瓦伦蒂诺的小天使——意大利修复设计方法及中国视角
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摘要
保罗·马可尼(Paolo Marconi)在《修复与建筑师:两个世纪论辩中的理论和实践》中阐述了意大利在建筑和城市文化遗产保护方面众多思路中的一种。这本完成于1993年的著作反对"纯保护"的观念,提倡带着"设计"的观点处理建筑和城市遗产。它将一种设计的理论应用于既有建筑修复,依据的是意大利文艺复兴时期以来的再利用传统。25年后的今天,来自美国和澳大利亚等年轻文化的基于功能主义的"适应性再利用"观念盛行,但对于建筑师而言,在人造物自身的历史内寻找设计解决方案,似乎更有意义。在中国的语境中,记忆、真实性、历史遗产等观念与欧洲并不完全相同,意大利的相关理论和方法在建筑、景观以及城市设计等方面,或许都会找到新的探索和发展领域。本文也就此提出了一项下个十年内可能在中国与意大利之间逐步展开的研究计划。
The aim of the paper is describing one of the Italian approaches to cultural heritage in architecture and urbanism, as it was explained by Paolo Marconi in his book Restoration and the Architect: Theory and Practice of Two Centuries' Debate. Written in 1993 against the idea of "Pure conservation" and to promote the idea of "Design" in approaching the architectural heritage, that book is a theory of architectural design applied to the existing buildings according to the Italian tradition of re-use since the Renaissance's time and thought.After 25 years, the idea of "designing solutions" inside the history of artefacts is for an architect something more meaningful than the nowadays fashionable(and functionalist) idea of "adaptive re-use", born in younger cultures like the American and the Australian one. In the Chinese perspective, with a different idea of memory, authenticity and historical heritage in comparison with Europe, the Italian way could find(and it is already finding) a new field of experimentation and improvement, either at the scale of buildings or at the scale of land or at the scale of the city. The paper outlines a possible research project between China and Italy to pursue in the next decade.
The aim of the paper is describing one of the Italian approaches to cultural heritage in architecture and urbanism, as it was explained by Paolo Marconi in his book Restoration and the Architect: Theory and Practice of Two Centuries' Debate. Written in 1993 against the idea of "Pure conservation" and to promote the idea of "Design" in approaching the architectural heritage, that book is a theory of architectural design applied to the existing buildings according to the Italian tradition of re-use since the Renaissance's time and thought.After 25 years, the idea of "designing solutions" inside the history of artefacts is for an architect something more meaningful than the nowadays fashionable(and functionalist) idea of "adaptive re-use", born in younger cultures like the American and the Australian one. In the Chinese perspective, with a different idea of memory, authenticity and historical heritage in comparison with Europe, the Italian way could find(and it is already finding) a new field of experimentation and improvement, either at the scale of buildings or at the scale of land or at the scale of the city. The paper outlines a possible research project between China and Italy to pursue in the next decade.
引文
[1]Paolo Marconi.ll recupero della bellezza[M].Milano:Skira,2005.
[2]Paolo Marconi.ll restauro e l'architetto.Teoria e pratica in due secoli di dibattito[M].Venezia:Marsilio,1993.
[3]张松.历史城市保护学导论:文化遗产和历史环境保护的一种整体性方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001.
[4]徐宗武,杨昌鸣.历史建筑价值再认识[J]建筑学报,2011(S2):103-106.
[5]常青.历史建筑保护工程学--同济城乡建筑遗产学科领域研究与教育探索[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2014.
[6]吕舟.中国文物保护原则的发展与演变[J]遗产与保护研究,2016(3):1-8.
[7]阮仪三,李红艳.真伪之问:何谓真正的遗产保护[M],上海:同济大学出版社,2016.
[8]Zhu Yujie.Authenticity and Heritage Conservation in China:Translation,Interpretation and Prcatices,in Katharina Weiler and Niels Gutschow,Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation:Discourses,Opinions,Experiences in Europe,South and East Asia[M].Basel:Springer International Publishing,2017.
[9]Marco Trisciuoglio,The Ambiguity of Identity,in Marco Trisciuoglio,Jiang Lei,Bao Li,Zhan Yang,Typological Permanencies and Urban Permutations.Design Studio of Re-generation in Hehuatang Area,Nanjing[M].Nanjing:SEU Press,2017.
[10]Wang Jinghui,Problems and solutions in the protections of historical urban areas,in“Frontiers of Architectural Research”,2012.1,40-43.
[11]Giuseppe Bertrando Bonfantini,Planning the historic centres in Italy:for a critical outline,in“Planum.The Journal of Urbanism”,October2012,no.25,vol.2/2012(Ⅱ Sem.)
[12]吴晓庆,张京祥.从新天地到老门东--城市更新中历史文化价值的异化与回归[J].现代城市研究,2015(3):86-92.
[13]J.W.R.Whitehand,and GuKai,Urban conservation in China.Historical development,current practice and morphological approach[J].Town Planning Review.78.5(2007),643-670.
[14]Luca Zan,Yu Bing,Yu Jianli,and Yan Haiming.Heritage Sites in Contemporary China.Cultural Policies and Management Practices[M].LondonNew York:Routledge,2018.
[1]保罗·马可尼原本是建筑史教授,后来成为意大利建筑学院历史上第一位修复设计方面的教授。他也曾在意大利保护文化遗产安全的国家机构担任职务,但总的来说,他是一名建筑执业者,曾参与过巴勒莫La Zisa宫,都灵Carignano剧院及Venaria王宫,维琴察Basilica Palladiana市政厅,那不勒斯Sant'Elmo城堡和庞贝Nozze d'Argento住宅的修复工作。参见Paolo Marconi,ll recupero della bellezza[The restoration of beauty],Skira,Milano,2005.
[2]参见Paolo Marconi,Il restauro e l'architetto.Teoria e pratica in due secoli di dibattito[The Restoration and the Architect.Theory and Practice in two centuries'debate],Marsilio,Venezia,1993.
[3]关于这之间的十年历史,同时参见张松《历史城市保护学导论:文化遗产和历史环境保护的一种整体性方法》一书及徐宗武,杨昌鸣《历史建筑价值再认识》一文.
[4]参见常青《历史建筑保护工程学--同济城乡建筑遗产学科领域研究与教育探索》一书
[5]参见吕舟,《中国文物保护原则的发展与演变》一文
[6]参见阮仪三,李红艳《真伪之问:何谓真正的遗产保护》一书
[7]参见Zhu Yujie,Authenticity and Heritage Conservation in China:Translation,Interpretation and Practices,in Katharina Weiler and Niels Gutschow,Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation:Discourses,Opinions,Experiences in Europe,South and East Asia,Springer International Publishing,Basel 2017.
[8]参见Marco Trisciuoglio,The Ambiguity of Identity,in Marco Trisciuoglio,Jiang Lei,Bao Li,Zhan Yang,Typological Permanencies and Urban Permutations.Design Studio of Re-generation in Hehuatang Area,Nanjing,SEU Press,Nanjing 2017.
[9]参见Wang Jinghui,Problems and solutions in the protections of historical urban areas,in“Frontiers of Architectural Research”,2012.1,40-43.
[10]参见Giuseppe Bertrando Bonfantini,Planning the historic centres in Italy:for a critical outline,in“Planum.The Journal of Urbanism”,October2012,no.25,vol.2/2012(Ⅱ Sem.)
[11]参见吴晓庆、张京祥“从新天地到老门东--城市更新中历史文化价值的异化与回归”一文。
[12]参见J.W.R.Whitehand,and Gu Kai,Urban conservation in China.Historical development,current practice and morphological approach,in"Town Planning Review”78.5(2007),643-670及同作者的系列文章
[2]Paolo Marconi.ll restauro e l'architetto.Teoria e pratica in due secoli di dibattito[M].Venezia:Marsilio,1993.
[3]张松.历史城市保护学导论:文化遗产和历史环境保护的一种整体性方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001.
[4]徐宗武,杨昌鸣.历史建筑价值再认识[J]建筑学报,2011(S2):103-106.
[5]常青.历史建筑保护工程学--同济城乡建筑遗产学科领域研究与教育探索[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2014.
[6]吕舟.中国文物保护原则的发展与演变[J]遗产与保护研究,2016(3):1-8.
[7]阮仪三,李红艳.真伪之问:何谓真正的遗产保护[M],上海:同济大学出版社,2016.
[8]Zhu Yujie.Authenticity and Heritage Conservation in China:Translation,Interpretation and Prcatices,in Katharina Weiler and Niels Gutschow,Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation:Discourses,Opinions,Experiences in Europe,South and East Asia[M].Basel:Springer International Publishing,2017.
[9]Marco Trisciuoglio,The Ambiguity of Identity,in Marco Trisciuoglio,Jiang Lei,Bao Li,Zhan Yang,Typological Permanencies and Urban Permutations.Design Studio of Re-generation in Hehuatang Area,Nanjing[M].Nanjing:SEU Press,2017.
[10]Wang Jinghui,Problems and solutions in the protections of historical urban areas,in“Frontiers of Architectural Research”,2012.1,40-43.
[11]Giuseppe Bertrando Bonfantini,Planning the historic centres in Italy:for a critical outline,in“Planum.The Journal of Urbanism”,October2012,no.25,vol.2/2012(Ⅱ Sem.)
[12]吴晓庆,张京祥.从新天地到老门东--城市更新中历史文化价值的异化与回归[J].现代城市研究,2015(3):86-92.
[13]J.W.R.Whitehand,and GuKai,Urban conservation in China.Historical development,current practice and morphological approach[J].Town Planning Review.78.5(2007),643-670.
[14]Luca Zan,Yu Bing,Yu Jianli,and Yan Haiming.Heritage Sites in Contemporary China.Cultural Policies and Management Practices[M].LondonNew York:Routledge,2018.
[1]保罗·马可尼原本是建筑史教授,后来成为意大利建筑学院历史上第一位修复设计方面的教授。他也曾在意大利保护文化遗产安全的国家机构担任职务,但总的来说,他是一名建筑执业者,曾参与过巴勒莫La Zisa宫,都灵Carignano剧院及Venaria王宫,维琴察Basilica Palladiana市政厅,那不勒斯Sant'Elmo城堡和庞贝Nozze d'Argento住宅的修复工作。参见Paolo Marconi,ll recupero della bellezza[The restoration of beauty],Skira,Milano,2005.
[2]参见Paolo Marconi,Il restauro e l'architetto.Teoria e pratica in due secoli di dibattito[The Restoration and the Architect.Theory and Practice in two centuries'debate],Marsilio,Venezia,1993.
[3]关于这之间的十年历史,同时参见张松《历史城市保护学导论:文化遗产和历史环境保护的一种整体性方法》一书及徐宗武,杨昌鸣《历史建筑价值再认识》一文.
[4]参见常青《历史建筑保护工程学--同济城乡建筑遗产学科领域研究与教育探索》一书
[5]参见吕舟,《中国文物保护原则的发展与演变》一文
[6]参见阮仪三,李红艳《真伪之问:何谓真正的遗产保护》一书
[7]参见Zhu Yujie,Authenticity and Heritage Conservation in China:Translation,Interpretation and Practices,in Katharina Weiler and Niels Gutschow,Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation:Discourses,Opinions,Experiences in Europe,South and East Asia,Springer International Publishing,Basel 2017.
[8]参见Marco Trisciuoglio,The Ambiguity of Identity,in Marco Trisciuoglio,Jiang Lei,Bao Li,Zhan Yang,Typological Permanencies and Urban Permutations.Design Studio of Re-generation in Hehuatang Area,Nanjing,SEU Press,Nanjing 2017.
[9]参见Wang Jinghui,Problems and solutions in the protections of historical urban areas,in“Frontiers of Architectural Research”,2012.1,40-43.
[10]参见Giuseppe Bertrando Bonfantini,Planning the historic centres in Italy:for a critical outline,in“Planum.The Journal of Urbanism”,October2012,no.25,vol.2/2012(Ⅱ Sem.)
[11]参见吴晓庆、张京祥“从新天地到老门东--城市更新中历史文化价值的异化与回归”一文。
[12]参见J.W.R.Whitehand,and Gu Kai,Urban conservation in China.Historical development,current practice and morphological approach,in"Town Planning Review”78.5(2007),643-670及同作者的系列文章