包覆重钙粉为填充剂的橡胶加工及性能
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摘要
重钙粉作为填充剂被广泛应用于橡胶加工过程,但由于其表面具有极性,分散性较差,导致与橡胶材料界面结合较差,影响了橡胶产品的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能。本文采用沉淀法,在CaCl_2-H_2O-NH_3-CO_2体系中生成碳酸钙直接结晶于重钙粉颗粒表面,实现对重钙粉的表面包覆,将n(CaCl_2)∶n(重钙粉)=1∶100、5∶100、10∶100的包覆重钙粉填充到天然橡胶和再生胶中,橡胶的力学性能与填充未包覆重钙粉的橡胶相比有了一定的提升。通过比较,在填充量较大(8. 5%、15%)时,包覆重钙粉橡胶产品在硬度、定伸应力等力学性能上要好于轻钙粉橡胶产品;在填充量(5%、8. 5%)时,包覆重钙粉橡胶产品的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率接近于白炭黑,硬度高于白炭黑橡胶产品。
Heavy calcium powder is widely used as a filler in rubber processing,but the interface with the rubber material is poorly combined due to high polarity and poor dispersibility of powders,which affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber product. In this paper,the precipitation method is used to form calcium carbonate which is directly crystallized on the surface of heavy calcium powder particles in CaCl_2-H_2O-NH_3-CO_2 system. If n( CaCl_2) ∶ n( heavy calcium powder) = 1∶ 100,5∶ 100,10 ∶ 100 coated calcium powder are filled into natural rubber and recycled rubber,the mechanical properties of rubber are some what improved compared to rubber filled with uncoated calcium powder. The filling amount is 8. 5% and 15%,in the mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus,the coated calcium powder rubber product is obviously superior to the light calcium powder rubber product; when it comes to 5% or 8. 5%,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the coated heavy calcium rubber product are close to that of silica,and the hardness is higher than rubber products filled with silica.
Heavy calcium powder is widely used as a filler in rubber processing,but the interface with the rubber material is poorly combined due to high polarity and poor dispersibility of powders,which affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber product. In this paper,the precipitation method is used to form calcium carbonate which is directly crystallized on the surface of heavy calcium powder particles in CaCl_2-H_2O-NH_3-CO_2 system. If n( CaCl_2) ∶ n( heavy calcium powder) = 1∶ 100,5∶ 100,10 ∶ 100 coated calcium powder are filled into natural rubber and recycled rubber,the mechanical properties of rubber are some what improved compared to rubber filled with uncoated calcium powder. The filling amount is 8. 5% and 15%,in the mechanical properties such as hardness and modulus,the coated calcium powder rubber product is obviously superior to the light calcium powder rubber product; when it comes to 5% or 8. 5%,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the coated heavy calcium rubber product are close to that of silica,and the hardness is higher than rubber products filled with silica.
引文
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[2]PENG Limin. Effect of Lignin Combined with Inorganic Filler on Compression Set of Nitrile Rubber[D]. Hunan Normal University,2016(in Chinese).彭丽敏.木质素与无机填料并用对丁腈橡胶压缩永久变形的影响[D].湖南师范大学,2016.
[3]LV Bailing. Application of Calcium Carbonate in Rubber Industry[J]. China Rubber/Plast Technol Equip,2003,29(8):28-30(in Chinese).吕百龄.碳酸钙在橡胶工业中的应用[J].橡塑技术与装备,2003,29(8):28-30.
[4]LI Xiaoyun. Surface Modification of Heavy Calcium Carbonate and Its Application in Polymers[D]. Lanzhou University,2008(in Chinese).李小云.重质碳酸钙表面改性及其在聚合物中的应用[D].兰州大学,2008.
[5]LIU Yin,WU Yan,YANG Yufen,et al. Study on Nano-coated Heavy Calcium Carbonate Used as Papermaking Filler[J].CN PPR,2013,32(2):16-21(in Chinese).刘银,吴燕,杨玉芬,等.纳米包覆重质碳酸钙用作造纸填料的研究[J].中国造纸,2013,32(2):16-21.
[6]FAN Shimin. Research and Application of Surface Nano-modification Technology of Mineral Powder[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2004(in Chinese).樊世民.矿物粉体表面纳米化修饰技术研究与应用[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[7] WANG Huiping. Coating Modification of Heavy Calcium Carbonate by Starch and Its Application in Papermaking[D].Shanxi University of Science and Technology,2010(in Chinese).王慧萍.淀粉对重质碳酸钙的包覆改性及在造纸中的应用研究[D].陕西科技大学,2010.
[8]GAI Guosheng,YANG Yufen,FAN Shimin,et al. Surface Modification Technology and Development of Heavy Calcium Carbonate[C]//National Powder Engineering Conference and Related Equipment and Product Exchange Conference Papers,2003(in Chinese).盖国胜,杨玉芬,樊世民,等.重质碳酸钙表面改性技术及发展[C]//全国粉体工程学术会暨相关设备、产品交流会论文专辑,2003.
[9]DING Yang,REN Yangyang,WANG Dan,et al. Study on Controllable Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate in Microemulsion System[J]. J Inorg Salts,2017,49(6):33-36(in Chinese).丁杨,任洋洋,王丹,等.微乳液体系中形貌可控合成碳酸钙的研究[J].无机盐工业,2017,49(6):33-36.
[10]Bertora A,Castellano M,Marsano E,et al. A New Modifier for Silica in Reinforcing SBR Elastomers for the Tyre Industry[J]. Macromol Mater Eng,2011,296(5):455-464.