基于SPOT-VGT数据的湖南省植被变化及其对气候变化的响应
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摘要
【目的】本文旨在研究湖南省植被变化及其对气候变化的响应,以期为湖南省生态保护提供科学指导依据。【方法】利用2000—2015年SPOT-VGT NDVI、植被类型以及气象数据,辅以最小二乘趋势分析和相关性分析,探讨了湖南省植被生长变化特征并从年和月变化尺度分析了不同类型植被对气候变化的响应。【结果】(1)近16年湖南省大部分地区植被NDVI呈增加趋势,但空间分布差异较大,NDVI高值区在湘西北和湘西南,而湘中及湘北植被覆盖较差;(2) 2000—2015年湖南省植被NDVI增幅为0. 004 5/a,灌丛NDVI增加趋势最大,达0. 005 1/a,而沼泽最小,仅为0. 002 6/a;(3)湖南省植被NDVI与气温、降水正负相关共存,与气温的相关性较好。从不同类型植被来看,各类型植被NDVI与气温呈正相关的面积占绝大部分,灌丛和针叶林NDVI与降水呈正相关的面积较大,而草丛、草甸和沼泽NDVI与降水呈负相关的面积较大,阔叶林和栽培植被与降水呈正负相关的面积约各占一半;(4)时滞性分析表明,植被对降水的响应存在2个月滞后,且7月NDVI与6月降水、9月NDVI与同期降水的相关性显著,但逐月NDVI与前0～3个月气温的相关性均不显著。【结论】近16年湖南省植被覆盖呈增加态势,但空间分布差异较大;不同类型植被对气候要素变化响应也各异。
[Objective]In this paper,the vegetation change and its response to climate change in Hunan Province of southern China was studied in order to provide a scientific guidance for ecological protection in Hunan Province. [Method]Based on the SPOT-VGT NDVI,vegetation types and meteorological data from 2000 to 2015,combined with the least squares trend analysis and correlation analysis,this paper discusses the characteristics of vegetation growth change in Hunan Province and analyzes the response of different vegetations to climate change from different time scales respectively. [Result] The results showed that:( 1) in recent 16 years,vegetation NDVI in most areas of Hunan Province showed an increasing trend,but the spatial distribution was quite different. The large value of NDVI was found in the northwest and southwest of Hunan Province,while the vegetation cover in the middle and north of Hunan Province was poor.( 2) From 2000 to 2015,the growth rate of NDVI in Hunan Province reached0. 004 5/year and the brush reached 0. 005 1/year,while swamp showed the smallest increase trend,only 0. 002 6/year.( 3) The positive and negative correlations between NDVI and temperature and precipitation is coexisting,and the correlation between NDVI and temperature was better. According to different types of vegetation,the area of positive correlation between NDVI and temperature was the most,the area of positive correlation between NDVI and precipitation was larger in shrub and coniferous forest,while the area of grass,meadow and swamp NDVI was negative correlated with precipitation. The area with positive or negative correlation between broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation and precipitation was about half of each area.( 4) The time lag analysis showed that the vegetation response to rainfall had two-month lag,and the correlation between July NDVI and June rainfall,September NDVI and the rainfall in the same period was significant,but the correlation between monthly NDVI and the temperature in the first 0-3 months was not significant. [Conclusion] In recent 16 years,the vegetation cover in Hunan Province has been increasing, but the spatial distribution is quite different and different vegetations have different degrees of responses to climate change.
[Objective]In this paper,the vegetation change and its response to climate change in Hunan Province of southern China was studied in order to provide a scientific guidance for ecological protection in Hunan Province. [Method]Based on the SPOT-VGT NDVI,vegetation types and meteorological data from 2000 to 2015,combined with the least squares trend analysis and correlation analysis,this paper discusses the characteristics of vegetation growth change in Hunan Province and analyzes the response of different vegetations to climate change from different time scales respectively. [Result] The results showed that:( 1) in recent 16 years,vegetation NDVI in most areas of Hunan Province showed an increasing trend,but the spatial distribution was quite different. The large value of NDVI was found in the northwest and southwest of Hunan Province,while the vegetation cover in the middle and north of Hunan Province was poor.( 2) From 2000 to 2015,the growth rate of NDVI in Hunan Province reached0. 004 5/year and the brush reached 0. 005 1/year,while swamp showed the smallest increase trend,only 0. 002 6/year.( 3) The positive and negative correlations between NDVI and temperature and precipitation is coexisting,and the correlation between NDVI and temperature was better. According to different types of vegetation,the area of positive correlation between NDVI and temperature was the most,the area of positive correlation between NDVI and precipitation was larger in shrub and coniferous forest,while the area of grass,meadow and swamp NDVI was negative correlated with precipitation. The area with positive or negative correlation between broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation and precipitation was about half of each area.( 4) The time lag analysis showed that the vegetation response to rainfall had two-month lag,and the correlation between July NDVI and June rainfall,September NDVI and the rainfall in the same period was significant,but the correlation between monthly NDVI and the temperature in the first 0-3 months was not significant. [Conclusion] In recent 16 years,the vegetation cover in Hunan Province has been increasing, but the spatial distribution is quite different and different vegetations have different degrees of responses to climate change.
引文
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[15]张克荣,刘应迪,谭淑端,等.湖南岳麓山植被演替趋势[J].生命科学研究,2009,13(4):313--319.Zhang K R,Liu Y D,Tan S D,et al. Vegetation succession trend in Yuelu Mountain,Hunan,China[J]. Life Science Research,2009,13(4):313-319.
[16]黄发松,王延春.湘、鄂、赣发展晚粳稻生产的条件与建议[J].中国稻米,2010,16(6):67-68.Huang F S,Wang Y C. Conditions and suggestions for the development of late Japonica rice production in Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi[J]. China Rice,2010,16(6):67-68.
[17]尹乐.湖南降水集中度变化特征分析[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2015.Yin L. Analysis of preciptitation concentration degree changes in Hunan Province[D]. Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2015.
[18]祁承经.湖南植被地理分布的基本规律[J].植物分类与资源学报,1984(4):55-68.Qi C J. The fundamental pattern of the geographic distribution of vegetation in Hunan Province[J]. Plant Diversity,1984(4):55-68.
[19]中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会.中国植被图集[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.Editorial Board of Vegetation Map of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences. Vegetation regionalization map of China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[20]中国气象局预测减灾司.中国气象地理区划手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.China Meterological Administration. Handbook of meteorological geography in China[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2006.
[21]陈晓玲,曾永年.亚热带山地丘陵区植被NPP时空变化及其与气候因子的关系:以湖南省为例[J].地理学报,2016,71(1):35--48.Chen X L,Zeng Y N. Spatial and temporal variability of the net primary production(NPP)and its relationship with climate factorsin subtropical mountainous and hilly regions of China:a case study in Hunan Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(1):35-48.
[22]邓伟,袁兴中,刘红,等.区域性气候变化对长江中下游流域植被覆盖的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1032-1042.Deng W,Yuan X Z,Liu H,et al. Influence of regional climate change on vegetation cover in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(9):1032-1042.
[2]张琪,袁秀亮,陈曦,等. 1982—2012年中亚植被变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(1):13--23.Zhang Q,Yuan X L,Chen X,et al. Vegetation change and its response to climate change in Central Asia from 1982 to 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(1):13--23.
[3] Ding M,Zhang Y,Liu L,et al. The relationship between NDVI and precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2007,17(3):259-268.
[4] Ahmad F. Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based time series(2000-2012)for monitoring of vegetation and climate change in North-Eastern Punjab,Pakistan[J]. Global Journal Inc,2012,12(13):37-51.
[5] Pravalie R,Sǐrodoev I,Peptenatu D. Detecting climate change effects on forest ecosystems in Southwestern Romania using Landsat TM NDVI data[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(5):815--832.
[6] Eastman J R,Sangermano F,Machado E A,et al. Global trends in seasonality of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),1982-2011[J]. Remote Sensing,2013,5(10):4799-4818.
[7] Pang G,Wang X,Yang M. Using the NDVI to identify variations in,and responses of,vegetation to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2012[J]. Quaternary International,2016,444:87-96.
[8]范广洲,贾志军.植物物候研究进展[J].干旱气象,2010,28(3):250-255.Fan G Z,Jia Z J. Study advances on plant phenology[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology,2010,28(3):250-255.
[9]刘世梁,赵海迪,董世魁,等.基于SPOT NDVI的阿尔金山自然保护区植被动态变化研究[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):832--837.Liu S L,Zhao H D,Dong S K,et al. Dynamic of vegetation in the altun mountain nature reserve based on spot NDVI[J]. Arid Zone Research,2014,31(5):832-837.
[10]严建武,陈报章,房世峰,等.植被指数对旱灾的响应研究:以中国西南地区2009—2010年特大干旱为例[J].遥感学报,2012,16(4):720--737.Yan J W,Chen B Z,Fang S F,et al. The response of vegetation index to drought:taking the extreme drought disaster between 2009and 2010 in southwest China as an example[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,16(4):720--737.
[11]花立民.玛曲草原植被NDVI与气候和载畜量变化的关系分析[J].草业学报,2012,21(4):224--235.Hua L M. Study the change of NDVI and climate factors and carrying capacity and their correlation in Maqu County,Gamsu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):224--235.
[12]周金霖,马明国,肖青,等.西南地区植被覆盖动态及其与气候因子的关系[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(5):966-972.Zhou J L,Ma G M,Xiao Q,et al. Vegetation dynamics and its relationship with climatic factors in southwestern China[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2017,32(5):966-972.
[13]郭金停,胡远满,熊在平,等.中国东北多年冻土区植被生长季NDVI时空变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2413-2422.Guo J T,Hu Y M,Xiong Z P,et al. Spatiotemporal variations of growing-season NDVI and response to climate change in permafrost zone of Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(8):2413-2422.
[14]曾光明,龙勇,梁婕,等.基于3S技术的东洞庭湖湿地植被的分布与适应性分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(5):86--91.Zeng G M,Long Y,Liang J,et al. The spatial distribution and adaptability analysis of vegetation in East Dongting Lake Wetland based on 3S techniques[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2013,40(5):86-91.
[15]张克荣,刘应迪,谭淑端,等.湖南岳麓山植被演替趋势[J].生命科学研究,2009,13(4):313--319.Zhang K R,Liu Y D,Tan S D,et al. Vegetation succession trend in Yuelu Mountain,Hunan,China[J]. Life Science Research,2009,13(4):313-319.
[16]黄发松,王延春.湘、鄂、赣发展晚粳稻生产的条件与建议[J].中国稻米,2010,16(6):67-68.Huang F S,Wang Y C. Conditions and suggestions for the development of late Japonica rice production in Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi[J]. China Rice,2010,16(6):67-68.
[17]尹乐.湖南降水集中度变化特征分析[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2015.Yin L. Analysis of preciptitation concentration degree changes in Hunan Province[D]. Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2015.
[18]祁承经.湖南植被地理分布的基本规律[J].植物分类与资源学报,1984(4):55-68.Qi C J. The fundamental pattern of the geographic distribution of vegetation in Hunan Province[J]. Plant Diversity,1984(4):55-68.
[19]中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会.中国植被图集[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.Editorial Board of Vegetation Map of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences. Vegetation regionalization map of China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[20]中国气象局预测减灾司.中国气象地理区划手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.China Meterological Administration. Handbook of meteorological geography in China[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2006.
[21]陈晓玲,曾永年.亚热带山地丘陵区植被NPP时空变化及其与气候因子的关系:以湖南省为例[J].地理学报,2016,71(1):35--48.Chen X L,Zeng Y N. Spatial and temporal variability of the net primary production(NPP)and its relationship with climate factorsin subtropical mountainous and hilly regions of China:a case study in Hunan Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(1):35-48.
[22]邓伟,袁兴中,刘红,等.区域性气候变化对长江中下游流域植被覆盖的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1032-1042.Deng W,Yuan X Z,Liu H,et al. Influence of regional climate change on vegetation cover in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(9):1032-1042.