车身的最优承载度及正向概念设计方法
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摘要
在车身结构正向概念设计阶段,确定最优承载度对指导非承载式纯电动汽车车身轻量化设计具有重要意义。针对模块化的纯电动汽车结构建立了车身的简化几何模型;确定了多点集中载荷作用下非承载式车身承载度与耦合力的函数关系;建立了耦合力作用下车身与车架一致性回传刚度链计算模型;以弯曲刚度为约束条件,以整车质量最轻为目标函数进行优化,得到某款非承载式纯电动汽车的车身与车架各自承受载荷的最优比例及各梁简化截面属性参数。最后利用有限元法建模计算,验证了本文研究方法的合理性和有效性。
Known optimal loading degree is of great significance to guide the lightweight design of pure electric vehicles with body chassis frame construction,at the stage of positive conceptual design. In this paper,a simplified body model is established by reference to a pure electric vehicle with the modular structure. Function relation between loading degree of vehicle with body chassis frame construction under the action of multi-point concentrated load and coupling force is determined. Setting up the calculation model of car body and frame which are both under the action of coupling force by using reverberation-ray matrix stiffness chain,this design method ensures the consistency of the vehicle modeling process. This model considers bending stiffness as constraint conditions and takes vehicle lightweight as objective function for objective optimization,which is solved by using genetic algorithms to get the optimal proportion between body and frame and simplified beam section parameters of vehicle with body chassis frame construction. Finally,the stiffness and loading degree are calculated by using the finite element method,the results proved the rationality and validity of the research method.
Known optimal loading degree is of great significance to guide the lightweight design of pure electric vehicles with body chassis frame construction,at the stage of positive conceptual design. In this paper,a simplified body model is established by reference to a pure electric vehicle with the modular structure. Function relation between loading degree of vehicle with body chassis frame construction under the action of multi-point concentrated load and coupling force is determined. Setting up the calculation model of car body and frame which are both under the action of coupling force by using reverberation-ray matrix stiffness chain,this design method ensures the consistency of the vehicle modeling process. This model considers bending stiffness as constraint conditions and takes vehicle lightweight as objective function for objective optimization,which is solved by using genetic algorithms to get the optimal proportion between body and frame and simplified beam section parameters of vehicle with body chassis frame construction. Finally,the stiffness and loading degree are calculated by using the finite element method,the results proved the rationality and validity of the research method.
引文
[1]扶原放,金达锋,乔蔚炜.微型电动车车架结构优化设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(9):210-213Fu Y F,Jin D F,Qiao W W. Optimazation method for a mini electric vehicle frame structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(9):210-213(in Chinese)
[2]周姗姗.基于车身承载度的半承载式客车结构改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011Zhou S S. Coach structure refinement study based on bodywork loading factor[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2011(in Chinese)
[3] Hodkinson R,Fenton J. Lightweight electric/hybrid vehicle design[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:36-70
[4] Cavazzuti M,Merulla A,Bertocchi E,et al. Advanced high performance vehicle frame design by means of topology optimization[M]//Zingoni A. Advances and Trends in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation. Leiden, The Netherland:CRC Press,2010:279
[5]梁晨,何宁宁,姚俊贤,等.非承载式车身对整车刚度贡献率研究[J].机械强度,2009,31(6):887-891Liang C,He N N,Yao J X,et al. Study on stiffness contribution of separate type body to whole frame-body structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2009,31(6):887-891(in Chinese)
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[7]田海豹.基于刚度链方法的车身概念设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013Tian H B. Study on conceptual design of car body using stiffness chain[D]. Changsha:Hunan University,2013(in Chinese)
[8]陈毅强,刘子建.电动汽车车身的回传射线矩阵刚度链分析方法[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(23):3252-3258,3265Chen Y Q,Liu Z J. Analysis method of reverberation-ray matrix stiffness chain for electric vehicle bodies[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(23):3252-3258,3265(in Chinese)
[9]高尚鹏,高永光,高相森,等.基于曲率梳的车身A级曲面评价方法[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2009(10):11-14Gao S P,Gao Y G,Gao X S,et al. Evaluating method for class A surfaces based on curvature comb[J].Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2009(10):11-14(in Chinese)
[10]袁渊.客车车身骨架的静强度分析与轻量化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006Yuan Y. Static strength analysis and lightweight research of bus body frame[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2006(in Chinese)
[11] Li M B,Xu H,Li W M,et al. The structure and control method of hybrid power source for electric vehicle[J].Energy,2016,112:1273-1285
[12] Ehsani M,Gao Y M,Gay S E,et al. Modern electric,hybrid electric,and fuel cell vehicles:fundamentals,theory and design[M]. Boca Raton,FL:CRC,2005
[13]杨姝,王赢利,亓昌,等.纯电动汽车白车身拓扑优化设计及性能验证[J].实验室科学,2012,15(6):37-39,43Yang S,Wang Y L,Qi C,et al. Topology optimization designing and performance testing for body-in-white of pure electric vehicle[J]. Laboratory Science,2012,15(6):37-39,43(in Chinese)
[14] Zhang J,Nie G H. Method of reverberation ray matrix for static analysis of planar framed structures composed of anisotropic Timoshenko beam members[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2015,36(2):233-242
[15]乔蔚炜,金达锋,于兴林.微型电动车车身结构优化设计中性能指标的确定方法[J].天津汽车,2008(8):36-38,43Qiao W W,Jin D F,Yu X L. Research on performance determination method of a mini electric car body[J].Tianjin Auto,2008(8):36-38,43(in Chinese)
[16] Fredricson H. Topology optimization of frame structuresjoint penalty and material selection[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2005,30(3):193-200
[17]祝慧,葛广凯,朱纪成,等.非承载式车身静刚度分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2014,52(5):50-52Zhu H,Ge G K,Zhu J C,et al. Analysis on rigidity of body on frame[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2014,52(5):50-52(in Chinese)
[2]周姗姗.基于车身承载度的半承载式客车结构改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011Zhou S S. Coach structure refinement study based on bodywork loading factor[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2011(in Chinese)
[3] Hodkinson R,Fenton J. Lightweight electric/hybrid vehicle design[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:36-70
[4] Cavazzuti M,Merulla A,Bertocchi E,et al. Advanced high performance vehicle frame design by means of topology optimization[M]//Zingoni A. Advances and Trends in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation. Leiden, The Netherland:CRC Press,2010:279
[5]梁晨,何宁宁,姚俊贤,等.非承载式车身对整车刚度贡献率研究[J].机械强度,2009,31(6):887-891Liang C,He N N,Yao J X,et al. Study on stiffness contribution of separate type body to whole frame-body structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2009,31(6):887-891(in Chinese)
[6]高云凯,邵力行,张海华.微型电动车非承载式车身轻量化研究[J].汽车工程,2008,30(9):808-810Gao Y K,Shao L X,Zhang H H. Development of skeleton structure for the frame/body construction of a mini electric vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering,2008,30(9):808-810(in Chinese)
[7]田海豹.基于刚度链方法的车身概念设计研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013Tian H B. Study on conceptual design of car body using stiffness chain[D]. Changsha:Hunan University,2013(in Chinese)
[8]陈毅强,刘子建.电动汽车车身的回传射线矩阵刚度链分析方法[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(23):3252-3258,3265Chen Y Q,Liu Z J. Analysis method of reverberation-ray matrix stiffness chain for electric vehicle bodies[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(23):3252-3258,3265(in Chinese)
[9]高尚鹏,高永光,高相森,等.基于曲率梳的车身A级曲面评价方法[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2009(10):11-14Gao S P,Gao Y G,Gao X S,et al. Evaluating method for class A surfaces based on curvature comb[J].Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2009(10):11-14(in Chinese)
[10]袁渊.客车车身骨架的静强度分析与轻量化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006Yuan Y. Static strength analysis and lightweight research of bus body frame[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2006(in Chinese)
[11] Li M B,Xu H,Li W M,et al. The structure and control method of hybrid power source for electric vehicle[J].Energy,2016,112:1273-1285
[12] Ehsani M,Gao Y M,Gay S E,et al. Modern electric,hybrid electric,and fuel cell vehicles:fundamentals,theory and design[M]. Boca Raton,FL:CRC,2005
[13]杨姝,王赢利,亓昌,等.纯电动汽车白车身拓扑优化设计及性能验证[J].实验室科学,2012,15(6):37-39,43Yang S,Wang Y L,Qi C,et al. Topology optimization designing and performance testing for body-in-white of pure electric vehicle[J]. Laboratory Science,2012,15(6):37-39,43(in Chinese)
[14] Zhang J,Nie G H. Method of reverberation ray matrix for static analysis of planar framed structures composed of anisotropic Timoshenko beam members[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2015,36(2):233-242
[15]乔蔚炜,金达锋,于兴林.微型电动车车身结构优化设计中性能指标的确定方法[J].天津汽车,2008(8):36-38,43Qiao W W,Jin D F,Yu X L. Research on performance determination method of a mini electric car body[J].Tianjin Auto,2008(8):36-38,43(in Chinese)
[16] Fredricson H. Topology optimization of frame structuresjoint penalty and material selection[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2005,30(3):193-200
[17]祝慧,葛广凯,朱纪成,等.非承载式车身静刚度分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2014,52(5):50-52Zhu H,Ge G K,Zhu J C,et al. Analysis on rigidity of body on frame[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2014,52(5):50-52(in Chinese)