增氧-调亏灌溉对芦笋根系生长的影响
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摘要
为探究增氧-调亏灌溉对芦笋根系生长的影响,以芦笋为对象,采用盆栽试验,在70%～80%轻度水分胁迫下进行不同增氧处理,对其不同生长阶段的根系生长进行观测与分析。结果表明,对芦笋不同生育阶段进行增氧-调亏灌溉,能促进其生长中后期根系发育,并提高其根系活力。与对照相比,幼苗期处理能提高其49.2%的根冠比,幼年期处理能增加27.3%的叶绿素含量和27.3%的根系活力,成株期处理能提高其32.4%的根系活力,在采笋期进行的水分胁迫且增氧能增加芦笋15.16%的株高和15.48%的茎粗;采笋期处理可促进芦笋根系的横向生长,扩大56.8%的总根表面积、19.9%的根平均直径、39.0%的总根体积和39.5%的根尖数。因此,增氧-调亏灌溉的协同作用能够刺激其根系生长,进而促进芦笋的生长发育。
To explore the effects of aeration-regulating deficit irrigation on root growth of Asparagus.The root growth indexes of Asparagus used as the experimental material in pots in different growth stages were observed and analyzed under aeration and mild water stress. The results show that aeration and regulating irrigation at different growth stages can promote Asparagus' root development and improve its root activity in the middle and late stages.The root-shoot ratio of asparagus during the seedling period increased by 49.2% compared with that of the control group(CK);the chlorophyll and root activity of asparagus during the juvenile stage both increased by 27.3%,the root activity of asparagus during the mature stage increased by 32.4%.Aeration and70%-80% water stress during the harvest period could promote the cross growth of asparagus root.Namely,it increased the total root surface area by 15.16%,root mean diameter by 19.9%,root volume by 39% and root tips by 39.5%,respectively.Therefore,the synergistic effects of aeration-regulating deficit irrigation can stimulate the growth of roots,and then promote the growth and development of asparagus.
To explore the effects of aeration-regulating deficit irrigation on root growth of Asparagus.The root growth indexes of Asparagus used as the experimental material in pots in different growth stages were observed and analyzed under aeration and mild water stress. The results show that aeration and regulating irrigation at different growth stages can promote Asparagus' root development and improve its root activity in the middle and late stages.The root-shoot ratio of asparagus during the seedling period increased by 49.2% compared with that of the control group(CK);the chlorophyll and root activity of asparagus during the juvenile stage both increased by 27.3%,the root activity of asparagus during the mature stage increased by 32.4%.Aeration and70%-80% water stress during the harvest period could promote the cross growth of asparagus root.Namely,it increased the total root surface area by 15.16%,root mean diameter by 19.9%,root volume by 39% and root tips by 39.5%,respectively.Therefore,the synergistic effects of aeration-regulating deficit irrigation can stimulate the growth of roots,and then promote the growth and development of asparagus.
引文
[1]黄海霞,韩国君,陈延昭,等.调亏灌溉对绿洲干旱环境下辣椒叶片光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):108-113.Huang H X,Han G J,Chen Y Z,et al.Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics of Capsicum annum in dry oasis environment[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Aeras,2013,31(4):108-113.
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[12]陈瑛,邹颖,杨文,等.不同调亏处理对脐橙果实生长和品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(9):38-42.Chen Y,Zou Y,Yang W,et al.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on navel oranges growth and quality[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2017(9):38-42.
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[14]Ku??u H,Turhan A,Demir A O.The response of processing tomato to deficit irrigation at various phenological stages in a sub-humid environment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,133(2):92-103.
[15]乜兰春,李保会,黄瑞虹,等.中国绿芦笋栽培研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(12):204-208.Nie L C,Li B H,Huang R H,et al.Advance in greeen asparagus cultivaton in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(12):204-208.
[16]李得孝,员海燕,王建辉,等.混合液浸提法测定玉米叶绿素含量的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):117-119.Li D X,Yuan H Y,Wang J H,et al.Mixture solution soaking extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll from maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(1):117-119.
[17]肖卫华,姚帮松,张文萍,等.根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系及根际土壤微生物的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(8):41-43.Xiao W H,Yao B S,Zhang W P,et al.Effects of hybrid rice root and rhizosphere microbes by aeration in root zone[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2016(8):41-43.
[18]饶晓娟,付彦博,黄健,等.增氧灌溉对棉花营养特征及土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(4):797-803.Rao X J,Fu Y B,Huang J,et al.Effects of oxygenated irrigation on nutritional characteristics of cotton and soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(4):797-803.
[19]Peterson J B.Relations of soil air to roots as factors in plant growth.[J].Soil Science,1950,70(3):175-186.
[20]Yuan L,Niu W,Wang J,et al.Effects of artificial soil aeration volume and frequency on soil enzyme activity and microbial abundance when cultivating greenhouse tomato[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2016,80(5):1208.
[21]朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉对番茄植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):199-211.Zhu Y,Cai H J,Song L B,et al.Impacts of oxygation on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):199-211.
[22]肖卫华,张文萍,李子豪,等.不同增氧灌溉对水稻根系生长的影响研究[J].湖南农业科学,2016(2):19-21.Xiao W H,Zhang W P,Li Z H,et al.Effects of different oxygation treatments on rice root growth[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2016(2):19-21.
[23]廖健程,胡德勇,裴毅,等.控制灌溉条件下增氧对超级稻根系生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(9):141-145.Liao J C,Hu D Y,Pei Y,et al.Effects of aeration on root growth and water use efficiency of super rice under controlled irrigation conditions[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Machinery Engineering,2018,36(9):141-145.
[2]Bhattarai S P,Midmore D J,Su N.Sustainable irrigation to balance supply of soil water,oxygen,nutrients and agro-chemicals[M].Biodiversity,Biofuels,Agroforestry and Conservation Agriculture,2010.
[3]Bhattarai S P,Pendergast L,Midmore D J,et al.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):278-288.
[4]谢恒星,吕海波,高志勇,等.加氧灌溉下温室甜瓜生长、品质和产量特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(12):20-24.Xie H X,Lv H B,Gao Z Y,et al.The growth,quality and yield of muskmelon under oxygation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2017,36(12):20-24.
[5]肖卫华,刘强,姚帮松,等.增氧灌溉对杂交水稻分蘖期的影响研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(5):774-780.Xiao W H,Liu Q,Yao B S,et al.Effects of different phosphoric fertilizer application on rice root system in tillering stage under oxygation[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2015,37(5):774-780.
[6]陈新明,Jay D,Surya B,等.加氧灌溉对菠萝根区土壤呼吸和生理特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2010,28(6):543-547.Chen X M,Jay D,Surya B,et al.Impact of oxygation on soil respiration and crop physiological characteristics in pineapple[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2010,6(3):543-547.
[7]Bhattarai S P,Huber S,Midmore D J,et al.Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini,vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2015,144(3):285-298.
[8]Lei H,Bhattarai S,Balsys R,et al.Temporal and spatial dimension of dissolved oxygen saturation with fluidic oscillator and mazzei air injector in soil-less irrigation systems[J].Irrigation Science,2016,34(6):1-10.
[9]Zhu J,Liang J,Xu Z,et al.Root aeration improves growth and nitrogen accumulation in rice seedlings under low nitrogen[J].Aob Plants,2015,7(3):225-228.
[10]Blackman P G,Davies W J,et al.Root to shoot communication in maize plants of the effects of soil drying[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1985,36(162):39-48.
[11]刘静霞,张芮,成自勇,等.不同生育期水分亏缺对酿酒葡萄产量及品质的效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):78-83.Liu J X,Zhang R,Cheng Z Y,et al.Effect research of water deficit in different growth stage on wine grape yield and quality[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Aeras,2016,34(3):78-83.
[12]陈瑛,邹颖,杨文,等.不同调亏处理对脐橙果实生长和品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(9):38-42.Chen Y,Zou Y,Yang W,et al.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on navel oranges growth and quality[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2017(9):38-42.
[13]Ballester C,Castel J,El-Mageed T A A,et al.Long-term response of‘Clementina de Nules’citrus trees to summer regulated deficit irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,138(138):78-84.
[14]Ku??u H,Turhan A,Demir A O.The response of processing tomato to deficit irrigation at various phenological stages in a sub-humid environment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,133(2):92-103.
[15]乜兰春,李保会,黄瑞虹,等.中国绿芦笋栽培研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(12):204-208.Nie L C,Li B H,Huang R H,et al.Advance in greeen asparagus cultivaton in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(12):204-208.
[16]李得孝,员海燕,王建辉,等.混合液浸提法测定玉米叶绿素含量的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):117-119.Li D X,Yuan H Y,Wang J H,et al.Mixture solution soaking extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll from maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(1):117-119.
[17]肖卫华,姚帮松,张文萍,等.根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系及根际土壤微生物的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(8):41-43.Xiao W H,Yao B S,Zhang W P,et al.Effects of hybrid rice root and rhizosphere microbes by aeration in root zone[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2016(8):41-43.
[18]饶晓娟,付彦博,黄健,等.增氧灌溉对棉花营养特征及土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(4):797-803.Rao X J,Fu Y B,Huang J,et al.Effects of oxygenated irrigation on nutritional characteristics of cotton and soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(4):797-803.
[19]Peterson J B.Relations of soil air to roots as factors in plant growth.[J].Soil Science,1950,70(3):175-186.
[20]Yuan L,Niu W,Wang J,et al.Effects of artificial soil aeration volume and frequency on soil enzyme activity and microbial abundance when cultivating greenhouse tomato[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2016,80(5):1208.
[21]朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉对番茄植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):199-211.Zhu Y,Cai H J,Song L B,et al.Impacts of oxygation on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):199-211.
[22]肖卫华,张文萍,李子豪,等.不同增氧灌溉对水稻根系生长的影响研究[J].湖南农业科学,2016(2):19-21.Xiao W H,Zhang W P,Li Z H,et al.Effects of different oxygation treatments on rice root growth[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2016(2):19-21.
[23]廖健程,胡德勇,裴毅,等.控制灌溉条件下增氧对超级稻根系生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(9):141-145.Liao J C,Hu D Y,Pei Y,et al.Effects of aeration on root growth and water use efficiency of super rice under controlled irrigation conditions[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Machinery Engineering,2018,36(9):141-145.