钙离子胁迫对3种牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
以白车轴草、紫云英、紫花苜蓿种子为材料,通过测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、恢复萌发率等指标,研究钙离子浓度对3种牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以期为喀斯特地区牧草栽培提供科学参考。研究结果表明:1)低浓度钙离子胁迫(0～0.09 mol·L~(-1))对3种牧草种子发芽影响有限,而高浓度钙离子胁迫(0.12～0.15 mol·L~(-1))能够明显抑制3种牧草种子萌发,且低浓度钙离子(0.03 mol·L~(-1))胁迫可以促进紫花苜蓿种子萌发; 2)白车轴草、紫云英和紫花苜蓿种子发芽指数均随钙离子浓度增加逐渐减小; 3) 3种牧草种子的恢复萌发率表现为紫花苜蓿>紫云英>白车轴草; 4)钙离子浓度明显抑制3种牧草幼苗的生长,低浓度钙离子(0.03 mol·L~(-1))有利于紫花苜蓿幼苗生长。可见,紫花苜蓿对高钙环境的适应能力要好于白车轴草和紫云英,是喀斯特地区较为适宜的栽培牧草品种。
In this experiment, the seeds of Trifolium repens L., Astragalus sinicus L. and Medicago sativa L. were used as materials, and the effects of calcium ion concentration on seed germination and seedling growth of the three forage seeds were studied by measuring the germination rate,germination potential, germination index, and restoring germination rate,with a view to provide scientific reference for forage cultivation in the karst region. The results showed that 1) low-concentration calcium stress(0-0.09 mol·L~(-1)) had limited effects on the germination of three forage seeds,while high-concentration calcium stress(0.12-0.15 mol·L~(-1)) significantly inhibited the germination of three forage seeds,and the low concentration of calcium ions.(0.03 mol·L~(-1)) stress could promote seed germination of Medicago sativa. 2) The germination index of Trifolium repens,Astragalus sinicus and Medicago sativa decreased gradually with the increase of calcium ion concentration. 3) The recovery germination rates of the three grass seeds were as follows:Medicago sativa > Astragalus sinicus > Trifolium repens. 4) The calcium concentration significantly inhibited the early growth of the three forage seedlings,and the low concentration of calcium ions(0.03 mol·L~(-1)) was beneficial to the growth of Medicago sativa seedlings.Totally,the Medicago sativa of adaptability to high-calcium environment is better than that of Trifolium repens and Astragalus sinicus and it is a suitable cultivated pasture variety in karst area.
In this experiment, the seeds of Trifolium repens L., Astragalus sinicus L. and Medicago sativa L. were used as materials, and the effects of calcium ion concentration on seed germination and seedling growth of the three forage seeds were studied by measuring the germination rate,germination potential, germination index, and restoring germination rate,with a view to provide scientific reference for forage cultivation in the karst region. The results showed that 1) low-concentration calcium stress(0-0.09 mol·L~(-1)) had limited effects on the germination of three forage seeds,while high-concentration calcium stress(0.12-0.15 mol·L~(-1)) significantly inhibited the germination of three forage seeds,and the low concentration of calcium ions.(0.03 mol·L~(-1)) stress could promote seed germination of Medicago sativa. 2) The germination index of Trifolium repens,Astragalus sinicus and Medicago sativa decreased gradually with the increase of calcium ion concentration. 3) The recovery germination rates of the three grass seeds were as follows:Medicago sativa > Astragalus sinicus > Trifolium repens. 4) The calcium concentration significantly inhibited the early growth of the three forage seedlings,and the low concentration of calcium ions(0.03 mol·L~(-1)) was beneficial to the growth of Medicago sativa seedlings.Totally,the Medicago sativa of adaptability to high-calcium environment is better than that of Trifolium repens and Astragalus sinicus and it is a suitable cultivated pasture variety in karst area.
引文
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[23]刘佳,徐昌旭,曹卫东,等.PEG胁迫下15份紫云英种质材料萌发期的抗旱性鉴定[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):18-25.
[24]宋庆云,黄圣,吕艳伟.盐碱胁迫对白榆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2018,37(7):15-18.
[25]Cai H,Gao D.Hong Cai,Ding Gao.Phytotoxicity of salts in composted sewage sludge and correlation with sodium chloride,calcium nitrate,and magnesium nitrate[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2011,34(12):1788-1796.
[26]刘小丽,石亚男,李盼,等.钙离子处理对香椿种子萌发及生理特征的影响[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自科版),2016,33(4):53-57.
[27]黄振英,张新时,GUTTERMAN Y,等.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-580.
[28]吕朝燕,张希明,吕薇,等.梭梭种子萌发对干旱和盐分胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2016(1):55-60.
[29]UNGAR I A.Seed germination and seed-bank ecology in halophytes[A].In:Kigel J,Galili G(eds).Seed Development and Germination[C].New York:Marcel Dekker,1995,599-628.
[30]檀龙颜,马洪娜.植物响应钙离子胁迫的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2017(7):1150-1158.
[31]Shoey K,Antonio N G,Valdemar A D,et al.Effect of Calcium on the in vitro Growth of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Smith Plantlets[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(5):867-877.
[32]Al-Whaibi M H,Siddiqui MH,Al-Amri A,et al.Performance of faba bean under calcium and gibberellic acid application[J].The International Journal of Developmental Biology,2010,4(1):60-63.
[2]Al-Whaibi MH,Siddiqui MH,Al-Amri A,et al.Performance of faba bean under calcium and gibberellic acid application[J].The International Journal of Developmental Biology,2010,4(1):60-63.
[3]Gilliham M,Dayod M,Hocking BJ,et al.Calcium delivery and storage in plant leaves:exploring the link with water slow[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(7):2233-2250.
[4]Dodd A N,Kudla J,Sanders D.The Language of Calcium Signaling[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2010,61(1):593-620.
[5]Dayod M,Tyerman S D,Leigh R A,et al.Calcium storage in plants and the implications for calcium biofortification.[J].Protoplasma,2010,247(3-4):215-231.
[6]Hirschi K D.The calcium conundrum.Both versatile nutrient and specific signal[J].Plant Physiology,2004,136(1):2438-2442.
[7]Schaberg P G,Minocha R,Long S,et al.Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest increases the capacity for stress tolerance and carbon capture in red spruce (Picea rubens) trees during the cold season[J].Trees,2011,25(6):1053-1061.
[8]薛延丰,刘兆普.钙离子对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗的生长、生理反应和光合能力的影响理论[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):44-47.
[9]蔡喜悦,陈晓德,李朝政,等.干旱胁迫下外源钙对石灰岩地区复羽叶栾树种子萌发的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1341-1346.
[10]何龙飞,沈振国,刘友良.铝胁迫下钙对小麦根液泡膜功能和膜脂组成的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2000,23(1):10-13.
[11]戴高兴,彭克勤,皮灿辉.钙对植物耐盐性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(3):97-101.
[12]White P J,Broadley M R.Calcium in plants.[J].Annals of Botany,2003,92(4):487-511.
[13]Smith R K,Bent A F,Sussman M R.A Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel,CNGC 2,Is Crucial for Plant Development and Adaptation to Calcium Stress[J].Plant Physiology,2003,132(2):728-731.
[14]吴妙,宋高佳,徐梦琴,等.镧浸种对盐胁迫下花椰菜种子活力和幼苗光合色素含量的影响[J].种子,2015,34(6):40-42.
[15]Wu G,Li M,Zhong F,et al.Lonicera confusa has an anatomical mechanism to respond to calcium-rich environment[J].Plant & Soil,2011,338(1-2):343-353.
[16]曹建华,袁道先,章程,等.受地质条件制约的中国西南岩溶生态系统[J].地球与环境,2004,32(1):1-8.
[17]Wang S,Ji H,Ouyang Z,et al.Preliminary study on weathering and pedogenesis of carbonate rock[J].Science in China,1999,42(6):572-581.
[18]袁道先.全球岩溶生态系统对比:科学目标和执行计划[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(4):461-466.
[19]曹建华,袁道先,潘根兴.岩溶生态系统中的土壤[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):37-44.
[20]谢丽萍,王世杰,肖德安.喀斯特小流域植被-土壤系统钙的协变关系研究[J].地球与环境,2007,35(1):26-32.
[21]沈振荣,杨万仁,徐秀梅.不同盐分胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2006,25(4):34-37.
[22]吴楠,王飞,田治国,等.NaCl胁迫对变异紫叶三叶草种子萌发及保护酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(2):117-122.
[23]刘佳,徐昌旭,曹卫东,等.PEG胁迫下15份紫云英种质材料萌发期的抗旱性鉴定[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):18-25.
[24]宋庆云,黄圣,吕艳伟.盐碱胁迫对白榆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2018,37(7):15-18.
[25]Cai H,Gao D.Hong Cai,Ding Gao.Phytotoxicity of salts in composted sewage sludge and correlation with sodium chloride,calcium nitrate,and magnesium nitrate[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2011,34(12):1788-1796.
[26]刘小丽,石亚男,李盼,等.钙离子处理对香椿种子萌发及生理特征的影响[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自科版),2016,33(4):53-57.
[27]黄振英,张新时,GUTTERMAN Y,等.光照、温度和盐分对梭梭种子萌发的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27(3):275-580.
[28]吕朝燕,张希明,吕薇,等.梭梭种子萌发对干旱和盐分胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2016(1):55-60.
[29]UNGAR I A.Seed germination and seed-bank ecology in halophytes[A].In:Kigel J,Galili G(eds).Seed Development and Germination[C].New York:Marcel Dekker,1995,599-628.
[30]檀龙颜,马洪娜.植物响应钙离子胁迫的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2017(7):1150-1158.
[31]Shoey K,Antonio N G,Valdemar A D,et al.Effect of Calcium on the in vitro Growth of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Smith Plantlets[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(5):867-877.
[32]Al-Whaibi M H,Siddiqui MH,Al-Amri A,et al.Performance of faba bean under calcium and gibberellic acid application[J].The International Journal of Developmental Biology,2010,4(1):60-63.