土壤pH对活血丹生理特性及其药材品质的影响
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摘要
为确定活血丹适宜种植区、完善活血丹种植技术、保障药材品质,以野生活血丹扦插苗为试验材料,用外源NaOH和H_2SO_4调节土壤pH,通过盆栽试验,研究不同土壤pH(4.5、5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5、9.5)条件下,活血丹植株生长、生理特性及其药材品质差异。结果表明:活血丹在pH 4.5～8.5能正常生长,在pH 9.5土壤中不能存活;在pH 4.5～8.5范围内,活血丹生长指标包括叶长、叶宽、节间距、节间数、茎长以及干物质积累量均呈先增后降的趋势,在pH 6.5达到峰值;活血丹叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶绿素含量先增后降,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、丙二醛含量先降后增;活血丹药材醇溶性浸出物含量均大于250mg/g,符合药典标准;活血丹药材总黄酮、齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量变化趋势与生长指标一致,峰值出现在pH 6.5时,分别为15.73、0.71和2.87 mg/g;绿原酸和咖啡酸含量在pH 6.5～8.5之间无显著差异,整体高于其他pH处理;迷迭香酸含量在pH 7.5最高,为2.26 mg/g。土壤pH对活血丹生长、生理特性及其药材品质影响显著,中性或微酸性土壤利于活血丹的生长及其药材品质形成。
In order to determine the suitable cultivation area, improve the cultivation technology and guarantee the medicinal quality of G. longituba, the effects of soil pH(4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5) on growth, physiological characteristics and medicinal quality of G. longituba were studied with exogenous NaOH and H_2SO_4 as pH regulators. The results showed that G. longotuba could grow normally in soil with pH from 4.5 to 8.5, but could not survive in soil with pH 9.5. The growth indicators of G. longituba including leaf length, leaf width, pitch interval, internode number, stem length and dry matter accumulation increased initially and then decreased when soil pH varied from 4.5 to 8.5, peaking at pH 6.5. The activities of SOD,POD, CAT and the content of chlorophyll in G. longituba leaves were first increased and then decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and malondialdehyde in G. lngituba leaves were reduced initially, and then increased. The contents of ethanol-soluble extractives were greater than 250 mg/g, conforming to the quality criterion in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The variation trend of total flavonoids, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid contents of G. longituba were similar to those of growth indexes; the highest contents of total flavone, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were appeared in pH 6.5, with the contents of 15.73, 0.71 and 2.87 mg/g, respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid in pH 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 treatments showed no significant difference, but generally higher than other treatments. The highest content of rosmarinic acid(2.26 mg/g) was observed in pH 7.5 treatment. It is concluded that soil pH has significant influence on growth, physiological characteristics and medicinal quality of G. longituba, and neutral or slightly acidic soil is conducive to the growth and the medicinal quality of G. longituba.
In order to determine the suitable cultivation area, improve the cultivation technology and guarantee the medicinal quality of G. longituba, the effects of soil pH(4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5) on growth, physiological characteristics and medicinal quality of G. longituba were studied with exogenous NaOH and H_2SO_4 as pH regulators. The results showed that G. longotuba could grow normally in soil with pH from 4.5 to 8.5, but could not survive in soil with pH 9.5. The growth indicators of G. longituba including leaf length, leaf width, pitch interval, internode number, stem length and dry matter accumulation increased initially and then decreased when soil pH varied from 4.5 to 8.5, peaking at pH 6.5. The activities of SOD,POD, CAT and the content of chlorophyll in G. longituba leaves were first increased and then decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and malondialdehyde in G. lngituba leaves were reduced initially, and then increased. The contents of ethanol-soluble extractives were greater than 250 mg/g, conforming to the quality criterion in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The variation trend of total flavonoids, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid contents of G. longituba were similar to those of growth indexes; the highest contents of total flavone, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were appeared in pH 6.5, with the contents of 15.73, 0.71 and 2.87 mg/g, respectively. The contents of chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid in pH 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 treatments showed no significant difference, but generally higher than other treatments. The highest content of rosmarinic acid(2.26 mg/g) was observed in pH 7.5 treatment. It is concluded that soil pH has significant influence on growth, physiological characteristics and medicinal quality of G. longituba, and neutral or slightly acidic soil is conducive to the growth and the medicinal quality of G. longituba.
引文
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[10]崔喜艳,陈展宇,张美善,等.土壤pH值对烤烟叶片生理生化特性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(6):737-740
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[12]崔秀明,陈中坚,王朝梁,等.土壤环境条件对三七皂甙含量的影响[J].人参研究,2000,12(3):18-21
[13]雷立,任宏力,李惠民,等.商洛不同产地连翘有效成分含量与土壤因子的相关性研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(05):55-57,61
[14]毛玉东,梁社往,何忠俊,等.土壤pH对滇重楼生长、养分含量和总皂甙含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):985-989
[15]孔璐,黎云祥,权秋梅,等.不同群落类型柔毛淫羊藿总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量及其与土壤因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2517-2522
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[18]金淑琴.金钱草、广金钱草、连钱草的考证及临床应用[J].首都医药,2001,8(11):54
[19]李建兵.连钱草泡服为主防治胆道结石术后复发[J].江西中医药,2004,35(3):21
[20]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[21]喻崎雯,马祖陆,伊文超,等.不同土壤pH对普通野生稻生理特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(2):473-475,478
[22]康洪梅,张珊珊,杨文忠,等.土壤pH值对极小种群毛枝五针松生理特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(6):4-6,10
[23]乔红波,张慧,高瑞,等.三门峡烟区土壤pH时空变异特征[J].中国烟草科学,2010,31(4):48-51
[24]赵静,沈向,李欣,等.梨园土壤pH值与其有效养分相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2009(11):5-8
[25]Wen A M,Delaquis P,Stanich K,et al.Antilisterial activity of selected phenolic acids[J].Food Microbiology,2003,20(3):305-311
[26]Orban Z,Mitsiades N,Burke T R,et al.Caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces leukocyte apoptosis,modulates nuclear factor-kappa B and suppress acute inflammation[J].Neurolmmuno Modulation,2000,7(2):99-105
[27]周丹,刘艾林,杜冠华.迷迭香酸的药理学研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2011,20(7):594-598
[28]朱求方,王永毅,瞿海斌.连钱草的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2013,44(4):387-390
[29]刘丽,李姿,马雪莲,等.外源水杨酸处理对活血丹中次生代谢产物积累的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(3):379-385
[30]黄天赐.不同产地连钱草药材质量分析和比较的研究[D].武汉:湖北中医药大学,2013
[31]尚辛亥,王洋,阎秀峰.土壤水分对高山红景天生长和红景天苷含量的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(4):335-336
[32]许兴,郑国琦,周涛,等.宁夏枸杞耐盐性与生理生化特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(3):74-77
[2]唐琨,朱伟文,周文新,等.土壤pH对植物生长发育影响的研究进展[J].作物研究,2013,27(2):207-212
[3]任广炼,李凌.不同p H值处理对黄连木幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州林业科技,2014,42(4):17-20
[4]卿尚模,易时来,朱旭荣,等.不同土壤pH值对资阳香橙等4种柑桔砧木苗生长的影响[J].中国南方果树,2007,36(6):10-12
[5]皇甫诗男,高庆玉,张丙秀,等.不同土壤pH对蓝莓光合作用的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(13):31-37
[6]刘爽,王庆成,刘亚丽,等.土壤酸度对脂松苗木光合和叶绿素荧光的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2905-2910
[7]孙晓刚,王莉莉,郭太君.土壤pH值对3个牡丹品种的生长及光合特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):42-46
[8]伍杰,刘燕云,兰常军,等.土壤pH值对康定木兰幼苗生长的影响[J].四川林业科技,2017,38(3):88-92
[9]吴泽富,周运超,张静,等.粗壮女贞(苦丁茶)生理特性对pH胁迫的响应[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(1):47-50
[10]崔喜艳,陈展宇,张美善,等.土壤pH值对烤烟叶片生理生化特性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(6):737-740
[11]冯建灿,邓建钦,张玉洁,等.培养液pH值对喜树幼苗生长与SOD活性、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2001,19(3):6-8
[12]崔秀明,陈中坚,王朝梁,等.土壤环境条件对三七皂甙含量的影响[J].人参研究,2000,12(3):18-21
[13]雷立,任宏力,李惠民,等.商洛不同产地连翘有效成分含量与土壤因子的相关性研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(05):55-57,61
[14]毛玉东,梁社往,何忠俊,等.土壤pH对滇重楼生长、养分含量和总皂甙含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):985-989
[15]孔璐,黎云祥,权秋梅,等.不同群落类型柔毛淫羊藿总黄酮和淫羊藿苷含量及其与土壤因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2517-2522
[16]银玲,彭月,陈鸿平,等.川芎有效成分与土壤营养值相关性研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(24):121-125
[17]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:170
[18]金淑琴.金钱草、广金钱草、连钱草的考证及临床应用[J].首都医药,2001,8(11):54
[19]李建兵.连钱草泡服为主防治胆道结石术后复发[J].江西中医药,2004,35(3):21
[20]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[21]喻崎雯,马祖陆,伊文超,等.不同土壤pH对普通野生稻生理特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(2):473-475,478
[22]康洪梅,张珊珊,杨文忠,等.土壤pH值对极小种群毛枝五针松生理特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(6):4-6,10
[23]乔红波,张慧,高瑞,等.三门峡烟区土壤pH时空变异特征[J].中国烟草科学,2010,31(4):48-51
[24]赵静,沈向,李欣,等.梨园土壤pH值与其有效养分相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2009(11):5-8
[25]Wen A M,Delaquis P,Stanich K,et al.Antilisterial activity of selected phenolic acids[J].Food Microbiology,2003,20(3):305-311
[26]Orban Z,Mitsiades N,Burke T R,et al.Caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces leukocyte apoptosis,modulates nuclear factor-kappa B and suppress acute inflammation[J].Neurolmmuno Modulation,2000,7(2):99-105
[27]周丹,刘艾林,杜冠华.迷迭香酸的药理学研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2011,20(7):594-598
[28]朱求方,王永毅,瞿海斌.连钱草的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2013,44(4):387-390
[29]刘丽,李姿,马雪莲,等.外源水杨酸处理对活血丹中次生代谢产物积累的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(3):379-385
[30]黄天赐.不同产地连钱草药材质量分析和比较的研究[D].武汉:湖北中医药大学,2013
[31]尚辛亥,王洋,阎秀峰.土壤水分对高山红景天生长和红景天苷含量的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(4):335-336
[32]许兴,郑国琦,周涛,等.宁夏枸杞耐盐性与生理生化特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(3):74-77