干旱区土壤盐分积累过程研究进展
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摘要
中国干旱区盐碱化土壤面积大,分布广,盐碱化作为土壤退化的一个重要方面,已严重影响了农业经济的可持续发展。中国作为土壤盐碱化危害最严重的国家之一,盐分的聚积及影响一直是干旱区研究的热点问题,全面开展土壤盐碱化的防治任重而道远。本文在分析干旱区土壤盐碱化的监测技术与方法的基础上,从土地利用、灌溉方式、自然环境因子等3个方面,综述了土壤盐分积累与运移过程及其影响因素,并认为:在盐碱化土地改良方面,应综合考虑各灌区的不同因素,探求既环保又经济的最佳组合改良模式;而在耐盐植物的筛选方面,应加强培育高效的土壤盐分改良植物。针对土壤盐分运移过程,提出了在流域或景观尺度上研究绿洲盐分运移过程的展望,以期为干旱区土壤盐碱化的防治和管理提供参考。
Soil salinization land is widely distributed in the dry regions of China. Salinization,as one of the main aspects of soil degradation,has important impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. As one of the countries most seriously threatened by salinization,China needs to pay more attention to the prevention and control of soil salinization. We summarized the technologies and methods of soil salinization monitoring,and analyzed the effects of land use,irrigation,and natural environmental factors on soil salt accumulation and migration processes. In the aspect of prevention and control of soil salinization,we should comprehensively consider the different factors in each irrigation basin and explore the best combination model to improve salinized soil at the balance of environmental protection and economic cost. Furthermore,we should strengthen screening and cultivation of more suitable and efficient salt-tolerant plants. We proposed the future research directions of salt transport processes at river basin or landscape scale,to provide reference for the prevention and management of soil salinization in arid regions.
Soil salinization land is widely distributed in the dry regions of China. Salinization,as one of the main aspects of soil degradation,has important impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. As one of the countries most seriously threatened by salinization,China needs to pay more attention to the prevention and control of soil salinization. We summarized the technologies and methods of soil salinization monitoring,and analyzed the effects of land use,irrigation,and natural environmental factors on soil salt accumulation and migration processes. In the aspect of prevention and control of soil salinization,we should comprehensively consider the different factors in each irrigation basin and explore the best combination model to improve salinized soil at the balance of environmental protection and economic cost. Furthermore,we should strengthen screening and cultivation of more suitable and efficient salt-tolerant plants. We proposed the future research directions of salt transport processes at river basin or landscape scale,to provide reference for the prevention and management of soil salinization in arid regions.
引文
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郭全恩,王益权,马忠明,等.2011.植被类型对土壤剖面盐分离子迁移与累积的影响.中国农业科学,44(13):2711-2720.
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