Bariatric surgery in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-from pathophysiology to clinical effects
|
摘要
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant liver disease,and it covers the disease spectrum from simple steatosis with a risk of development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) to fibrosis,subsequent cirrhosis,end-stage liver failure,and liver cancer with a potential need for liver transplantation.NAFLD and NASH are closely related to obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes(T2 D).The role of gut hormones,especially glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1),is important in NAFLD.Bariatric surgery has the potential for inducing great weight loss and may improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and T2 D.Recent data demonstrated significant effects of bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and other gut hormones and important lipid metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.Therefore,bariatric surgery may reverse the pathological liver changes in NAFLD and NASH patients.In the present review,we describe NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and the primary effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic pathways.We performed a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects and focused on changes in liver disease severity in NAFLD and NASH patients.The specific focus was liver histopathology as assessed by the invasive liver biopsy.Additionally,we reviewed several non-invasive methods used for the assessment of liver disease severity following bariatric surgery.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant liver disease,and it covers the disease spectrum from simple steatosis with a risk of development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) to fibrosis,subsequent cirrhosis,end-stage liver failure,and liver cancer with a potential need for liver transplantation.NAFLD and NASH are closely related to obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes(T2 D).The role of gut hormones,especially glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1),is important in NAFLD.Bariatric surgery has the potential for inducing great weight loss and may improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and T2 D.Recent data demonstrated significant effects of bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and other gut hormones and important lipid metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.Therefore,bariatric surgery may reverse the pathological liver changes in NAFLD and NASH patients.In the present review,we describe NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and the primary effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic pathways.We performed a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects and focused on changes in liver disease severity in NAFLD and NASH patients.The specific focus was liver histopathology as assessed by the invasive liver biopsy.Additionally,we reviewed several non-invasive methods used for the assessment of liver disease severity following bariatric surgery.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant liver disease,and it covers the disease spectrum from simple steatosis with a risk of development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) to fibrosis,subsequent cirrhosis,end-stage liver failure,and liver cancer with a potential need for liver transplantation.NAFLD and NASH are closely related to obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes(T2 D).The role of gut hormones,especially glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1),is important in NAFLD.Bariatric surgery has the potential for inducing great weight loss and may improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and T2 D.Recent data demonstrated significant effects of bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and other gut hormones and important lipid metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.Therefore,bariatric surgery may reverse the pathological liver changes in NAFLD and NASH patients.In the present review,we describe NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and the primary effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic pathways.We performed a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects and focused on changes in liver disease severity in NAFLD and NASH patients.The specific focus was liver histopathology as assessed by the invasive liver biopsy.Additionally,we reviewed several non-invasive methods used for the assessment of liver disease severity following bariatric surgery.
引文
1 Blachier M,Leleu H,Peck-Radosavljevic M,Valla DC,Roudot-Thoraval F.The burden of liver disease in Europe:a review of available epidemiological data.J Hepatol 2013;58:593-608[PMID:23419824DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.005]
2 Chalasani N,Younossi Z,Lavine JE,Diehl AM,Brunt EM,Cusi K,Charlton M,Sanyal AJ.The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,American College of Gastroenterology,and the American Gastroenterological Association.Hepatology 2012;55:2005-2023[PMID:22488764 DOI:10.1002/hep.25762]
3 Vernon G,Baranova A,Younossi ZM.Systematic review:the epidemiology and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274-285[PMID:21623852 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x]
4 Younossi ZM,Stepanova M,Afendy M,Fang Y,Younossi Y,Mir H,Srishord M.Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:524-530.e1;quiz e60[PMID:21440669 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.020]
5 Cortez-Pinto H,Camilo ME,Baptista A,De Oliveira AG,De Moura MC.Non-alcoholic fatty liver:another feature of the metabolic syndrome?Clin Nutr 1999;18:353-358[PMID:10634920 DOI:10.1054/clnu.1999.0047]
6 Prashanth M,Ganesh HK,Vima MV,John M,Bandgar T,Joshi SR,Shah SR,Rathi PM,Joshi AS,Thakkar H,Menon PS,Shah NS.Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus.J Assoc Physicians India 2009;57:205-210[PMID:19588648]
7 Pagano G,Pacini G,Musso G,Gambino R,Mecca F,Depetris N,Cassader M,David E,Cavallo-Perin P,Rizzetto M.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,and metabolic syndrome:further evidence for an etiologic association.Hepatology 2002;35:367-372[PMID:11826410 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2002.30690]
8 Sanyal AJ,Campbell-Sargent C,Mirshahi F,Rizzo WB,Contos MJ,Sterling RK,Luketic VA,Shiffman ML,Clore JN.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis:association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities.Gastroenterology 2001;120:1183-1192[PMID:11266382 DOI:10.1053/gast.2001.23256]
9 Madsbad S,Dirksen C,Holst JJ.Mechanisms of changes in glucose metabolism and bodyweight after bariatric surgery.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:152-164[PMID:24622719 DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70218-3]
10 Lassailly G,Caiazzo R,Buob D,Pigeyre M,Verkindt H,Labreuche J,Raverdy V,Leteurtre E,Dharancy S,Louvet A,Romon M,Duhamel A,Pattou F,Mathurin P.Bariatric Surgery Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Morbidly Obese Patients.Gastroenterology 2015;149:379-388;quiz e15-16[PMID:25917783 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.014]
11 Maciejewski ML,Arterburn DE,Van Scoyoc L,Smith VA,Yancy WS,Weidenbacher HJ,Livingston EH,Olsen MK.Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss.JAMA Surg 2016;151:1046-1055[PMID:27579793 DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2317]
12 Brunt EM,Wong VW,Nobili V,Day CP,Sookoian S,Maher JJ,Bugianesi E,Sirlin CB,NeuschwanderTetri BA,Rinella ME.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015;1:15080[PMID:27188459 DOI:10.1038/nrdp.2015.80]
13 Romeo S,Kozlitina J,Xing C,Pertsemlidis A,Cox D,Pennacchio LA,Boerwinkle E,Cohen JC,Hobbs HH.Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Genet2008;40:1461-1465[PMID:18820647 DOI:10.1038/ng.257]
14 Kozlitina J,Smagris E,Stender S,Nordestgaard BG,Zhou HH,Tybj?rg-Hansen A,Vogt TF,Hobbs HH,Cohen JC.Exome-wide association study identifies a TM6SF2 variant that confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Genet 2014;46:352-356[PMID:24531328 DOI:10.1038/ng.2901]
15 Pirola CJ,Gianotti TF,Burgue?o AL,Rey-Funes M,Loidl CF,Mallardi P,Martino JS,Casta?o GO,Sookoian S.Epigenetic modification of liver mitochondrial DNA is associated with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gut 2013;62:1356-1363[PMID:22879518 DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302962]
16 Sookoian S,Rosselli MS,Gemma C,Burgue?o AL,Fernández Gianotti T,Casta?o GO,Pirola CJ.Epigenetic regulation of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:impact of liver methylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1αpromoter.Hepatology 2010;52:1992-2000[PMID:20890895 DOI:10.1002/hep.23927]
17 Donnelly KL,Smith CI,Schwarzenberg SJ,Jessurun J,Boldt MD,Parks EJ.Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.J Clin Invest 2005;115:1343-1351[PMID:15864352 DOI:10.1172/JCI23621]
18 Lewis GF,Carpentier A,Adeli K,Giacca A.Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Endocr Rev 2002;23:201-229[PMID:11943743 DOI:10.1210/edrv.23.2.0461]
19 Cusi K.Role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Clin Liver Dis 2009;13:545-563[PMID:19818304 DOI:10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.009]
20 Postic C,Girard J.Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance:lessons from genetically engineered mice.J Clin Invest 2008;118:829-838[PMID:18317565 DOI:10.1172/JCI34275]
21 Lambert JE,Ramos-Roman MA,Browning JD,Parks EJ.Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gastroenterology 2014;146:726-735[PMID:24316260 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049]
22 Kammoun HL,Chabanon H,Hainault I,Luquet S,Magnan C,Koike T,FerréP,Foufelle F.GRP78expression inhibits insulin and ER stress-induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice.J Clin Invest 2009;119:1201-1215[PMID:19363290 DOI:10.1172/JCI37007]
23 Jacome-Sosa MM,Parks EJ.Fatty acid sources and their fluxes as they contribute to plasma triglyceride concentrations and fatty liver in humans.Curr Opin Lipidol 2014;25:213-220[PMID:24785962 DOI:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000080]
24 Yamaguchi K,Yang L,McCall S,Huang J,Yu XX,Pandey SK,Bhanot S,Monia BP,Li YX,Diehl AM.Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Hepatology 2007;45:1366-1374[PMID:17476695 DOI:10.1002/hep.21655]
25 Neuschwander-Tetri BA.Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis:the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites.Hepatology 2010;52:774-788[PMID:20683968DOI:10.1002/hep.23719]
26 Luedde T,Kaplowitz N,Schwabe RF.Cell death and cell death responses in liver disease:mechanisms and clinical relevance.Gastroenterology 2014;147:765-783.e4[PMID:25046161 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.018]
27 Feldstein AE,Canbay A,Angulo P,Taniai M,Burgart LJ,Lindor KD,Gores GJ.Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology 2003;125:437-443[PMID:12891546 DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7]
28 Tosello-Trampont AC,Landes SG,Nguyen V,Novobrantseva TI,Hahn YS.Kuppfer cells trigger nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development in diet-induced mouse model through tumor necrosis factor-αproduction.J Biol Chem 2012;287:40161-40172[PMID:23066023 DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.417014]
29 Wehr A,Baeck C,Ulmer F,Gassler N,Hittatiya K,Luedde T,Neumann UP,Trautwein C,Tacke F.Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CXCL16 diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury.PLoS One 2014;9:e112327[PMID:25372401 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0112327]
30 Seki E,De Minicis S,Osterreicher CH,Kluwe J,Osawa Y,Brenner DA,Schwabe RF.TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis.Nat Med 2007;13:1324-1332[PMID:17952090 DOI:10.1038/nm1663]
31 Buchwald H,Avidor Y,Braunwald E,Jensen MD,Pories W,Fahrbach K,Schoelles K.Bariatric surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA 2004;292:1724-1737[PMID:15479938 DOI:10.1001/jama.292.14.1724]
32 Sj?str?m L.Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects(SOS)trial-a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery.J Intern Med 2013;273:219-234[PMID:23163728DOI:10.1111/joim.12012]
33 Schauer PR,Bhatt DL,Kirwan JP,Wolski K,Aminian A,Brethauer SA,Navaneethan SD,Singh RP,Pothier CE,Nissen SE,Kashyap SR;STAMPEDE Investigators.Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes-5-Year Outcomes.N Engl J Med 2017;376:641-651[PMID:28199805DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1600869]
34 Mingrone G,Panunzi S,De Gaetano A,Guidone C,Iaconelli A,Leccesi L,Nanni G,Pomp A,Castagneto M,Ghirlanda G,Rubino F.Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes.NEngl J Med 2012;366:1577-1585[PMID:22449317 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1200111]
35 Leonetti F,Capoccia D,Coccia F,Casella G,Baglio G,Paradiso F,Abbatini F,Iossa A,Soricelli E,Basso N.Obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and other comorbidities:a prospective cohort study of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy vs medical treatment.Arch Surg 2012;147:694-700[PMID:22508671 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2012.222]
36 Ackerman NB.Observations on the improvements in carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic and other morbidly obese patients after jejunoileal bypass.Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;152:581-586[PMID:7013122]
37 Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Serup AK,Albers PH,Hansen DL,Worm D,Naver L,Kristiansen VB,Wojtaszewski JF,Kiens B,Holst JJ,Richter EA,Madsbad S.Early enhancements of hepatic and later of peripheral insulin sensitivity combined with increased postprandial insulin secretion contribute to improved glycemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Diabetes 2014;63:1725-1737[PMID:24241533 DOI:10.2337/db13-1307]
38 J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Naver L,Hvolris L,Clausen TR,Wulff BS,Worm D,Lindqvist Hansen D,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Acute and long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in subjects with Type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance.Am JPhysiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;303:E122-E131[PMID:22535748 DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2012]
39 J?rgensen NB,Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Jacobsen SH,Worm D,Hansen DL,Kristiansen VB,Naver L,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Exaggerated glucagon-like peptide 1 response is important for improvedβ-cell function and glucose tolerance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes 2013;62:3044-3052[PMID:23649520 DOI:10.2337/db13-0022]
40 Romero F,Nicolau J,Flores L,Casamitjana R,Ibarzabal A,Lacy A,Vidal J.Comparable early changes in gastrointestinal hormones after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbidly obese type 2 diabetic subjects.Surg Endosc 2012;26:2231-2239[PMID:22302537 DOI:10.1007/s00464-012-2166-y]
41 Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Kristiansen VB,Naver LS,Hansen DL,Worm D,Holst JJ,Madsbad S.Exaggerated release and preserved insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 underlie insulin hypersecretion in glucose-tolerant individuals after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Diabetologia 2013;56:2679-2687[PMID:24048673 DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-3055-1]
42 Falkén Y,Hellstr?m PM,Holst JJ,N?slund E.Changes in glucose homeostasis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity at day three,two months,and one year after surgery:role of gut peptides.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2227-2235[PMID:21543426 DOI:10.1210/jc.2010-2876]
43 Nguyen NQ,Debreceni TL,Bambrick JE,Bellon M,Wishart J,Standfield S,Rayner CK,Horowitz M.Rapid gastric and intestinal transit is a major determinant of changes in blood glucose,intestinal hormones,glucose absorption and postprandial symptoms after gastric bypass.Obesity(Silver Spring)2014;22:2003-2009[PMID:24829088 DOI:10.1002/oby.20791]
44 Melissas J,Leventi A,Klinaki I,Perisinakis K,Koukouraki S,de Bree E,Karkavitsas N.Alterations of global gastrointestinal motility after sleeve gastrectomy:a prospective study.Ann Surg 2013;258:976-982[PMID:23160151 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182774522]
45 Kuhre RE,Christiansen CB,Saltiel MY,Wewer Albrechtsen NJ,Holst JJ.On the relationship between glucose absorption and glucose-stimulated secretion of GLP-1,neurotensin,and PYY from different intestinal segments in the rat.Physiol Rep 2017;5[PMID:29199179 DOI:10.14814/phy2.13507]
46 Jorsal T,Rhee NA,Pedersen J,Wahlgren CD,Mortensen B,Jepsen SL,Jelsing J,Dalb?ge LS,Vilmann P,Hassan H,Hendel JW,Poulsen SS,Holst JJ,Vilsb?ll T,Knop FK.Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals.Diabetologia 2018;61:284-294[PMID:28956082 DOI:10.1007/s00125-017-4450-9]
47 Svegliati-Baroni G,Saccomanno S,Rychlicki C,Agostinelli L,De Minicis S,Candelaresi C,Faraci G,Pacetti D,Vivarelli M,Nicolini D,Garelli P,Casini A,Manco M,Mingrone G,Risaliti A,Frega GN,Benedetti A,Gastaldelli A.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates hepatic lipid oxidation and restores hepatic signalling alteration induced by a high-fat diet in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Liver Int 2011;31:1285-1297[PMID:21745271 DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02462.x]
48 Vetter ML,Wadden TA,Teff KL,Khan ZF,Carvajal R,Ritter S,Moore RH,Chittams JL,Iagnocco A,Murayama K,Korus G,Williams NN,Rickels MR.GLP-1 plays a limited role in improved glycemia shortly after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass:a comparison with intensive lifestyle modification.Diabetes 2015;64:434-446[PMID:25204975 DOI:10.2337/db14-0558]
49 Steven S,Hollingsworth KG,Small PK,Woodcock SA,Pucci A,Aribasala B,Al-Mrabeh A,Batterham RL,Taylor R.Calorie restriction and not glucagon-like peptide-1 explains the acute improvement in glucose control after gastric bypass in Type 2 diabetes.Diabet Med 2016;33:1723-1731[PMID:27589584 DOI:10.1111/dme.13257]
50 Kotronen A,Vehkavaara S,Sepp?l?-Lindroos A,Bergholm R,Yki-J?rvinen H.Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007;293:E1709-E1715[PMID:17895288 DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2007]
51 Jackness C,Karmally W,Febres G,Conwell IM,Ahmed L,Bessler M,McMahon DJ,Korner J.Very low-calorie diet mimics the early beneficial effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on insulin sensitivity andβ-cell Function in type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetes 2013;62:3027-3032[PMID:23610060 DOI:10.2337/db12-1762]
52 Jiménez A,Mari A,Casamitjana R,Lacy A,Ferrannini E,Vidal J.GLP-1 and glucose tolerance after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes 2014;63:3372-3377[PMID:24848069 DOI:10.2337/db14-0357]
53 Salehi M,Vella A,McLaughlin T,Patti ME.Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass Surgery:Current Concepts and Controversies.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:2815-2826[PMID:30101281 DOI:10.1210/jc.2018-00528]
54 Dirksen C,Eiken A,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Svane MS,Martinussen C,J?rgensen NB,Holst JJ,Madsbad S.No Islet Cell Hyperfunction,but Altered Gut-Islet Regulation and Postprandial Hypoglycemia in GlucoseTolerant Patients 3 Years After Gastric Bypass Surgery.Obes Surg 2016;26:2263-2267[PMID:27138601 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2197-x]
55 Salehi M,Gastaldelli A,D'Alessio DA.Blockade of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor corrects postprandial hypoglycemia after gastric bypass.Gastroenterology 2014;146:669-680.e2[PMID:24315990 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.044]
56 Knop FK,Taylor R.Mechanism of metabolic advantages after bariatric surgery:it's all gastrointestinal factors versus it's all food restriction.Diabetes Care 2013;36 Suppl 2:S287-S291[PMID:23882061 DOI:10.2337/dcS13-2032]
57 Vilar-Gomez E,Martinez-Perez Y,Calzadilla-Bertot L,Torres-Gonzalez A,Gra-Oramas B,GonzalezFabian L,Friedman SL,Diago M,Romero-Gomez M.Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology 2015;149:367-378.e5;quiz e14-15[PMID:25865049 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005]
58 Yousseif A,Emmanuel J,Karra E,Millet Q,Elkalaawy M,Jenkinson AD,Hashemi M,Adamo M,Finer N,Fiennes AG,Withers DJ,Batterham RL.Differential effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastric bypass on appetite,circulating acyl-ghrelin,peptide YY3-36 and active GLP-1 levels in non-diabetic humans.Obes Surg 2014;24:241-252[PMID:23996294 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-1066-0]
59 Laurenius A,Larsson I,Bueter M,Melanson KJ,Bosaeus I,Forslund HB,L?nroth H,F?ndriks L,Olbers T.Changes in eating behaviour and meal pattern following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Int J Obes(Lond)2012;36:348-355[PMID:22124454 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2011.217]
60 le Roux CW,Welbourn R,Werling M,Osborne A,Kokkinos A,Laurenius A,L?nroth H,F?ndriks L,Ghatei MA,Bloom SR,Olbers T.Gut hormones as mediators of appetite and weight loss after Roux-en-Ygastric bypass.Ann Surg 2007;246:780-785[PMID:17968169 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3180caa3e3]
61 Svane MS,J?rgensen NB,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,Nielsen S,Kristiansen VB,Tor?ng S,Wewer Albrechtsen NJ,Rehfeld JF,Hartmann B,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1contribute to decreased food intake after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.Int J Obes(Lond)2016;40:1699-1706[PMID:27434221 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2016.121]
62 Cummings DE,Weigle DS,Frayo RS,Breen PA,Ma MK,Dellinger EP,Purnell JQ.Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery.N Engl J Med 2002;346:1623-1630[PMID:12023994 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa012908]
63 Faraj M,Havel PJ,Phélis S,Blank D,Sniderman AD,Cianflone K.Plasma acylation-stimulating protein,adiponectin,leptin,and ghrelin before and after weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1594-1602[PMID:12679444 DOI:10.1210/jc.2002-021309]
64 Patti ME,Houten SM,Bianco AC,Bernier R,Larsen PR,Holst JJ,Badman MK,Maratos-Flier E,Mun EC,Pihlajamaki J,Auwerx J,Goldfine AB.Serum bile acids are higher in humans with prior gastric bypass:potential contribution to improved glucose and lipid metabolism.Obesity(Silver Spring)2009;17:1671-1677[PMID:19360006 DOI:10.1038/oby.2009.102]
65 Palleja A,Kashani A,Allin KH,Nielsen T,Zhang C,Li Y,Brach T,Liang S,Feng Q,J?rgensen NB,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,Burgdorf KS,Holst JJ,Madsbad S,Wang J,Pedersen O,Hansen T,Arumugam M.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery of morbidly obese patients induces swift and persistent changes of the individual gut microbiota.Genome Med 2016;8:67[PMID:27306058 DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0312-1]
66 Klein S,Mittendorfer B,Eagon JC,Patterson B,Grant L,Feirt N,Seki E,Brenner D,Korenblat K,McCrea J.Gastric bypass surgery improves metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gastroenterology 2006;130:1564-1572[PMID:16697719 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.042]
67 Viana EC,Araujo-Dasilio KL,Miguel GP,Bressan J,Lemos EM,Moyses MR,de Abreu GR,de Azevedo JL,Carvalho PS,Passos-Bueno MR,Errera FI,Bissoli NS.Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy:the same impact on IL-6 and TNF-α.Prospective clinical trial.Obes Surg 2013;23:1252-1261[PMID:23475776 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-0894-2]
68 Chavez-Tapia NC,Tellez-Avila FI,Barrientos-Gutierrez T,Mendez-Sanchez N,Lizardi-Cervera J,Uribe M.Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;CD007340[PMID:20091629 DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007340.pub2]
69 Mummadi RR,Kasturi KS,Chennareddygari S,Sood GK.Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:systematic review and meta-analysis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1396-1402[PMID:18986848 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.08.012]
70 Kral JG,Thung SN,Biron S,Hould FS,Lebel S,Marceau S,Simard S,Marceau P.Effects of surgical treatment of the metabolic syndrome on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Surgery 2004;135:48-58[PMID:14694300 DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2003.10.003]
71 Stratopoulos C,Papakonstantinou A,Terzis I,Spiliadi C,Dimitriades G,Komesidou V,Kitsanta P,Argyrakos T,Hadjiyannakis E.Changes in liver histology accompanying massive weight loss after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.Obes Surg 2005;15:1154-1160[PMID:16197789 DOI:10.1381/0960892055002239]
72 Mathurin P,Gonzalez F,Kerdraon O,Leteurtre E,Arnalsteen L,Hollebecque A,Louvet A,Dharancy S,Cocq P,Jany T,Boitard J,Deltenre P,Romon M,Pattou F.The evolution of severe steatosis after bariatric surgery is related to insulin resistance.Gastroenterology 2006;130:1617-1624[PMID:16697725 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.024]
73 Mathurin P,Hollebecque A,Arnalsteen L,Buob D,Leteurtre E,Caiazzo R,Pigeyre M,Verkindt H,Dharancy S,Louvet A,Romon M,Pattou F.Prospective study of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on liver injury in patients without advanced disease.Gastroenterology 2009;137:532-540[PMID:19409898 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.052]
74 Caiazzo R,Lassailly G,Leteurtre E,Baud G,Verkindt H,Raverdy V,Buob D,Pigeyre M,Mathurin P,Pattou F.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus adjustable gastric banding to reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a 5-year controlled longitudinal study.Ann Surg 2014;260:893-898;discussion 898-899[PMID:25379859 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000945]
75 Taitano AA,Markow M,Finan JE,Wheeler DE,Gonzalvo JP,Murr MM.Bariatric surgery improves histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis.J Gastrointest Surg 2015;19:429-436;discussion 436-437[PMID:25537957 DOI:10.1007/s11605-014-2678-y]
76 Weiner RA.Surgical treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Dig Dis 2010;28:274-279[PMID:20460923 DOI:10.1159/000282102]
77 Moretto M,Kupski C,da Silva VD,Padoin AV,Mottin CC.Effect of bariatric surgery on liver fibrosis.Obes Surg 2012;22:1044-1049[PMID:22108808 DOI:10.1007/s11695-011-0559-y]
78 Vargas V,Allende H,Lecube A,Salcedo MT,Baena-Fustegueras JA,Fort JM,Rivero J,Ferrer R,Catalán R,Pardina E,Ramón Y Cajal S,Guardia J,Peinado-Onsurbe J.Surgically induced weight loss by gastric bypass improves non alcoholic fatty liver disease in morbid obese patients.World J Hepatol 2012;4:382-388[PMID:23355916 DOI:10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.382]
79 Tai CM,Huang CK,Hwang JC,Chiang H,Chang CY,Lee CT,Yu ML,Lin JT.Improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese Chinese patients.Obes Surg 2012;22:1016-1021[PMID:22161114 DOI:10.1007/s11695-011-0579-7]
80 Praveen Raj P,Gomes RM,Kumar S,Senthilnathan P,Karthikeyan P,Shankar A,Palanivelu C.The effect of surgically induced weight loss on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese Indians:"NASHOST"prospective observational trial.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015;11:1315-1322[PMID:26003897DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2015.02.006]
81 Schneck AS,Anty R,Patouraux S,Bonnafous S,Rousseau D,Lebeaupin C,Bailly-Maitre B,Sans A,Tran A,Gugenheim J,Iannelli A,Gual P.Roux-En Y Gastric Bypass Results in Long-Term Remission of Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Hepatic Histological Features of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis.Front Physiol2016;7:344[PMID:27594839 DOI:10.3389/fphys.2016.00344]
82 Froylich D,Corcelles R,Daigle C,Boules M,Brethauer S,Schauer P.Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a comparative study.Surg Obes Relat Dis2016;12:127-131[PMID:26077701 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2015.04.004]
83 Aldoheyan T,Hassanain M,Al-Mulhim A,Al-Sabhan A,Al-Amro S,Bamehriz F,Al-Khalidi H.The effects of bariatric surgeries on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Surg Endosc 2017;31:1142-1147[PMID:27405478 DOI:10.1007/s00464-016-5082-8]
84 Manco M,Mosca A,De Peppo F,Caccamo R,Cutrera R,Giordano U,De Stefanis C,Alisi A,Baumann U,Silecchia G,Nobili V.The Benefit of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Adolescents on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatic Fibrosis.J Pediatr 2017;180:31-37.e2[PMID:27697327 DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.101]
85 Garg H,Aggarwal S,Shalimar,Yadav R,Datta Gupta S,Agarwal L,Agarwal S.Utility of transient elastography(fibroscan)and impact of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in morbidly obese patients.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018;14:81-91[PMID:29126863 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.005]
86 Aguilar-Olivos NE,Almeda-Valdes P,Aguilar-Salinas CA,Uribe M,Méndez-Sánchez N.The role of bariatric surgery in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.Metabolism 2016;65:1196-1207[PMID:26435078 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.004]
87 Nickel F,Tapking C,Benner L,Sollors J,Billeter AT,Kenngott HG,Bokhary L,Schmid M,von Frankenberg M,Fischer L,Mueller S,Müller-Stich BP.Bariatric Surgery as an Efficient Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Prospective Study with 1-Year Follow-up:BariScan Study.Obes Surg 2018;28:1342-1350[PMID:29119336 DOI:10.1007/s11695-017-3012-z]
88 Cazzo E,Jimenez LS,Pareja JC,Chaim EA.Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease evaluated through NAFLD fibrosis score:a prospective study.Obes Surg 2015;25:982-985[PMID:25381118 DOI:10.1007/s11695-014-1489-2]
89 Jimenez LS,Mendon?a Chaim FH,Mendon?a Chaim FD,Utrini MP,Gestic MA,Chaim EA,Cazzo E.Impact of Weight Regain on the Evolution of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass:a 3-Year Follow-up.Obes Surg 2018;28:3131-3135[PMID:29725976 DOI:10.1007/s11695-018-3286-9]
90 Loy JJ,Youn HA,Schwack B,Kurian M,Ren Fielding C,Fielding GA.Improvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015;11:442-449[PMID:25820083 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2014.11.010]
91 Simo KA,McKillop IH,McMillan MT,Ahrens WA,Walters AL,Thompson KJ,Kuwada TS,Martinie JB,Iannitti DA,Gersin KS,Sindram D.Does a calculated"NAFLD fibrosis score"reliably negate the need for liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery?Obes Surg 2014;24:15-21[PMID:23934335 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-1044-6]
92 Naveau S,Lamouri K,Pourcher G,Njiké-Nakseu M,Ferretti S,Courie R,Tranchart H,Ghinoiu M,Balian A,Prévot S,Perlemuter G,Dagher I.The diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in bariatric surgery candidates with suspected NAFLD.Obes Surg 2014;24:1693-1701[PMID:24841950 DOI:10.1007/s11695-014-1235-9]
93 Fjeldborg K,Pedersen SB,M?ller HJ,Richelsen B.Reduction in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 after gastric bypass is related to changes in hepatic fat content.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017;13:1515-1523[PMID:28552744 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.033]
94 Hedderich DM,Hasenberg T,Haneder S,Schoenberg SO,Kücükoglu?,Canbay A,Otto M.Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is an Effective,Non-invasive Method to Evaluate Changes in the Liver Fat Fraction.Obes Surg 2017;27:1755-1762[PMID:28064372 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2531-3]
95 Jiménez-Agüero R,Emparanza JI,Beguiristain A,Bujanda L,Alustiza JM,García E,Hijona E,Gallego L,Sánchez-González J,Perugorria MJ,Asensio JI,Larburu S,Garmendia M,Larzabal M,Portillo MP,Aguirre L,Banales JM.Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI:diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.BMC Med2014;12:137[PMID:25164060 DOI:10.1186/s12916-014-0137-y]
96 Ruiz-Tovar J,Alsina ME,Alpera MR;OBELCHE Group.Improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients after sleeve gastrectomy:association of ultrasonographic findings with lipid profile and liver enzymes.Acta Chir Belg 2017;117:363-369[PMID:28585487 DOI:10.1080/00015458.2017.1334858]
97 Algooneh A,Almazeedi S,Al-Sabah S,Ahmed M,Othman F.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease resolution following sleeve gastrectomy.Surg Endosc 2016;30:1983-1987[PMID:26194256 DOI:10.1007/s00464-015-4426-0]
98 Giannetti M,Piaggi P,Ceccarini G,Mazzeo S,Querci G,Fierabracci P,Salvetti G,Galli G,Ricco I,Martinelli S,Di Salvo C,Anselmino M,Landi A,Vitti P,Pinchera A,Santini F.Hepatic left lobe volume is a sensitive index of metabolic improvement in obese women after gastric banding.Int J Obes(Lond)2012;36:336-341[PMID:22143620 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2011.243]
99 Major P,P?dziwiatr M,Rubinkiewicz M,Stanek M,G?uszewska A,Pisarska M,Ma?czak P,Budzyński A,Budzyński P.Impact of bariatric surgery on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Pol Przegl Chir 2017;89:1-4[PMID:28537562 DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0009.6003]
100 Winder JS,Dudeck BS,Schock S,Lyn-Sue JR,Haluck RS,Rogers AM.Radiographic Improvement of Hepatic Steatosis After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.Obes Surg 2017;27:376-380[PMID:27440167 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2299-5]
101 Alizai PH,Wendl J,Roeth AA,Klink CD,Luedde T,Steinhoff I,Neumann UP,Schmeding M,Ulmer F.Functional Liver Recovery After Bariatric Surgery--a Prospective Cohort Study with the LiMAx Test.Obes Surg 2015;25:2047-2053[PMID:25869925 DOI:10.1007/s11695-015-1664-0]
102 Gribsholt SB,Thomsen RW,Svensson E,Richelsen B.Overall and cause-specific mortality after Rouxen-Y gastric bypass surgery:A nationwide cohort study.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017;13:581-587[PMID:27876334 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2016.10.007]
103 Goossens N,Hoshida Y,Song WM,Jung M,Morel P,Nakagawa S,Zhang B,Frossard JL,Spahr L,Friedman SL,Negro F,Rubbia-Brandt L,Giostra E.Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:1619-1628[PMID:26492845 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.10.010]
104 Rebibo L,Gerin O,Verhaeghe P,Dhahri A,Cosse C,Regimbeau JM.Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis:a case-matched study.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;10:405-10;quiz565[PMID:24355322 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2013.09.015]
2 Chalasani N,Younossi Z,Lavine JE,Diehl AM,Brunt EM,Cusi K,Charlton M,Sanyal AJ.The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,American College of Gastroenterology,and the American Gastroenterological Association.Hepatology 2012;55:2005-2023[PMID:22488764 DOI:10.1002/hep.25762]
3 Vernon G,Baranova A,Younossi ZM.Systematic review:the epidemiology and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:274-285[PMID:21623852 DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x]
4 Younossi ZM,Stepanova M,Afendy M,Fang Y,Younossi Y,Mir H,Srishord M.Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:524-530.e1;quiz e60[PMID:21440669 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.020]
5 Cortez-Pinto H,Camilo ME,Baptista A,De Oliveira AG,De Moura MC.Non-alcoholic fatty liver:another feature of the metabolic syndrome?Clin Nutr 1999;18:353-358[PMID:10634920 DOI:10.1054/clnu.1999.0047]
6 Prashanth M,Ganesh HK,Vima MV,John M,Bandgar T,Joshi SR,Shah SR,Rathi PM,Joshi AS,Thakkar H,Menon PS,Shah NS.Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus.J Assoc Physicians India 2009;57:205-210[PMID:19588648]
7 Pagano G,Pacini G,Musso G,Gambino R,Mecca F,Depetris N,Cassader M,David E,Cavallo-Perin P,Rizzetto M.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,and metabolic syndrome:further evidence for an etiologic association.Hepatology 2002;35:367-372[PMID:11826410 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2002.30690]
8 Sanyal AJ,Campbell-Sargent C,Mirshahi F,Rizzo WB,Contos MJ,Sterling RK,Luketic VA,Shiffman ML,Clore JN.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis:association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities.Gastroenterology 2001;120:1183-1192[PMID:11266382 DOI:10.1053/gast.2001.23256]
9 Madsbad S,Dirksen C,Holst JJ.Mechanisms of changes in glucose metabolism and bodyweight after bariatric surgery.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:152-164[PMID:24622719 DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70218-3]
10 Lassailly G,Caiazzo R,Buob D,Pigeyre M,Verkindt H,Labreuche J,Raverdy V,Leteurtre E,Dharancy S,Louvet A,Romon M,Duhamel A,Pattou F,Mathurin P.Bariatric Surgery Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Morbidly Obese Patients.Gastroenterology 2015;149:379-388;quiz e15-16[PMID:25917783 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.014]
11 Maciejewski ML,Arterburn DE,Van Scoyoc L,Smith VA,Yancy WS,Weidenbacher HJ,Livingston EH,Olsen MK.Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Durability of Weight Loss.JAMA Surg 2016;151:1046-1055[PMID:27579793 DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2317]
12 Brunt EM,Wong VW,Nobili V,Day CP,Sookoian S,Maher JJ,Bugianesi E,Sirlin CB,NeuschwanderTetri BA,Rinella ME.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015;1:15080[PMID:27188459 DOI:10.1038/nrdp.2015.80]
13 Romeo S,Kozlitina J,Xing C,Pertsemlidis A,Cox D,Pennacchio LA,Boerwinkle E,Cohen JC,Hobbs HH.Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Genet2008;40:1461-1465[PMID:18820647 DOI:10.1038/ng.257]
14 Kozlitina J,Smagris E,Stender S,Nordestgaard BG,Zhou HH,Tybj?rg-Hansen A,Vogt TF,Hobbs HH,Cohen JC.Exome-wide association study identifies a TM6SF2 variant that confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nat Genet 2014;46:352-356[PMID:24531328 DOI:10.1038/ng.2901]
15 Pirola CJ,Gianotti TF,Burgue?o AL,Rey-Funes M,Loidl CF,Mallardi P,Martino JS,Casta?o GO,Sookoian S.Epigenetic modification of liver mitochondrial DNA is associated with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gut 2013;62:1356-1363[PMID:22879518 DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302962]
16 Sookoian S,Rosselli MS,Gemma C,Burgue?o AL,Fernández Gianotti T,Casta?o GO,Pirola CJ.Epigenetic regulation of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:impact of liver methylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1αpromoter.Hepatology 2010;52:1992-2000[PMID:20890895 DOI:10.1002/hep.23927]
17 Donnelly KL,Smith CI,Schwarzenberg SJ,Jessurun J,Boldt MD,Parks EJ.Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.J Clin Invest 2005;115:1343-1351[PMID:15864352 DOI:10.1172/JCI23621]
18 Lewis GF,Carpentier A,Adeli K,Giacca A.Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Endocr Rev 2002;23:201-229[PMID:11943743 DOI:10.1210/edrv.23.2.0461]
19 Cusi K.Role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Clin Liver Dis 2009;13:545-563[PMID:19818304 DOI:10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.009]
20 Postic C,Girard J.Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance:lessons from genetically engineered mice.J Clin Invest 2008;118:829-838[PMID:18317565 DOI:10.1172/JCI34275]
21 Lambert JE,Ramos-Roman MA,Browning JD,Parks EJ.Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gastroenterology 2014;146:726-735[PMID:24316260 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049]
22 Kammoun HL,Chabanon H,Hainault I,Luquet S,Magnan C,Koike T,FerréP,Foufelle F.GRP78expression inhibits insulin and ER stress-induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice.J Clin Invest 2009;119:1201-1215[PMID:19363290 DOI:10.1172/JCI37007]
23 Jacome-Sosa MM,Parks EJ.Fatty acid sources and their fluxes as they contribute to plasma triglyceride concentrations and fatty liver in humans.Curr Opin Lipidol 2014;25:213-220[PMID:24785962 DOI:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000080]
24 Yamaguchi K,Yang L,McCall S,Huang J,Yu XX,Pandey SK,Bhanot S,Monia BP,Li YX,Diehl AM.Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Hepatology 2007;45:1366-1374[PMID:17476695 DOI:10.1002/hep.21655]
25 Neuschwander-Tetri BA.Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis:the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites.Hepatology 2010;52:774-788[PMID:20683968DOI:10.1002/hep.23719]
26 Luedde T,Kaplowitz N,Schwabe RF.Cell death and cell death responses in liver disease:mechanisms and clinical relevance.Gastroenterology 2014;147:765-783.e4[PMID:25046161 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.018]
27 Feldstein AE,Canbay A,Angulo P,Taniai M,Burgart LJ,Lindor KD,Gores GJ.Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology 2003;125:437-443[PMID:12891546 DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7]
28 Tosello-Trampont AC,Landes SG,Nguyen V,Novobrantseva TI,Hahn YS.Kuppfer cells trigger nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development in diet-induced mouse model through tumor necrosis factor-αproduction.J Biol Chem 2012;287:40161-40172[PMID:23066023 DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.417014]
29 Wehr A,Baeck C,Ulmer F,Gassler N,Hittatiya K,Luedde T,Neumann UP,Trautwein C,Tacke F.Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CXCL16 diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury.PLoS One 2014;9:e112327[PMID:25372401 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0112327]
30 Seki E,De Minicis S,Osterreicher CH,Kluwe J,Osawa Y,Brenner DA,Schwabe RF.TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis.Nat Med 2007;13:1324-1332[PMID:17952090 DOI:10.1038/nm1663]
31 Buchwald H,Avidor Y,Braunwald E,Jensen MD,Pories W,Fahrbach K,Schoelles K.Bariatric surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA 2004;292:1724-1737[PMID:15479938 DOI:10.1001/jama.292.14.1724]
32 Sj?str?m L.Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects(SOS)trial-a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery.J Intern Med 2013;273:219-234[PMID:23163728DOI:10.1111/joim.12012]
33 Schauer PR,Bhatt DL,Kirwan JP,Wolski K,Aminian A,Brethauer SA,Navaneethan SD,Singh RP,Pothier CE,Nissen SE,Kashyap SR;STAMPEDE Investigators.Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes-5-Year Outcomes.N Engl J Med 2017;376:641-651[PMID:28199805DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1600869]
34 Mingrone G,Panunzi S,De Gaetano A,Guidone C,Iaconelli A,Leccesi L,Nanni G,Pomp A,Castagneto M,Ghirlanda G,Rubino F.Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes.NEngl J Med 2012;366:1577-1585[PMID:22449317 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1200111]
35 Leonetti F,Capoccia D,Coccia F,Casella G,Baglio G,Paradiso F,Abbatini F,Iossa A,Soricelli E,Basso N.Obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and other comorbidities:a prospective cohort study of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy vs medical treatment.Arch Surg 2012;147:694-700[PMID:22508671 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2012.222]
36 Ackerman NB.Observations on the improvements in carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic and other morbidly obese patients after jejunoileal bypass.Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;152:581-586[PMID:7013122]
37 Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Serup AK,Albers PH,Hansen DL,Worm D,Naver L,Kristiansen VB,Wojtaszewski JF,Kiens B,Holst JJ,Richter EA,Madsbad S.Early enhancements of hepatic and later of peripheral insulin sensitivity combined with increased postprandial insulin secretion contribute to improved glycemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Diabetes 2014;63:1725-1737[PMID:24241533 DOI:10.2337/db13-1307]
38 J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Naver L,Hvolris L,Clausen TR,Wulff BS,Worm D,Lindqvist Hansen D,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Acute and long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in subjects with Type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance.Am JPhysiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;303:E122-E131[PMID:22535748 DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2012]
39 J?rgensen NB,Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Jacobsen SH,Worm D,Hansen DL,Kristiansen VB,Naver L,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Exaggerated glucagon-like peptide 1 response is important for improvedβ-cell function and glucose tolerance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes 2013;62:3044-3052[PMID:23649520 DOI:10.2337/db13-0022]
40 Romero F,Nicolau J,Flores L,Casamitjana R,Ibarzabal A,Lacy A,Vidal J.Comparable early changes in gastrointestinal hormones after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbidly obese type 2 diabetic subjects.Surg Endosc 2012;26:2231-2239[PMID:22302537 DOI:10.1007/s00464-012-2166-y]
41 Dirksen C,Bojsen-M?ller KN,J?rgensen NB,Jacobsen SH,Kristiansen VB,Naver LS,Hansen DL,Worm D,Holst JJ,Madsbad S.Exaggerated release and preserved insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 underlie insulin hypersecretion in glucose-tolerant individuals after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Diabetologia 2013;56:2679-2687[PMID:24048673 DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-3055-1]
42 Falkén Y,Hellstr?m PM,Holst JJ,N?slund E.Changes in glucose homeostasis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity at day three,two months,and one year after surgery:role of gut peptides.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2227-2235[PMID:21543426 DOI:10.1210/jc.2010-2876]
43 Nguyen NQ,Debreceni TL,Bambrick JE,Bellon M,Wishart J,Standfield S,Rayner CK,Horowitz M.Rapid gastric and intestinal transit is a major determinant of changes in blood glucose,intestinal hormones,glucose absorption and postprandial symptoms after gastric bypass.Obesity(Silver Spring)2014;22:2003-2009[PMID:24829088 DOI:10.1002/oby.20791]
44 Melissas J,Leventi A,Klinaki I,Perisinakis K,Koukouraki S,de Bree E,Karkavitsas N.Alterations of global gastrointestinal motility after sleeve gastrectomy:a prospective study.Ann Surg 2013;258:976-982[PMID:23160151 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182774522]
45 Kuhre RE,Christiansen CB,Saltiel MY,Wewer Albrechtsen NJ,Holst JJ.On the relationship between glucose absorption and glucose-stimulated secretion of GLP-1,neurotensin,and PYY from different intestinal segments in the rat.Physiol Rep 2017;5[PMID:29199179 DOI:10.14814/phy2.13507]
46 Jorsal T,Rhee NA,Pedersen J,Wahlgren CD,Mortensen B,Jepsen SL,Jelsing J,Dalb?ge LS,Vilmann P,Hassan H,Hendel JW,Poulsen SS,Holst JJ,Vilsb?ll T,Knop FK.Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals.Diabetologia 2018;61:284-294[PMID:28956082 DOI:10.1007/s00125-017-4450-9]
47 Svegliati-Baroni G,Saccomanno S,Rychlicki C,Agostinelli L,De Minicis S,Candelaresi C,Faraci G,Pacetti D,Vivarelli M,Nicolini D,Garelli P,Casini A,Manco M,Mingrone G,Risaliti A,Frega GN,Benedetti A,Gastaldelli A.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates hepatic lipid oxidation and restores hepatic signalling alteration induced by a high-fat diet in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Liver Int 2011;31:1285-1297[PMID:21745271 DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02462.x]
48 Vetter ML,Wadden TA,Teff KL,Khan ZF,Carvajal R,Ritter S,Moore RH,Chittams JL,Iagnocco A,Murayama K,Korus G,Williams NN,Rickels MR.GLP-1 plays a limited role in improved glycemia shortly after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass:a comparison with intensive lifestyle modification.Diabetes 2015;64:434-446[PMID:25204975 DOI:10.2337/db14-0558]
49 Steven S,Hollingsworth KG,Small PK,Woodcock SA,Pucci A,Aribasala B,Al-Mrabeh A,Batterham RL,Taylor R.Calorie restriction and not glucagon-like peptide-1 explains the acute improvement in glucose control after gastric bypass in Type 2 diabetes.Diabet Med 2016;33:1723-1731[PMID:27589584 DOI:10.1111/dme.13257]
50 Kotronen A,Vehkavaara S,Sepp?l?-Lindroos A,Bergholm R,Yki-J?rvinen H.Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007;293:E1709-E1715[PMID:17895288 DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2007]
51 Jackness C,Karmally W,Febres G,Conwell IM,Ahmed L,Bessler M,McMahon DJ,Korner J.Very low-calorie diet mimics the early beneficial effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on insulin sensitivity andβ-cell Function in type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetes 2013;62:3027-3032[PMID:23610060 DOI:10.2337/db12-1762]
52 Jiménez A,Mari A,Casamitjana R,Lacy A,Ferrannini E,Vidal J.GLP-1 and glucose tolerance after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes 2014;63:3372-3377[PMID:24848069 DOI:10.2337/db14-0357]
53 Salehi M,Vella A,McLaughlin T,Patti ME.Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass Surgery:Current Concepts and Controversies.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:2815-2826[PMID:30101281 DOI:10.1210/jc.2018-00528]
54 Dirksen C,Eiken A,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Svane MS,Martinussen C,J?rgensen NB,Holst JJ,Madsbad S.No Islet Cell Hyperfunction,but Altered Gut-Islet Regulation and Postprandial Hypoglycemia in GlucoseTolerant Patients 3 Years After Gastric Bypass Surgery.Obes Surg 2016;26:2263-2267[PMID:27138601 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2197-x]
55 Salehi M,Gastaldelli A,D'Alessio DA.Blockade of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor corrects postprandial hypoglycemia after gastric bypass.Gastroenterology 2014;146:669-680.e2[PMID:24315990 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.044]
56 Knop FK,Taylor R.Mechanism of metabolic advantages after bariatric surgery:it's all gastrointestinal factors versus it's all food restriction.Diabetes Care 2013;36 Suppl 2:S287-S291[PMID:23882061 DOI:10.2337/dcS13-2032]
57 Vilar-Gomez E,Martinez-Perez Y,Calzadilla-Bertot L,Torres-Gonzalez A,Gra-Oramas B,GonzalezFabian L,Friedman SL,Diago M,Romero-Gomez M.Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology 2015;149:367-378.e5;quiz e14-15[PMID:25865049 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005]
58 Yousseif A,Emmanuel J,Karra E,Millet Q,Elkalaawy M,Jenkinson AD,Hashemi M,Adamo M,Finer N,Fiennes AG,Withers DJ,Batterham RL.Differential effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastric bypass on appetite,circulating acyl-ghrelin,peptide YY3-36 and active GLP-1 levels in non-diabetic humans.Obes Surg 2014;24:241-252[PMID:23996294 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-1066-0]
59 Laurenius A,Larsson I,Bueter M,Melanson KJ,Bosaeus I,Forslund HB,L?nroth H,F?ndriks L,Olbers T.Changes in eating behaviour and meal pattern following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Int J Obes(Lond)2012;36:348-355[PMID:22124454 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2011.217]
60 le Roux CW,Welbourn R,Werling M,Osborne A,Kokkinos A,Laurenius A,L?nroth H,F?ndriks L,Ghatei MA,Bloom SR,Olbers T.Gut hormones as mediators of appetite and weight loss after Roux-en-Ygastric bypass.Ann Surg 2007;246:780-785[PMID:17968169 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3180caa3e3]
61 Svane MS,J?rgensen NB,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,Nielsen S,Kristiansen VB,Tor?ng S,Wewer Albrechtsen NJ,Rehfeld JF,Hartmann B,Madsbad S,Holst JJ.Peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1contribute to decreased food intake after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.Int J Obes(Lond)2016;40:1699-1706[PMID:27434221 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2016.121]
62 Cummings DE,Weigle DS,Frayo RS,Breen PA,Ma MK,Dellinger EP,Purnell JQ.Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery.N Engl J Med 2002;346:1623-1630[PMID:12023994 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa012908]
63 Faraj M,Havel PJ,Phélis S,Blank D,Sniderman AD,Cianflone K.Plasma acylation-stimulating protein,adiponectin,leptin,and ghrelin before and after weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1594-1602[PMID:12679444 DOI:10.1210/jc.2002-021309]
64 Patti ME,Houten SM,Bianco AC,Bernier R,Larsen PR,Holst JJ,Badman MK,Maratos-Flier E,Mun EC,Pihlajamaki J,Auwerx J,Goldfine AB.Serum bile acids are higher in humans with prior gastric bypass:potential contribution to improved glucose and lipid metabolism.Obesity(Silver Spring)2009;17:1671-1677[PMID:19360006 DOI:10.1038/oby.2009.102]
65 Palleja A,Kashani A,Allin KH,Nielsen T,Zhang C,Li Y,Brach T,Liang S,Feng Q,J?rgensen NB,Bojsen-M?ller KN,Dirksen C,Burgdorf KS,Holst JJ,Madsbad S,Wang J,Pedersen O,Hansen T,Arumugam M.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery of morbidly obese patients induces swift and persistent changes of the individual gut microbiota.Genome Med 2016;8:67[PMID:27306058 DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0312-1]
66 Klein S,Mittendorfer B,Eagon JC,Patterson B,Grant L,Feirt N,Seki E,Brenner D,Korenblat K,McCrea J.Gastric bypass surgery improves metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Gastroenterology 2006;130:1564-1572[PMID:16697719 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.042]
67 Viana EC,Araujo-Dasilio KL,Miguel GP,Bressan J,Lemos EM,Moyses MR,de Abreu GR,de Azevedo JL,Carvalho PS,Passos-Bueno MR,Errera FI,Bissoli NS.Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy:the same impact on IL-6 and TNF-α.Prospective clinical trial.Obes Surg 2013;23:1252-1261[PMID:23475776 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-0894-2]
68 Chavez-Tapia NC,Tellez-Avila FI,Barrientos-Gutierrez T,Mendez-Sanchez N,Lizardi-Cervera J,Uribe M.Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;CD007340[PMID:20091629 DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007340.pub2]
69 Mummadi RR,Kasturi KS,Chennareddygari S,Sood GK.Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:systematic review and meta-analysis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1396-1402[PMID:18986848 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.08.012]
70 Kral JG,Thung SN,Biron S,Hould FS,Lebel S,Marceau S,Simard S,Marceau P.Effects of surgical treatment of the metabolic syndrome on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Surgery 2004;135:48-58[PMID:14694300 DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2003.10.003]
71 Stratopoulos C,Papakonstantinou A,Terzis I,Spiliadi C,Dimitriades G,Komesidou V,Kitsanta P,Argyrakos T,Hadjiyannakis E.Changes in liver histology accompanying massive weight loss after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.Obes Surg 2005;15:1154-1160[PMID:16197789 DOI:10.1381/0960892055002239]
72 Mathurin P,Gonzalez F,Kerdraon O,Leteurtre E,Arnalsteen L,Hollebecque A,Louvet A,Dharancy S,Cocq P,Jany T,Boitard J,Deltenre P,Romon M,Pattou F.The evolution of severe steatosis after bariatric surgery is related to insulin resistance.Gastroenterology 2006;130:1617-1624[PMID:16697725 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.024]
73 Mathurin P,Hollebecque A,Arnalsteen L,Buob D,Leteurtre E,Caiazzo R,Pigeyre M,Verkindt H,Dharancy S,Louvet A,Romon M,Pattou F.Prospective study of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on liver injury in patients without advanced disease.Gastroenterology 2009;137:532-540[PMID:19409898 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.052]
74 Caiazzo R,Lassailly G,Leteurtre E,Baud G,Verkindt H,Raverdy V,Buob D,Pigeyre M,Mathurin P,Pattou F.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus adjustable gastric banding to reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a 5-year controlled longitudinal study.Ann Surg 2014;260:893-898;discussion 898-899[PMID:25379859 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000945]
75 Taitano AA,Markow M,Finan JE,Wheeler DE,Gonzalvo JP,Murr MM.Bariatric surgery improves histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis.J Gastrointest Surg 2015;19:429-436;discussion 436-437[PMID:25537957 DOI:10.1007/s11605-014-2678-y]
76 Weiner RA.Surgical treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Dig Dis 2010;28:274-279[PMID:20460923 DOI:10.1159/000282102]
77 Moretto M,Kupski C,da Silva VD,Padoin AV,Mottin CC.Effect of bariatric surgery on liver fibrosis.Obes Surg 2012;22:1044-1049[PMID:22108808 DOI:10.1007/s11695-011-0559-y]
78 Vargas V,Allende H,Lecube A,Salcedo MT,Baena-Fustegueras JA,Fort JM,Rivero J,Ferrer R,Catalán R,Pardina E,Ramón Y Cajal S,Guardia J,Peinado-Onsurbe J.Surgically induced weight loss by gastric bypass improves non alcoholic fatty liver disease in morbid obese patients.World J Hepatol 2012;4:382-388[PMID:23355916 DOI:10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.382]
79 Tai CM,Huang CK,Hwang JC,Chiang H,Chang CY,Lee CT,Yu ML,Lin JT.Improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese Chinese patients.Obes Surg 2012;22:1016-1021[PMID:22161114 DOI:10.1007/s11695-011-0579-7]
80 Praveen Raj P,Gomes RM,Kumar S,Senthilnathan P,Karthikeyan P,Shankar A,Palanivelu C.The effect of surgically induced weight loss on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese Indians:"NASHOST"prospective observational trial.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015;11:1315-1322[PMID:26003897DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2015.02.006]
81 Schneck AS,Anty R,Patouraux S,Bonnafous S,Rousseau D,Lebeaupin C,Bailly-Maitre B,Sans A,Tran A,Gugenheim J,Iannelli A,Gual P.Roux-En Y Gastric Bypass Results in Long-Term Remission of Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Hepatic Histological Features of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis.Front Physiol2016;7:344[PMID:27594839 DOI:10.3389/fphys.2016.00344]
82 Froylich D,Corcelles R,Daigle C,Boules M,Brethauer S,Schauer P.Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a comparative study.Surg Obes Relat Dis2016;12:127-131[PMID:26077701 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2015.04.004]
83 Aldoheyan T,Hassanain M,Al-Mulhim A,Al-Sabhan A,Al-Amro S,Bamehriz F,Al-Khalidi H.The effects of bariatric surgeries on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Surg Endosc 2017;31:1142-1147[PMID:27405478 DOI:10.1007/s00464-016-5082-8]
84 Manco M,Mosca A,De Peppo F,Caccamo R,Cutrera R,Giordano U,De Stefanis C,Alisi A,Baumann U,Silecchia G,Nobili V.The Benefit of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Adolescents on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatic Fibrosis.J Pediatr 2017;180:31-37.e2[PMID:27697327 DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.101]
85 Garg H,Aggarwal S,Shalimar,Yadav R,Datta Gupta S,Agarwal L,Agarwal S.Utility of transient elastography(fibroscan)and impact of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in morbidly obese patients.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018;14:81-91[PMID:29126863 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.005]
86 Aguilar-Olivos NE,Almeda-Valdes P,Aguilar-Salinas CA,Uribe M,Méndez-Sánchez N.The role of bariatric surgery in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.Metabolism 2016;65:1196-1207[PMID:26435078 DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.004]
87 Nickel F,Tapking C,Benner L,Sollors J,Billeter AT,Kenngott HG,Bokhary L,Schmid M,von Frankenberg M,Fischer L,Mueller S,Müller-Stich BP.Bariatric Surgery as an Efficient Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Prospective Study with 1-Year Follow-up:BariScan Study.Obes Surg 2018;28:1342-1350[PMID:29119336 DOI:10.1007/s11695-017-3012-z]
88 Cazzo E,Jimenez LS,Pareja JC,Chaim EA.Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease evaluated through NAFLD fibrosis score:a prospective study.Obes Surg 2015;25:982-985[PMID:25381118 DOI:10.1007/s11695-014-1489-2]
89 Jimenez LS,Mendon?a Chaim FH,Mendon?a Chaim FD,Utrini MP,Gestic MA,Chaim EA,Cazzo E.Impact of Weight Regain on the Evolution of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass:a 3-Year Follow-up.Obes Surg 2018;28:3131-3135[PMID:29725976 DOI:10.1007/s11695-018-3286-9]
90 Loy JJ,Youn HA,Schwack B,Kurian M,Ren Fielding C,Fielding GA.Improvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015;11:442-449[PMID:25820083 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2014.11.010]
91 Simo KA,McKillop IH,McMillan MT,Ahrens WA,Walters AL,Thompson KJ,Kuwada TS,Martinie JB,Iannitti DA,Gersin KS,Sindram D.Does a calculated"NAFLD fibrosis score"reliably negate the need for liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery?Obes Surg 2014;24:15-21[PMID:23934335 DOI:10.1007/s11695-013-1044-6]
92 Naveau S,Lamouri K,Pourcher G,Njiké-Nakseu M,Ferretti S,Courie R,Tranchart H,Ghinoiu M,Balian A,Prévot S,Perlemuter G,Dagher I.The diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in bariatric surgery candidates with suspected NAFLD.Obes Surg 2014;24:1693-1701[PMID:24841950 DOI:10.1007/s11695-014-1235-9]
93 Fjeldborg K,Pedersen SB,M?ller HJ,Richelsen B.Reduction in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 after gastric bypass is related to changes in hepatic fat content.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017;13:1515-1523[PMID:28552744 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.033]
94 Hedderich DM,Hasenberg T,Haneder S,Schoenberg SO,Kücükoglu?,Canbay A,Otto M.Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is an Effective,Non-invasive Method to Evaluate Changes in the Liver Fat Fraction.Obes Surg 2017;27:1755-1762[PMID:28064372 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2531-3]
95 Jiménez-Agüero R,Emparanza JI,Beguiristain A,Bujanda L,Alustiza JM,García E,Hijona E,Gallego L,Sánchez-González J,Perugorria MJ,Asensio JI,Larburu S,Garmendia M,Larzabal M,Portillo MP,Aguirre L,Banales JM.Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI:diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.BMC Med2014;12:137[PMID:25164060 DOI:10.1186/s12916-014-0137-y]
96 Ruiz-Tovar J,Alsina ME,Alpera MR;OBELCHE Group.Improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients after sleeve gastrectomy:association of ultrasonographic findings with lipid profile and liver enzymes.Acta Chir Belg 2017;117:363-369[PMID:28585487 DOI:10.1080/00015458.2017.1334858]
97 Algooneh A,Almazeedi S,Al-Sabah S,Ahmed M,Othman F.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease resolution following sleeve gastrectomy.Surg Endosc 2016;30:1983-1987[PMID:26194256 DOI:10.1007/s00464-015-4426-0]
98 Giannetti M,Piaggi P,Ceccarini G,Mazzeo S,Querci G,Fierabracci P,Salvetti G,Galli G,Ricco I,Martinelli S,Di Salvo C,Anselmino M,Landi A,Vitti P,Pinchera A,Santini F.Hepatic left lobe volume is a sensitive index of metabolic improvement in obese women after gastric banding.Int J Obes(Lond)2012;36:336-341[PMID:22143620 DOI:10.1038/ijo.2011.243]
99 Major P,P?dziwiatr M,Rubinkiewicz M,Stanek M,G?uszewska A,Pisarska M,Ma?czak P,Budzyński A,Budzyński P.Impact of bariatric surgery on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Pol Przegl Chir 2017;89:1-4[PMID:28537562 DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0009.6003]
100 Winder JS,Dudeck BS,Schock S,Lyn-Sue JR,Haluck RS,Rogers AM.Radiographic Improvement of Hepatic Steatosis After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.Obes Surg 2017;27:376-380[PMID:27440167 DOI:10.1007/s11695-016-2299-5]
101 Alizai PH,Wendl J,Roeth AA,Klink CD,Luedde T,Steinhoff I,Neumann UP,Schmeding M,Ulmer F.Functional Liver Recovery After Bariatric Surgery--a Prospective Cohort Study with the LiMAx Test.Obes Surg 2015;25:2047-2053[PMID:25869925 DOI:10.1007/s11695-015-1664-0]
102 Gribsholt SB,Thomsen RW,Svensson E,Richelsen B.Overall and cause-specific mortality after Rouxen-Y gastric bypass surgery:A nationwide cohort study.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017;13:581-587[PMID:27876334 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2016.10.007]
103 Goossens N,Hoshida Y,Song WM,Jung M,Morel P,Nakagawa S,Zhang B,Frossard JL,Spahr L,Friedman SL,Negro F,Rubbia-Brandt L,Giostra E.Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:1619-1628[PMID:26492845 DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.10.010]
104 Rebibo L,Gerin O,Verhaeghe P,Dhahri A,Cosse C,Regimbeau JM.Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis:a case-matched study.Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;10:405-10;quiz565[PMID:24355322 DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2013.09.015]