‘苏帅’苹果表观遗传变异分析
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摘要
为探索杂交品种‘苏帅’表观优良性状遗传的生理机制,以杂交品种‘苏帅’和父本‘金冠’、母本‘印度’为材料,通过分析‘苏帅’和‘金冠’、‘印度’等苹果品种的节间数、节间长度以及叶片内源激素、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、叶绿素的含量;采用石蜡切片法、扫描电镜等方法比较其叶片结构,测定叶片光合气体交换参数。结果表明,‘金冠’和‘印度’的节间长度显著大于‘苏帅’苹果的节间长度,‘苏帅’苹果叶片叶绿素相对含量显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’;果实可溶性固形物含量与‘金冠’虽然没有显著性差异,但可滴定酸的含量明显高于‘金冠’苹果;‘苏帅’苹果内源激素脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)与‘金冠’和‘印度’相比均呈显著差异。‘苏帅’苹果叶片下表皮气孔长度大于‘印度’,且差异极显著,但小于‘金冠’,气孔宽度显著宽于‘印度’,与‘金冠’没有明显差异;‘苏帅’苹果气孔密度极显著小于‘金冠’和‘印度’;‘金冠’和‘印度’栅栏细胞组织排列较紧密,栅栏组织和海绵组织分界限明显,而‘苏帅’苹果的栅栏组织细胞排列相对杂乱,细胞大小也不一致,与海绵组织界限不明显;‘苏帅’苹果叶片、上下表皮、栅栏组织及海绵组织厚度显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’,栅栏组织和海绵组织比值也显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’。‘苏帅’苹果与父母本相比表现出节间短、叶片变厚、光合作用增强等性状多样性,为苹果生产提供了新品种,也为苹果新品种的培育提供了珍贵的种质资源。
This research aims to explore the physiological genetic mechanism of apply hybrid variety ‘Sushuai'. Taking the hybrid‘Sushuai'and its male parent‘Golden Delicious' and female parent‘Indo'as the materials, the number and length of internodes, chlorophyll content, fruit soluble solids and titrable acid content, along with endogenous hormone content in leaf were measured and analyzed. The paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy technology were employed to compare leaf structure of‘Sushuai',‘GoldenDelicious' and‘Indo'. Moreover, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange were also studied. The internodesof‘Sushuai'were significantly shorter than those of‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'in length, while itsrelative chlorophyll amount was significantly higher than its parents. The titrable acid content of‘Sushuai'was significantly higher than that of‘Golden Delicious' while there is no significant difference of solublesolids between the two. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid(ABA), gibberellin(GA), indole 3 acetic acid(IAA) and zeatin riboside(ZR) content of‘Sushuai'were all different compared with those of‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'. The under skin stomatal of‘Sushuai'was smaller than that of‘Golden Delicious' while higher than ‘Indo' in length, with P>0.01. The stomatal width of‘Sushuai'was significantly higher thanthat of‘Indo'and showed no significant difference with‘Golden Delicious'. The stomatal density of‘Sushuai'was smaller than its parents with significant difference. The palisade tissue cells of ‘Sushuai' wereinconsistent in size, and were arranged in a relatively messy way with no obvious boundaries of sponge tissue.As for ‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo', the cells of palisade tissue set close, neatly arranged and had obviousboundaries with sponge tissue. For‘Sushuai', the total thickness, on and under skins, palisade tissue andspongy tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade to spongy tissue of leaves were significantly higher than thoseof‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'. The diversity of traits that‘Sushuai'shows in comparing with its parentsprovides germplasm resources for breeding of new apple cultivars.
This research aims to explore the physiological genetic mechanism of apply hybrid variety ‘Sushuai'. Taking the hybrid‘Sushuai'and its male parent‘Golden Delicious' and female parent‘Indo'as the materials, the number and length of internodes, chlorophyll content, fruit soluble solids and titrable acid content, along with endogenous hormone content in leaf were measured and analyzed. The paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy technology were employed to compare leaf structure of‘Sushuai',‘GoldenDelicious' and‘Indo'. Moreover, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange were also studied. The internodesof‘Sushuai'were significantly shorter than those of‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'in length, while itsrelative chlorophyll amount was significantly higher than its parents. The titrable acid content of‘Sushuai'was significantly higher than that of‘Golden Delicious' while there is no significant difference of solublesolids between the two. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid(ABA), gibberellin(GA), indole 3 acetic acid(IAA) and zeatin riboside(ZR) content of‘Sushuai'were all different compared with those of‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'. The under skin stomatal of‘Sushuai'was smaller than that of‘Golden Delicious' while higher than ‘Indo' in length, with P>0.01. The stomatal width of‘Sushuai'was significantly higher thanthat of‘Indo'and showed no significant difference with‘Golden Delicious'. The stomatal density of‘Sushuai'was smaller than its parents with significant difference. The palisade tissue cells of ‘Sushuai' wereinconsistent in size, and were arranged in a relatively messy way with no obvious boundaries of sponge tissue.As for ‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo', the cells of palisade tissue set close, neatly arranged and had obviousboundaries with sponge tissue. For‘Sushuai', the total thickness, on and under skins, palisade tissue andspongy tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade to spongy tissue of leaves were significantly higher than thoseof‘Golden Delicious' and‘Indo'. The diversity of traits that‘Sushuai'shows in comparing with its parentsprovides germplasm resources for breeding of new apple cultivars.
引文
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[2]赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定[J].烟草科技,2000,5:41-42.
[3]许大全.光合作用测定及研究中一些值得注意的问题[J].植物生理学通讯,2006,42(6):1163-1167.
[4]罗青红,李志军,伍维模,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(5):983-988.
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[6]王博.根域限制促进鲜食葡萄果皮花色苷合成的机制研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[7]陈珈,朱美君.玉米根微粒体ABA结合蛋白的性质及逆境胁迫的影响[J].植物生理学报,1996,22(1):63-68.
[8]解锋.论提高光能利用率的途径[J].陕西农业科学,2008,1:144-146.
[9]王彩虹,田义轲,初庆刚,等.柱型苹果叶片的解剖学研究[J].果树学报,2005,22(4):311-314.
[10]季兰,杨仁崔.水稻茎伸长生长与植物激素[J].植物学通报,2002,19(1):109-115.
[11]Lange M J P,Lange T.Gibberellin biosynthesis and the regulation of plant development[J].Plant Biol,2006(3):281-290.
[12]Weiss D,Ori N.Mechanisms of Cross Talk between Gibberellin and Other Hormones[J].Plant Physi-ology,2007,144:1240-1246.
[13]Razem F A,Baron K,Hill R D.Turning on gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling[J].Curr Opin Plant Biol,2006,9:454-459.
[14]孔祥华,张伟,侯董亮.褐斑病抗性不同的两个苹果主栽品种叶片显微结构比较[D].泰安:山东农业科学,2017.
[15]张仕杰.‘苏帅’苹果三个农艺性状的遗传变异分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[16]梁美霞,戴洪义,葛红娟.苹果叶片解剖结构和表皮特征的生态适应性[C].中国园艺协会,2009.
[17]张玉兰,杨焕芝.枝、叶解剖构造、过氧化物酶活性与山楂属种、株型生长势的关系[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1999,1:46-51.
[18]刘婧,王宝山,谢先芝.植物气孔发育及其调控研究[J].遗传,2011,33(2):131-137.
[19]Widmer A,Krebs C.Influence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of‘Golden Delicious’and‘Royal Gala’apples[A].//Pamer J W,Wunsche J N.7th International Symposium on Orchard and Plantation Systems[C].Nelson Zealand:Hort Res,2001:235-242.
[20]魏钦平,束怀瑞,辛培刚.苹果园群体结构对产量品质影响的通径分析与优化方案[J].园艺学报,1993,20(1):33-37.
[21]许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002:33.
[22]Farquhar GD,Sharkey TD.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33:317-345.
[23]严俊鑫,刘晓东,张晓娇,等.6种丁香的光合特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(7):23-24.
[24]Sansavini S,Donati F,Costa F,et al.Advances in apple breeding for enhanced fruit quality and resistance to biotic stresses:new varieties for the European market[J].Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research,2004,12:13-52.
[25]Hampson C R,Quamme H A,Hall J W,et al.Sensory evaluation as a selection tool in apple breeding[J].Euphytica,2000,111(2):79-90.
[26]Doroshenko T N,Chumakov S S,Satibalov A V,et al.Physiological aspects of improving fruit quality in apple plantings[J].Russian agricultural sciences,2008,34(1):14-15.
[27]王雷存,樊红科,高华,等.苹果酸度基因(Ma)SSR标记及遗传分析[J].园艺学报,2012,39(10):1885-1892.
[28]蒋际谋,姜帆,陈秀萍,等.枇杷主要品质评价指标研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(12):2382-2390.
[2]赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定[J].烟草科技,2000,5:41-42.
[3]许大全.光合作用测定及研究中一些值得注意的问题[J].植物生理学通讯,2006,42(6):1163-1167.
[4]罗青红,李志军,伍维模,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(5):983-988.
[5]李和平.植物显微技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:2-48.
[6]王博.根域限制促进鲜食葡萄果皮花色苷合成的机制研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[7]陈珈,朱美君.玉米根微粒体ABA结合蛋白的性质及逆境胁迫的影响[J].植物生理学报,1996,22(1):63-68.
[8]解锋.论提高光能利用率的途径[J].陕西农业科学,2008,1:144-146.
[9]王彩虹,田义轲,初庆刚,等.柱型苹果叶片的解剖学研究[J].果树学报,2005,22(4):311-314.
[10]季兰,杨仁崔.水稻茎伸长生长与植物激素[J].植物学通报,2002,19(1):109-115.
[11]Lange M J P,Lange T.Gibberellin biosynthesis and the regulation of plant development[J].Plant Biol,2006(3):281-290.
[12]Weiss D,Ori N.Mechanisms of Cross Talk between Gibberellin and Other Hormones[J].Plant Physi-ology,2007,144:1240-1246.
[13]Razem F A,Baron K,Hill R D.Turning on gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling[J].Curr Opin Plant Biol,2006,9:454-459.
[14]孔祥华,张伟,侯董亮.褐斑病抗性不同的两个苹果主栽品种叶片显微结构比较[D].泰安:山东农业科学,2017.
[15]张仕杰.‘苏帅’苹果三个农艺性状的遗传变异分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[16]梁美霞,戴洪义,葛红娟.苹果叶片解剖结构和表皮特征的生态适应性[C].中国园艺协会,2009.
[17]张玉兰,杨焕芝.枝、叶解剖构造、过氧化物酶活性与山楂属种、株型生长势的关系[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1999,1:46-51.
[18]刘婧,王宝山,谢先芝.植物气孔发育及其调控研究[J].遗传,2011,33(2):131-137.
[19]Widmer A,Krebs C.Influence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of‘Golden Delicious’and‘Royal Gala’apples[A].//Pamer J W,Wunsche J N.7th International Symposium on Orchard and Plantation Systems[C].Nelson Zealand:Hort Res,2001:235-242.
[20]魏钦平,束怀瑞,辛培刚.苹果园群体结构对产量品质影响的通径分析与优化方案[J].园艺学报,1993,20(1):33-37.
[21]许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002:33.
[22]Farquhar GD,Sharkey TD.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33:317-345.
[23]严俊鑫,刘晓东,张晓娇,等.6种丁香的光合特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(7):23-24.
[24]Sansavini S,Donati F,Costa F,et al.Advances in apple breeding for enhanced fruit quality and resistance to biotic stresses:new varieties for the European market[J].Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research,2004,12:13-52.
[25]Hampson C R,Quamme H A,Hall J W,et al.Sensory evaluation as a selection tool in apple breeding[J].Euphytica,2000,111(2):79-90.
[26]Doroshenko T N,Chumakov S S,Satibalov A V,et al.Physiological aspects of improving fruit quality in apple plantings[J].Russian agricultural sciences,2008,34(1):14-15.
[27]王雷存,樊红科,高华,等.苹果酸度基因(Ma)SSR标记及遗传分析[J].园艺学报,2012,39(10):1885-1892.
[28]蒋际谋,姜帆,陈秀萍,等.枇杷主要品质评价指标研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(12):2382-2390.