延安市宝塔区治沟造地工程的分布规律
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摘要
[目的]研究延安市宝塔区治沟造地工程的分布规律以及影响因素,为之后的治沟工程提供科学方法和治理思路。[方法]基于高精度遥感影像和无人机航拍影像的目视解译,采用数理统计法和量化分析法,通过不同指标研究治沟造地工程的分布规律及影响因素。[结果]①在研究区内统计的31个流域中,17个流域治沟率在30%以上,随着流域平均高程增加各单流域治沟率呈线性增加;②统计单个流域内治理工程244个高程标记点的高程率,186个高程率大于0.38;③统计32个居民点的高程率,23个高程率低于0.4。[结论]治沟造地工程在整个研究区流域内的上游分布较多,下游分布较少;单个流域中治理工程多位于各个流域的中上游;坡度对治沟造地工程有影响,治理工程多分布于坡度本身缓和的支沟中;研究区内居民点的高程率较低,多分布于流域的下游,治沟造地工程对居民的生活区域没有大规模影响。
[Objective] This paper studied the distribution rule and influencing factors of the governing valleys project in the Baota District of Yan'an City in order to provide scientific methods and management ideas for the later governing valleys project. [Methods] Based on the high-precision remote sensing image and the aerial interpretation of the aerial image of the drone, the mathematical statistics method and the quantitative analysis method were used to study the distribution rule and influencing factors of the governing valleys project through different indicators. [Results] ① In the 31 basins counted in the study area, the gully rate of 17 river basins was 30% or more, and the gully rate of each single basin increased linearly with the increase of the average elevation of the basin; ② The elevation rate of 244 elevation points in the governance project in a single watershed was counted, and 186 elevation ratios were greater than 0.38; ③ The elevation rate of 32 settlements was counted, and the 23 elevation rates were below 0.4. [Conclusion] The trench governing valleys project is distributed more upstream in the basin of the study area, and the downstream distribution is less; the governance projects in a single basin are mostly located in the middle and upper reaches of each basin; the slope has an impact on the governing valleys project, and the governance projects are mostly distributed in the branch ditch where the slope itself is moderated. The elevation rate of the residential area in the study area is relatively low, and it is mostly distributed in the downstream of the river basin. The governing valleys project has no large-scale impact on the living area of the residents.
[Objective] This paper studied the distribution rule and influencing factors of the governing valleys project in the Baota District of Yan'an City in order to provide scientific methods and management ideas for the later governing valleys project. [Methods] Based on the high-precision remote sensing image and the aerial interpretation of the aerial image of the drone, the mathematical statistics method and the quantitative analysis method were used to study the distribution rule and influencing factors of the governing valleys project through different indicators. [Results] ① In the 31 basins counted in the study area, the gully rate of 17 river basins was 30% or more, and the gully rate of each single basin increased linearly with the increase of the average elevation of the basin; ② The elevation rate of 244 elevation points in the governance project in a single watershed was counted, and 186 elevation ratios were greater than 0.38; ③ The elevation rate of 32 settlements was counted, and the 23 elevation rates were below 0.4. [Conclusion] The trench governing valleys project is distributed more upstream in the basin of the study area, and the downstream distribution is less; the governance projects in a single basin are mostly located in the middle and upper reaches of each basin; the slope has an impact on the governing valleys project, and the governance projects are mostly distributed in the branch ditch where the slope itself is moderated. The elevation rate of the residential area in the study area is relatively low, and it is mostly distributed in the downstream of the river basin. The governing valleys project has no large-scale impact on the living area of the residents.
引文
[1] 卫丹妮.浅谈治沟造地在山西土地整治项目中的应用:以临汾市治沟造地为例[J].华北国土资源,2017(5):82-83.
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[12] 雷娜,韩霁昌,高红贝,等.延安治沟造地工程水资源调控与利用分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(5):26-30.
[13] 袁延西,王军尚.浅谈陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区的节水灌溉模式:以南泥湾治沟造地为例[J].农业与技术,2015(17):52-54.
[14] 梁卫东,杨萍.加强治沟造地工程植被恢复及坡面水土保持工作[J].科技创新与应用,2017(18):147-147.
[15] Zegeye A D,Langendoen E J,Tilahun S A,et al.Root reinforcement to soils provided by common ethiopian highland plants for gully erosion control[J].Ecohydrology,2018:e1940.
[16] Wu Y,Hong C,Valentin C,et al.Monitoring of gully erosion on the Loess Plateau of China using a Global Positioning System[J].Catena,2005,63(2):154-166.
[17] Valentin C,Poesen J,Li Y.Gully erosion:impacts,factors and control[J].Catena,2005,63(2/3):132-153.
[18] Strahler A N.Hypsometric(area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63(11):111-117.
[2] 刘彦随,陈宗峰,李裕瑞,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区饲料油菜种植试验及其产业化前景:以延安治沟造地典型项目区为例[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2065-2074.
[3] 王光东.延安市治沟造地工程建设管理存在的问题及思考[J].陕西水利,2014(S1):104-105.
[4] 陈超.延安市治沟造地效益评价与分析[J].河南农业,2017.
[5] 贺春雄.延安在治沟造地基础上如何发展现代农业[J].延安大学学报:社会科学版,2013,35(3):60-63.
[6] 陈怡平,骆世明,李凤民,等.对延安黄土沟壑区农业可持续发展的建议[J].地球环境学报,2015(5):265-269.
[7] 贺春雄.延安治沟造地工程的现状、特点及作用[J].地球环境学报,2015,6(4):255-260.
[8] 董起广,陈田庆,高红贝,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区治沟造地中的问题及技术措施[J].甘肃科技,2017(22):137-140.
[9] 唐克丽,张科利,雷阿林.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报,1998(2):200-203.
[10] 张春生,李飞.中华人民共和国行政许可法释义[M].北京:法律出版社,2003.
[11] Nyssen J,Veyret P M,Poesen J,et al.The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J].Soil Use & Management,2010,20(1):55-64.
[12] 雷娜,韩霁昌,高红贝,等.延安治沟造地工程水资源调控与利用分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(5):26-30.
[13] 袁延西,王军尚.浅谈陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区的节水灌溉模式:以南泥湾治沟造地为例[J].农业与技术,2015(17):52-54.
[14] 梁卫东,杨萍.加强治沟造地工程植被恢复及坡面水土保持工作[J].科技创新与应用,2017(18):147-147.
[15] Zegeye A D,Langendoen E J,Tilahun S A,et al.Root reinforcement to soils provided by common ethiopian highland plants for gully erosion control[J].Ecohydrology,2018:e1940.
[16] Wu Y,Hong C,Valentin C,et al.Monitoring of gully erosion on the Loess Plateau of China using a Global Positioning System[J].Catena,2005,63(2):154-166.
[17] Valentin C,Poesen J,Li Y.Gully erosion:impacts,factors and control[J].Catena,2005,63(2/3):132-153.
[18] Strahler A N.Hypsometric(area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63(11):111-117.