Viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultures for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent
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摘要
Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent(ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study.Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH_4~+ with a biomass productivity of(0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of(10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH_4~+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE(up to 525 mg/L NH_4~+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH_4~+ and biomass productivity of(0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems(attached and non-attached) evaluated,microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.
Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent(ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study.Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH_4~+ with a biomass productivity of(0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of(10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH_4~+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE(up to 525 mg/L NH_4~+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH_4~+ and biomass productivity of(0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems(attached and non-attached) evaluated,microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.
Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent(ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study.Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH_4~+ with a biomass productivity of(0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of(10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH_4~+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE(up to 525 mg/L NH_4~+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH_4~+ and biomass productivity of(0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems(attached and non-attached) evaluated,microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.
引文
Armitage,A.R.,Frankovich,T.A.,Heck,K.L.,Fourqurean,J.W.,2005.Experimental nutrient enrichment causes complex changes in seagrass,microalgae,and macroalgae community structure in Florida Bay.Estuaries.28(3),422-434.
Ayre,J.M.,Moheimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,2017.Growth of microalgae on undiluted anaerobic digestate of piggery effluent with high ammonium concentrations.Algal Res.24,218-226.
Bohutskyi,P.,Liu,K.,Nasr,L.K.,Byers,N.,Rosenberg,J.N.,Oyler,G.A.,et al.,2015.Bioprospecting of microalgae for integrated biomass production and phytoremediation of unsterilized wastewater and anaerobic digestion centrate.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.99(14),6139-6154.
Buchanan,A.,Bolton,N.,Moheimani,N.,Svoboda,I.,Grant,T.,Batten,D.,et al.,2013.Algae for Energy and Feed:AWastewater Solution.A Review,Pork CRC Report Project 4A-101.p.112.
Cosgrove,J.,Borowitzka,M.,2006.Applying pulse amplitude modulation(PAM)fluorometry to microalgae suspensions:stirring potentially impacts fluorescence.Photosynth.Res.88(3),343-350.
Cuello,M.C.,Cosgrove,J.J.,Randhir,A.,Vadiveloo,A.,Moheimani,N.R.,2014.Comparison of continuous and day time only mixing on Tetraselmis suecica(Chlorophyta)in outdoor raceway ponds.J.Appl.Phycol.27(5),1783-1791.
De Boer,K.,Moeimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,Bahri,P.A.,2012.Extraction and conversion pathways for microalgae to biodiesel:a review focused on energy consumption.J.Appl.Phycol.24(6),1681-1698.
Diez,J.,De La Torre,A.,Cartagena,M.,Carballo,M.,Vallejo,A.,Mu?oz,M.,2001.Evaluation of the application of pig slurry to an experimental crop using agronomic and ecotoxicological approaches.J.Environ.Qual.30(6),2165-2172.
Genty,B.,Briantais,J.-M.,Baker,N.R.,1989.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.Biochim.Biophy.Acta(BBA)-Gen.Subj.990(1),87-92.
Grover,J.P.,1989.Influence of cell shape and size on algal competitive ability.J.Phycol.25(2),402-405.
H?der,D.-P.,Lebert,M.,Figueroa,F.L.,Jiménez,C.,Vi?egla,B.N.,Perez-Rodriguez,E.,1998.Photoinhibition in Mediterranean macroalgae by solar radiation measured on site by PAMfluorescence.Aquat.Bot.61(3),225-236.
Hein,M.,Pedersen,M.F.,Sand-Jensen,K.,1995.Size-dependent nitrogen uptake in micro-and macroalgae.Mar.Ecol.Prog.118(1),247-253 Ser..
Hoek,C.,Van den Hoeck,H.,Mann,D.,Jahns,H.,1995.Algae:An Introduction to Phycology.Cambridge University Press,UK.
Hovanec,T.A.,DeLong,E.F.,1996.Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria associated with freshwater and marine aquaria.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.62(8),2888-2896.
Huisman,J.,Jonker,R.R.,Zonneveld,C.,Weissing,F.J.,1999.Competition for light between phytoplankton species:experimental tests of mechanistic theory.Ecology.80(1),211-222.
Maraseni,T.N.,Maroulis,J.,2008.Piggery:from environmental pollution to a climate change solution.J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B.43(4),358-363.
Moheimani,N.,2016.Tetraselmis suecica culture for CO2bioremediation of untreated flue gas from a coal-fired power station.J.Appl.Phycol.28(4),2139-2146.
Moheimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,Isdepsky,A.,Sing,S.F.,2013.Standard methods for measuring growth of algae and their composition.In:Borowitzka,M.A.,Moheimani,N.R.(Eds.),Algae for Biofuels and Energy.Springer,Dordrecht,Netherlands,pp.265-284.
Nan,C.,Dong,S.,2004.Comparative studies on phosphorus uptake and growth kinetics of the microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the macroalga Ulva pertusa.J.Ocean Univer.China 3(1),56-59.
Nwoba,E.G.,Ayre,J.M.,Moheimani,N.R.,Ubi,B.E.,Ogbonna,J.C.,2016a.Growth comparison of microalgae in tubular photobioreactor and open pond for treating anaerobic digestion piggery effluent.Algal Res.17,268-276.
Nwoba,E.G.,Moheimani,N.R.,Ubi,B.E.,Ogbonna,J.C.,Vadiveloo,A.,Pluske,J.R.,et al.,2016b.Macroalgae culture to treat anaerobic digestion piggery effluent(ADPE).Bioresour.Technol.227,15-23.
Phang,S.-M.,Chu,W.-L.,Rabiei,R.,2015.Phycoremediation.In:Sahoo,D.,Seckbach,J.(Eds.),The Algae World.Springer,Netherlands,pp.357-389.
Roughgarden,J.,1983.Competition and theory in community ecology.Amer.Nat.122(5),583-601.
Sharma,O.,1986.Textbook of Algae.Tata McGraw-Hill Education,New Delhi.
Smith,D.,Horne,A.,1988.Experimental measurement of resource competition between planktonic microalgae and macroalgae(seaweeds)in mesocosms simulating the San Francisco BayEstuary,California.Hydrobiologia.159(3),259-268.
Steneck,R.S.,1982.A limpet-coralline alga association:adaptations and defenses between a selective herbivore and its prey.Ecology.63(2),507-522.
Stolte,W.,Riegman,R.,1995.Effect of phytoplankton cell size on transient-state nitrate and ammonium uptake kinetics.Microbiology.141(5),1221-1229.
Titman,D.,1976.Ecological competition between algae:experimental confirmation of resource-based competition theory.Science.192(4238),463-465.
Tucker,R.,McGahan,E.,Galloway,J.,O'Keefe,M.,2010.National environmental guidelines for piggeries.Australian Pork Ltd,Canberra.
Vadiveloo,A.,Moheimani,N.R.,Kosterink,N.R.,Cosgrove,J.J.,Parlevliet,D.,Gonzalez-Garcia,C.,et al.,2016.Photosynthetic performance of two Nannochloropsis spp.under different filtered light spectra.Algal Res.19,168-177.
Weerasekara,A.W.,Jenkins,S.,Abbott,L.K.,Waite,I.,McGrath,J.W.,Larma,I.,et al.,2016.Microbial phylogenetic and functional responses within acidified wastewater communities exhibiting enhanced phosphate uptake.Bioresour.Technol.220,55-61.
Yamamoto,M.,Fujishita,M.,Hirata,A.,Kawano,S.,2004.Regeneration and maturation of daughter cell walls in the autospore-forming green alga Chlorella vulgaris(Chlorophyta,Trebouxiophyceae).J.Plant Res.117(4),257-264.
Ayre,J.M.,Moheimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,2017.Growth of microalgae on undiluted anaerobic digestate of piggery effluent with high ammonium concentrations.Algal Res.24,218-226.
Bohutskyi,P.,Liu,K.,Nasr,L.K.,Byers,N.,Rosenberg,J.N.,Oyler,G.A.,et al.,2015.Bioprospecting of microalgae for integrated biomass production and phytoremediation of unsterilized wastewater and anaerobic digestion centrate.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.99(14),6139-6154.
Buchanan,A.,Bolton,N.,Moheimani,N.,Svoboda,I.,Grant,T.,Batten,D.,et al.,2013.Algae for Energy and Feed:AWastewater Solution.A Review,Pork CRC Report Project 4A-101.p.112.
Cosgrove,J.,Borowitzka,M.,2006.Applying pulse amplitude modulation(PAM)fluorometry to microalgae suspensions:stirring potentially impacts fluorescence.Photosynth.Res.88(3),343-350.
Cuello,M.C.,Cosgrove,J.J.,Randhir,A.,Vadiveloo,A.,Moheimani,N.R.,2014.Comparison of continuous and day time only mixing on Tetraselmis suecica(Chlorophyta)in outdoor raceway ponds.J.Appl.Phycol.27(5),1783-1791.
De Boer,K.,Moeimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,Bahri,P.A.,2012.Extraction and conversion pathways for microalgae to biodiesel:a review focused on energy consumption.J.Appl.Phycol.24(6),1681-1698.
Diez,J.,De La Torre,A.,Cartagena,M.,Carballo,M.,Vallejo,A.,Mu?oz,M.,2001.Evaluation of the application of pig slurry to an experimental crop using agronomic and ecotoxicological approaches.J.Environ.Qual.30(6),2165-2172.
Genty,B.,Briantais,J.-M.,Baker,N.R.,1989.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.Biochim.Biophy.Acta(BBA)-Gen.Subj.990(1),87-92.
Grover,J.P.,1989.Influence of cell shape and size on algal competitive ability.J.Phycol.25(2),402-405.
H?der,D.-P.,Lebert,M.,Figueroa,F.L.,Jiménez,C.,Vi?egla,B.N.,Perez-Rodriguez,E.,1998.Photoinhibition in Mediterranean macroalgae by solar radiation measured on site by PAMfluorescence.Aquat.Bot.61(3),225-236.
Hein,M.,Pedersen,M.F.,Sand-Jensen,K.,1995.Size-dependent nitrogen uptake in micro-and macroalgae.Mar.Ecol.Prog.118(1),247-253 Ser..
Hoek,C.,Van den Hoeck,H.,Mann,D.,Jahns,H.,1995.Algae:An Introduction to Phycology.Cambridge University Press,UK.
Hovanec,T.A.,DeLong,E.F.,1996.Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria associated with freshwater and marine aquaria.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.62(8),2888-2896.
Huisman,J.,Jonker,R.R.,Zonneveld,C.,Weissing,F.J.,1999.Competition for light between phytoplankton species:experimental tests of mechanistic theory.Ecology.80(1),211-222.
Maraseni,T.N.,Maroulis,J.,2008.Piggery:from environmental pollution to a climate change solution.J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B.43(4),358-363.
Moheimani,N.,2016.Tetraselmis suecica culture for CO2bioremediation of untreated flue gas from a coal-fired power station.J.Appl.Phycol.28(4),2139-2146.
Moheimani,N.R.,Borowitzka,M.A.,Isdepsky,A.,Sing,S.F.,2013.Standard methods for measuring growth of algae and their composition.In:Borowitzka,M.A.,Moheimani,N.R.(Eds.),Algae for Biofuels and Energy.Springer,Dordrecht,Netherlands,pp.265-284.
Nan,C.,Dong,S.,2004.Comparative studies on phosphorus uptake and growth kinetics of the microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the macroalga Ulva pertusa.J.Ocean Univer.China 3(1),56-59.
Nwoba,E.G.,Ayre,J.M.,Moheimani,N.R.,Ubi,B.E.,Ogbonna,J.C.,2016a.Growth comparison of microalgae in tubular photobioreactor and open pond for treating anaerobic digestion piggery effluent.Algal Res.17,268-276.
Nwoba,E.G.,Moheimani,N.R.,Ubi,B.E.,Ogbonna,J.C.,Vadiveloo,A.,Pluske,J.R.,et al.,2016b.Macroalgae culture to treat anaerobic digestion piggery effluent(ADPE).Bioresour.Technol.227,15-23.
Phang,S.-M.,Chu,W.-L.,Rabiei,R.,2015.Phycoremediation.In:Sahoo,D.,Seckbach,J.(Eds.),The Algae World.Springer,Netherlands,pp.357-389.
Roughgarden,J.,1983.Competition and theory in community ecology.Amer.Nat.122(5),583-601.
Sharma,O.,1986.Textbook of Algae.Tata McGraw-Hill Education,New Delhi.
Smith,D.,Horne,A.,1988.Experimental measurement of resource competition between planktonic microalgae and macroalgae(seaweeds)in mesocosms simulating the San Francisco BayEstuary,California.Hydrobiologia.159(3),259-268.
Steneck,R.S.,1982.A limpet-coralline alga association:adaptations and defenses between a selective herbivore and its prey.Ecology.63(2),507-522.
Stolte,W.,Riegman,R.,1995.Effect of phytoplankton cell size on transient-state nitrate and ammonium uptake kinetics.Microbiology.141(5),1221-1229.
Titman,D.,1976.Ecological competition between algae:experimental confirmation of resource-based competition theory.Science.192(4238),463-465.
Tucker,R.,McGahan,E.,Galloway,J.,O'Keefe,M.,2010.National environmental guidelines for piggeries.Australian Pork Ltd,Canberra.
Vadiveloo,A.,Moheimani,N.R.,Kosterink,N.R.,Cosgrove,J.J.,Parlevliet,D.,Gonzalez-Garcia,C.,et al.,2016.Photosynthetic performance of two Nannochloropsis spp.under different filtered light spectra.Algal Res.19,168-177.
Weerasekara,A.W.,Jenkins,S.,Abbott,L.K.,Waite,I.,McGrath,J.W.,Larma,I.,et al.,2016.Microbial phylogenetic and functional responses within acidified wastewater communities exhibiting enhanced phosphate uptake.Bioresour.Technol.220,55-61.
Yamamoto,M.,Fujishita,M.,Hirata,A.,Kawano,S.,2004.Regeneration and maturation of daughter cell walls in the autospore-forming green alga Chlorella vulgaris(Chlorophyta,Trebouxiophyceae).J.Plant Res.117(4),257-264.