研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2008,30(2):12-15.
[20]钟惠民,袁瑾,辛宝玲,等.黄山药中氨基酸及营养成分[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2002,24(4):15-16.