基于性状特征结合泡沫试验快速鉴别川牛膝及其伪品、掺伪品
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摘要
目的:对川牛膝和伪品头花杯苋、杂牛膝及其掺伪品进行快速鉴别。方法:采用性状特征结合泡沫试验对川牛膝、伪品、掺伪品进行鉴别,其中性状特征方面,对形状、大小、质地、色泽、气、味6个方面进行观察及鼻嗅口尝,泡沫试验方面,以产生的泡沫体积为判断指标,对取样量、加水量、振摇时间、粉末粒度、水温、重复性、掺伪比例及其稳定性8个方面进行考察和验证。结果:性状特征方面,川牛膝及其伪品头花杯苋、杂牛膝在形状、大小、色泽、质地、气、味上均表现出较为明显的差异,尤其是伪品存有色红、味苦麻的专属性鉴别要点。泡沫试验方面,优选的泡沫试验参数为,称取待测样品粉末(过3号筛)0. 3 g,置具塞刻度试管中,加水10 m L,密闭,用力上下振摇1 min,静置5 min,所得方法能鉴别出川牛膝、伪品和掺伪5%以上的掺伪品。川牛膝、伪品和不同比例的掺伪品产生的泡沫体积在5～30 min内无变化,9 h内略有下降,但幅度很小,且掺伪比例越高,产生泡沫的体积越大且稳定性越好。对8批川牛膝和8批伪品验证得出,川牛膝产生泡沫体积均<2 m L,伪品均>13 m L,5%掺伪品均> 5 m L,表现出统计学差异。综合性状特征结合泡沫试验,得出川牛膝真伪及掺伪的5个专属性鉴别要点。结论:通过5个专属性鉴别要点,性状特征结合泡沫试验能有效的将川牛膝和伪品头花杯苋、杂牛膝及其掺伪品鉴别区分,且具有准确、简易、时耗短、可行性强等特点,为川牛膝真伪及掺伪鉴别提供新的方法和参考依据。
Objective: To rapidly identify Cyathula officinalis and its adulterant C. capitata and C. officinalis* C. capitata and doped adulterant. Method: Properties combined with foam test method were used for identifying C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. In the aspect of properties,6 aspects including shape,size,texture,color,smell and taste,were observed,smelled and tasted. In the aspect of foam test,the volume of foam produced was used as the determination index to investigate the sample amount,water amount,shaking time,particle size,water temperature,repeatability,adulteration ratio and its stability. Result: In the aspect of properties, C. officinalis and its adulterant showed obvious difference in the shape, size, color,texture,smell and taste,especially the red color and bitter taste of its adulterant. In the aspect of foam test,the optimum parameters were as follows: sample particle(screened with 3 sieves) 0. 3 g,a test tube with plug and scale,water 10 m L and airtight,forced shaking up and down for 1 min,settling for 5 min. Such method can be used to identify C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. The volume of foams produced by C. officinalis and its adulterant and different ratio of doped adulterant showed no change within 5-30 min,slightly decreases after9 h; the higher adulteration ratio; the larger volume of foam and better stability. The 8 batches of C. officinalis and8 batch of adulterants proved that the volume of the foams produced was all less than 2 m L in the C. officinalis,more than 13 m L in the adulterant is,and more than 5 m L in 5% doped adulterant,showing statistical difference.From the properties combined with foam test,5 specific identification elements were obtained for identifying C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. Conclusion: Through the 5 specific identification elements,the properties combined with foam test can be used to distinguish the C. officinalis from its adulterant C. officinalis and C. officinalis * C. capitata and doped adulterant,characterized by accuracy,simpleness,short time,low cost and feasibility. It can provide a new method and reference for identifying C. officinalis from its adulterant and doped adulterant.
Objective: To rapidly identify Cyathula officinalis and its adulterant C. capitata and C. officinalis* C. capitata and doped adulterant. Method: Properties combined with foam test method were used for identifying C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. In the aspect of properties,6 aspects including shape,size,texture,color,smell and taste,were observed,smelled and tasted. In the aspect of foam test,the volume of foam produced was used as the determination index to investigate the sample amount,water amount,shaking time,particle size,water temperature,repeatability,adulteration ratio and its stability. Result: In the aspect of properties, C. officinalis and its adulterant showed obvious difference in the shape, size, color,texture,smell and taste,especially the red color and bitter taste of its adulterant. In the aspect of foam test,the optimum parameters were as follows: sample particle(screened with 3 sieves) 0. 3 g,a test tube with plug and scale,water 10 m L and airtight,forced shaking up and down for 1 min,settling for 5 min. Such method can be used to identify C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. The volume of foams produced by C. officinalis and its adulterant and different ratio of doped adulterant showed no change within 5-30 min,slightly decreases after9 h; the higher adulteration ratio; the larger volume of foam and better stability. The 8 batches of C. officinalis and8 batch of adulterants proved that the volume of the foams produced was all less than 2 m L in the C. officinalis,more than 13 m L in the adulterant is,and more than 5 m L in 5% doped adulterant,showing statistical difference.From the properties combined with foam test,5 specific identification elements were obtained for identifying C. officinalis,its adulterant and doped adulterant. Conclusion: Through the 5 specific identification elements,the properties combined with foam test can be used to distinguish the C. officinalis from its adulterant C. officinalis and C. officinalis * C. capitata and doped adulterant,characterized by accuracy,simpleness,short time,low cost and feasibility. It can provide a new method and reference for identifying C. officinalis from its adulterant and doped adulterant.
引文
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[13]赵永亮,傅体华,范巧佳,等.川牛膝(Cyathula officinalis Kuan)RAPD和AFLP标记的多态性聚类分析[J].安徽农业科学,2008(16):6682-6686.
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[15]田孟良,官宇,刘帆,等.基于RAPD标记的SCAR分子标记技术鉴定川牛膝及其混淆品[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(8):953-956.
[16]廖彭莹,王东,杨崇仁,等.苋科牛膝资源植物的化学成分研究进展[J].中草药,2013,44(14):2019-2026.
[17]战皓,柳梦婷,方婧,等.近红外分析技术在中药鉴定和含量测定中的应用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(12):231-235.
[18]黎量,杨诗龙,胥敏,等.基于电子鼻、电子舌技术的山楂气、味鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(5):99-102.
[2]巫明焱,何兰,陈佳丽,等.基于3S技术和MaxEnt的川牛膝在中国的潜在分布及种植空缺分析[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(22):4395-4401.
[3]李成,马新建.道地药材之怀牛膝、川牛膝的本草考证[J].中医学报,2011,26(11):1336-1337.
[4]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:38.
[5]童凯,李昭玲,闫燊,等.基于HPLC指纹图谱比较分析川牛膝及其混淆品的化学成分特征[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(10):2424-2427.
[6]何光星,舒光明,宾雪英,等.川牛膝及其混淆品活血化瘀作用比较[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(10):2336-2339.
[7]赵华杰,舒光明,周先健,等.我国川牛膝资源分布及生产状况调查[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(5):414-415,471.
[8]孟祥松,蒋磊,于元元,等.三七花及其易混淆品的微性状鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(11):39-43.
[9]王凤云,蒋颖诗,赖小平.基于ND2基因序列的燕窝DNA条形码鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(13):36-40.
[10]黎洁文,赵树进.基于条形码ITS2序列的何首乌及其近缘种和混淆品的分子鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(9):80-84.
[11]赵磊.川牛膝及其常见混用品鉴别研究[J].亚太传统医药,2017,13(16):32-34.
[12]陈诗晴,蒲沁琳,陈小军,等.基于ITS序列分析技术鉴定川牛膝与常见伪品麻牛膝[J].中药与临床,2014,5(4):4-6.
[13]赵永亮,傅体华,范巧佳,等.川牛膝(Cyathula officinalis Kuan)RAPD和AFLP标记的多态性聚类分析[J].安徽农业科学,2008(16):6682-6686.
[14]范巧佳,李方安,李杰勤,等.川牛膝与其伪品头花杯苋及其杂交后代同工酶的研究[J].中药研究与信息,2004(4):24-26.
[15]田孟良,官宇,刘帆,等.基于RAPD标记的SCAR分子标记技术鉴定川牛膝及其混淆品[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(8):953-956.
[16]廖彭莹,王东,杨崇仁,等.苋科牛膝资源植物的化学成分研究进展[J].中草药,2013,44(14):2019-2026.
[17]战皓,柳梦婷,方婧,等.近红外分析技术在中药鉴定和含量测定中的应用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(12):231-235.
[18]黎量,杨诗龙,胥敏,等.基于电子鼻、电子舌技术的山楂气、味鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(5):99-102.