坡度与降雨强度对坡面侵蚀产沙过程影响的试验研究
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摘要
鉴于坡度和降雨强度的变化对坡面侵蚀产沙过程影响明显,通过设计室内大型试验土槽,采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,对不同坡度和降雨强度下坡面侵蚀输沙动态过程进行试验研究。结果表明,在降雨强度不变的条件下,累计产沙量、输沙率随坡面坡度增大而增大;同一坡度下累计产沙量、输沙率随降雨强度的增加而增加;输沙率与降雨强度呈线性关系,与坡度呈幂函数关系。进而基于试验结果,通过二元非线性回归,建立了输沙率、单位面积单位时间产沙量、坡度及降雨强度之间的经验公式。
The variation of slope and rainfall intensity have significant impact on the process of slope erosion and sediment yield.Combined with artificial rainfall simulation,a large indoor soil-slot is built to investigate the dynamic processes of slope erosion and sediment yield under different slope and rainfall intensity.The results show that under condition of constant rainfall intensity,the cumulative sediment yield and sediment transport rate increase with the increase of slope;for the same slope,the cumulative sediment yield and sediment transport rate increase with the increase of rainfall intensity.The sediment transport rate is linear relation with rainfall intensity and it is power function relation with slope.Based on experiment results,the empirical formula between sediment transport rate,sediment yield of unit area in unit time,slope and rainfall intensity are obtained by using binary non-linear regression.
The variation of slope and rainfall intensity have significant impact on the process of slope erosion and sediment yield.Combined with artificial rainfall simulation,a large indoor soil-slot is built to investigate the dynamic processes of slope erosion and sediment yield under different slope and rainfall intensity.The results show that under condition of constant rainfall intensity,the cumulative sediment yield and sediment transport rate increase with the increase of slope;for the same slope,the cumulative sediment yield and sediment transport rate increase with the increase of rainfall intensity.The sediment transport rate is linear relation with rainfall intensity and it is power function relation with slope.Based on experiment results,the empirical formula between sediment transport rate,sediment yield of unit area in unit time,slope and rainfall intensity are obtained by using binary non-linear regression.
引文
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[8]王文龙,雷阿林,李占斌,等.黄土丘陵区坡面薄层水流侵蚀动力机制实验研究[J].水利学报,2003(9):66-70.
[9]陈俊杰,孙莉英,刘俊体,等.坡度对坡面细沟侵蚀的影响——基于三维激光扫描技术[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(3):1-4.
[2]王志伟,陈志成,艾钊,等.不同雨强与坡度对沂蒙山区典型土壤坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):17-19.
[3]张光辉.坡面薄层流水动力学特性的实验研究[J].水科学进展,2002,13(2):159-165.
[4]Nearing M A,Bradford J M,Parker S C.Soil Detachment by Shallow Flow at Low Slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(2):339-344.
[5]Zingg A W.Degree and Length of Land Slope as It Affects Soil Loss in Runoff[J].Agric.Eng.,1940,21:59-64.
[6]Yair A,Klein M.The Influence of Surface Properities on Flow and Erosion Processes on Debris Covered Slopes in an Arid Area[J].Catena,1973,1(1):1-8.
[7]万廷朝.黄丘五副区降雨和地形因素与坡面水土流失关系研究[J].中国水土保持,1996(12):26-29.
[8]王文龙,雷阿林,李占斌,等.黄土丘陵区坡面薄层水流侵蚀动力机制实验研究[J].水利学报,2003(9):66-70.
[9]陈俊杰,孙莉英,刘俊体,等.坡度对坡面细沟侵蚀的影响——基于三维激光扫描技术[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(3):1-4.