兰州肉苁蓉营养吸收和营养繁殖方式的新发现
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摘要
【目的】研究兰州肉苁蓉营养繁殖茎与寄主植物红砂的寄生机制。【方法】对兰州肉苁蓉的营养繁殖茎进行形态学观察,比较其与同属植物形态结构的差异,并结合石蜡切片法分析其功能。【结果】兰州肉苁蓉具有特殊的"营养繁殖茎(Vegetative propagate stem)",其从寄主红砂吸收营养物质具有2种方式:末端寄生方式和非末端寄生方式。末端寄生时膨大的营养繁殖茎将红砂根末端封闭包围,并侵入红砂根的木质部和韧皮部;非末端寄生时营养繁殖茎不膨大,其在与寄主根的接触部分与寄主发生连接,营养繁殖茎只与寄主根的韧皮部发生连接。营养繁殖茎的表面生长出芽体,形成营养繁殖体。【结论】兰州肉苁蓉的营养繁殖茎具有吸收营养和进行营养繁殖的功能。
【Objective】This paper studied the parasitic mechanism of vegetative propagate stem of Cistanche lanzhouensis and its host Reaumuria soongarica.【Method】Morphological observation on vegetative propagate stem of Cistanche lanzhouensis was conducted.Its structure was compared with other Cistanche Hoffmg plants,and its function was analyzed using paraffin section method.【Result】C.lanzhouensis had special vegetative propagate stem with two ways of absorbing nutrition fromR.soongaricaroots:end parasitic and non-end parasitic methods.Vegetative propagate stem terminal expanded and surround the end part of R.soongaricaroot closely in the pattern of end parasitic,and broke into the xylem and phloem of R.soongaricaroots.Vegetative propagate stem did not expand in non-end parasitic pattern,and the connection took place in the contact part between vegetative propagate stem and phloem of R.soongaricaroots.C.lanzhouensis buds grow out from surface of vegetative propagate stem and then became propagules.【Conclusion】The vegetative propagate stem of C.lanzhouensis had the functions of nutrition absorption and vegetative propagation.
【Objective】This paper studied the parasitic mechanism of vegetative propagate stem of Cistanche lanzhouensis and its host Reaumuria soongarica.【Method】Morphological observation on vegetative propagate stem of Cistanche lanzhouensis was conducted.Its structure was compared with other Cistanche Hoffmg plants,and its function was analyzed using paraffin section method.【Result】C.lanzhouensis had special vegetative propagate stem with two ways of absorbing nutrition fromR.soongaricaroots:end parasitic and non-end parasitic methods.Vegetative propagate stem terminal expanded and surround the end part of R.soongaricaroot closely in the pattern of end parasitic,and broke into the xylem and phloem of R.soongaricaroots.Vegetative propagate stem did not expand in non-end parasitic pattern,and the connection took place in the contact part between vegetative propagate stem and phloem of R.soongaricaroots.C.lanzhouensis buds grow out from surface of vegetative propagate stem and then became propagules.【Conclusion】The vegetative propagate stem of C.lanzhouensis had the functions of nutrition absorption and vegetative propagation.
引文
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[10]包斌,唐晓阳,田宏,等.管花肉苁蓉提取物的抗氧化活性研究[J].上海中医药杂志,2010,44(2):68-71.Bao B,Tang X Y,Tian H,et al.Antioxidant activity of extracts from desertliving Cistanche tubulosa(Schrenk)R.Wright[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2010,44(2):68-71.
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[12]朱旭江,贺军权,杜兴,等.兰州肉苁蓉HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].中国药房,2011,22(47):4477-4480.Zhu X J,He J Q,Du X,et al.Study on HPLC fingerprints of Cistanche lanzhouensis[J].China Pharmacy,2011,22(47):4477-4480.
[13]张贵财,朱旭江,杜兴,等.HPLC法测定兰州肉苁蓉中毛蕊花糖苷的含量[J].中国药事,2010,24(8):801-803.Zhang G C,Zhu X J,Du X,et al.Determination of verbascoside in Cistanche lanzhouensis by HPLC[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs,2010,24(8):801-803.
[14]李广全,李萍,王君,等.兰州肉苁蓉药效学实验研究[J].中兽医医药杂志,2006,25(5):40-41.Li G Q,Li P,Wang J,et al.The experimental study about pharmacodynamics of Cistanche lanzhouensis[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,2006,25(5):40-41.
[15]兰州市地方志编纂委员会,兰州市自然地理志编纂委员会.兰州市志:第2卷.自然地理志[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1998:1-2.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Lanzhou,Natural Geography Compilation Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou City:Vol.2.Natural geography[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,1998:1-2.
[16]武利玉,苏世平,王蕙.兰州南北两山绿化区植物与植被类型初查[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):564-568.Wu L Y,Su S P,Wang H.Preliminary investigation into plant and vegetation types in afforestation region in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(4):564-568.
[17]张玉芬,张大勇.克隆植物的无性与有性繁殖对策[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):174-183.Zhang Y F,Zhang D Y.Asexual and sexual reproductive strategies in clonal plants[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(1):174-183.
[18]Huber H,During H J.No long-term costs of meristem allocation to flowering in stoloniferous Trifoliumspecies[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2000,14(8):731-748.
[19]Winkler E,Fischer M.Two fitness measures for clonal plants and the importance of spatial aspects[J].Plant Ecology,1999,141(1/2):191-199.
[20]陈尚,马艳,李自珍,等.克隆植物种子繁殖和营养繁殖的适合度分析和度量[J].生态学报,1999,19(2):145-148.Chen S,Ma Y,Li Z Z,et al.Analysis and measurement of the fitness of seed reproduction and vegetative reproduction of clonal plant[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(2):145-148.
[21]王洪义,王正文,李凌浩,等.不同生境中克隆植物的繁殖倾向[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):670-676.Wang H Y,Wang Z W,Li L H,et al.Reproductive tendency of clonal plants in various habitats[J].Chinens Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):670-676.
[22]Verburg R,Grava D.Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual[J].Oecologia,1998,115(4):472-477.
[2]Zhang Z Y,Nikolar N T.Flora of China(Vol.18)[M].St.Louis:Missouri Botanical Garden Press;Beijing:Science Press,1998:229-231.
[3]国家药典委员会.中国药典(一部)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2010:126.Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of China(Vol.1)[M].Beijing:China Medical Science Press,2010:126.
[4]何松春,施大文.中药肉苁蓉类的药源调查及原植物鉴别[J].上海医科大学学报,1995,22(3):186-188.He S C,Shi D W.Resources and identification of the original plants of traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Shanghai,1995,22(3):186-188.
[5]牛东玲,宋玉霞,郭生虎,等.肉苁蓉种子休眠与萌发特性的初步研究[J].种子,2006,25(2):17-21,24.Niu D L,Song Y X,Guo S H,et al.Original studies on dormancy and germination properties of Cistanche deserticola seeds[J].Seed,2006,25(2):17-21,24.
[6]宋玉霞,郭生虎,牛东玲,等.濒危植物肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)繁育系统研究[J].植物研究,2008,28(3):278-282,287.Song Y X,Guo S H,Niu D L,et al.A study on breeding system of the endangered plant Cistanche deserticola[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2008,28(3):278-282,287.
[7]王虎,李文伟,蔡定芳,等.肉苁蓉提取物对帕金森病细胞损伤模型的保护作用[J].中西医结合学报,2007,5(4):407-411.Wang H,Li W W,Cai D F,et al.Protecting effect of Cistanche extracts on MPP+-induced injury of the Parkinson’s disease cell model[J].Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,2007,5(4):407-411.
[8]王华磊,杨太新,杨重军,等.管花肉苁蓉种子萌发和寄生过程的形态学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(23):1812-1814.Wang H L,Yang T X,Yang C J,et al.Morphology of seed germination and parasitism in Cistanche tubulosa[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2005,30(23):1812-1814.
[9]苗中芹,赵东平,郭玉海.果胶酶和纤维素酶参与管花肉苁蓉侵入寄主根的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(6):88-94.Miao Z Q,Zhao D P,Guo Y H.Pectinase and cellulase produced by the parasite plant Cistanche tubulosa are involved in parasitising its host root[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(6):88-94.
[10]包斌,唐晓阳,田宏,等.管花肉苁蓉提取物的抗氧化活性研究[J].上海中医药杂志,2010,44(2):68-71.Bao B,Tang X Y,Tian H,et al.Antioxidant activity of extracts from desertliving Cistanche tubulosa(Schrenk)R.Wright[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2010,44(2):68-71.
[11]刘志红,党应川.兰州肉苁蓉的生药研究[J].中草药,2001,32(2):169-170,179.Liu Z H,Dang Y C.Pharmacognostic studies on Cistanche lanzhouensis[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2001,32(2):169-170,179.
[12]朱旭江,贺军权,杜兴,等.兰州肉苁蓉HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].中国药房,2011,22(47):4477-4480.Zhu X J,He J Q,Du X,et al.Study on HPLC fingerprints of Cistanche lanzhouensis[J].China Pharmacy,2011,22(47):4477-4480.
[13]张贵财,朱旭江,杜兴,等.HPLC法测定兰州肉苁蓉中毛蕊花糖苷的含量[J].中国药事,2010,24(8):801-803.Zhang G C,Zhu X J,Du X,et al.Determination of verbascoside in Cistanche lanzhouensis by HPLC[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs,2010,24(8):801-803.
[14]李广全,李萍,王君,等.兰州肉苁蓉药效学实验研究[J].中兽医医药杂志,2006,25(5):40-41.Li G Q,Li P,Wang J,et al.The experimental study about pharmacodynamics of Cistanche lanzhouensis[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,2006,25(5):40-41.
[15]兰州市地方志编纂委员会,兰州市自然地理志编纂委员会.兰州市志:第2卷.自然地理志[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1998:1-2.Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Lanzhou,Natural Geography Compilation Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou City:Vol.2.Natural geography[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,1998:1-2.
[16]武利玉,苏世平,王蕙.兰州南北两山绿化区植物与植被类型初查[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):564-568.Wu L Y,Su S P,Wang H.Preliminary investigation into plant and vegetation types in afforestation region in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(4):564-568.
[17]张玉芬,张大勇.克隆植物的无性与有性繁殖对策[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):174-183.Zhang Y F,Zhang D Y.Asexual and sexual reproductive strategies in clonal plants[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(1):174-183.
[18]Huber H,During H J.No long-term costs of meristem allocation to flowering in stoloniferous Trifoliumspecies[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2000,14(8):731-748.
[19]Winkler E,Fischer M.Two fitness measures for clonal plants and the importance of spatial aspects[J].Plant Ecology,1999,141(1/2):191-199.
[20]陈尚,马艳,李自珍,等.克隆植物种子繁殖和营养繁殖的适合度分析和度量[J].生态学报,1999,19(2):145-148.Chen S,Ma Y,Li Z Z,et al.Analysis and measurement of the fitness of seed reproduction and vegetative reproduction of clonal plant[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(2):145-148.
[21]王洪义,王正文,李凌浩,等.不同生境中克隆植物的繁殖倾向[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):670-676.Wang H Y,Wang Z W,Li L H,et al.Reproductive tendency of clonal plants in various habitats[J].Chinens Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):670-676.
[22]Verburg R,Grava D.Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual[J].Oecologia,1998,115(4):472-477.