一种新型配比化肥在玉米生产中的应用
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摘要
为明确一种新型配比化肥在山西省春玉米上的一次性施用效果,通过开展田间试验,测定了该新型肥料施用与常规施肥条件下3个玉米品种的株高、秃尖长、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒质量、产量。结果表明,新型肥料对3个玉米品种的株高、穗粗、穗行数影响较小,对秃尖长、穗长、行粒数、千粒质量等产量指标有一定的影响,增产幅度在20%以上。说明新型配比化肥对玉米生长和产量有利,这种施肥方式减少了田间操作次数,降低了经济成本,具有广阔的应用前景。
To clarify the effect of new formula fertilizer application on spring maize production in Shanxi province, the plant height,bald length, spike length, ear diameter, ear number, line grain number, 1 000-grain quality, yield of three maize varieties under the new fertilizer application and the conventional fertilization were measured by conducting field experiment. The results showed that plant height, ear diameter, ear number were less affected by new formula fertilizer treatment, yield indicators such as bald length, spike length,grain number, 1 000-grain quality were greater impacted, and yield increased more than 20%. The study result shows that the new formula fertilizers are good for the growth and yield of maize. This fertilization method reduces the frequency of field operations and reduces the economic cost, and has broad application prospects.
To clarify the effect of new formula fertilizer application on spring maize production in Shanxi province, the plant height,bald length, spike length, ear diameter, ear number, line grain number, 1 000-grain quality, yield of three maize varieties under the new fertilizer application and the conventional fertilization were measured by conducting field experiment. The results showed that plant height, ear diameter, ear number were less affected by new formula fertilizer treatment, yield indicators such as bald length, spike length,grain number, 1 000-grain quality were greater impacted, and yield increased more than 20%. The study result shows that the new formula fertilizers are good for the growth and yield of maize. This fertilization method reduces the frequency of field operations and reduces the economic cost, and has broad application prospects.
引文
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[8]南镇武,刘树堂,袁铭章,等.长期定位施肥土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累特征及其与玉米产量的关系[J].华北农学报,2016,31(2):176-181.
[9]张慧霞,周怀平,杨振兴,等.长期施肥对旱地土壤剖面硝态氮分布和累积的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):465-469.
[10]刘欢,陈苗苗,孙志梅,等.氮肥调控对小麦/玉米产量、氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(1):232-238.
[11]房琴,高影,王红光.密度和施氮量对超高产夏玉米干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(Z):133-138.
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[14]刘建中,李振声,李继云.利用植物自身潜力提高土壤中磷的生物有效性[J].生态农业研究,1994,2(1):16-23.
[15]龚江,李绍长,夏春兰,等.低磷胁迫下玉米自交系磷高效基因型筛选[J].新疆农业科学,2002,39(2):77-81.
[16]李绍长,龚江,王军.玉米自交系苗期耐低磷基因型的筛选[J].玉米科学,2003,11(3):85-89.
[17]王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,等.玉米自交系苗期生物学性状与磷效率的相关性[J].山西农业大学学报,2003,23(1):28-31.
[18]王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,等.玉米自交系磷效率基因型差异的筛选[J].山西农业科学,2003,31(1):7-10.
[19]米国华,邢建平,陈范骏,等.玉米苗期根系生长与耐低磷的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):468-472.
[2]张世贤.中国的农业发展及平衡施肥在农业生产中的应用[C]//中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所.国际平衡施肥学术讨论会论文集.北京:农业出版社,1989.
[3]尤·李比希.化学在农业和生理学上的应用[M].刘更另,译.北京:农业出版社,1982.
[4]周鸣铮.测土施肥的科学基础[J].土壤通报,1984(4):156-160.
[5]刘蝴蝶,李晓萍,赵国平,等.山西省主要耕作土壤肥力现状及变化规律[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(1):73-77.
[6]李永平,王孟本,史向远,等.不同耕作方式对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(7):723-727.
[7]江晓东,迟淑筠,宁堂原,等.秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦、玉米产量与品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(12):44-47.
[8]南镇武,刘树堂,袁铭章,等.长期定位施肥土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累特征及其与玉米产量的关系[J].华北农学报,2016,31(2):176-181.
[9]张慧霞,周怀平,杨振兴,等.长期施肥对旱地土壤剖面硝态氮分布和累积的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):465-469.
[10]刘欢,陈苗苗,孙志梅,等.氮肥调控对小麦/玉米产量、氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(1):232-238.
[11]房琴,高影,王红光.密度和施氮量对超高产夏玉米干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(Z):133-138.
[12]WISSUWA M.How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?Small causes with big effects[J].Plant Physiology,2003,133:1947-1958.
[13]ABEL S,TI CCONI C C,DELATORRE C A.Phosphate sensing in higher plants[J].Physiol Plant,2002,115:1-8.
[14]刘建中,李振声,李继云.利用植物自身潜力提高土壤中磷的生物有效性[J].生态农业研究,1994,2(1):16-23.
[15]龚江,李绍长,夏春兰,等.低磷胁迫下玉米自交系磷高效基因型筛选[J].新疆农业科学,2002,39(2):77-81.
[16]李绍长,龚江,王军.玉米自交系苗期耐低磷基因型的筛选[J].玉米科学,2003,11(3):85-89.
[17]王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,等.玉米自交系苗期生物学性状与磷效率的相关性[J].山西农业大学学报,2003,23(1):28-31.
[18]王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,等.玉米自交系磷效率基因型差异的筛选[J].山西农业科学,2003,31(1):7-10.
[19]米国华,邢建平,陈范骏,等.玉米苗期根系生长与耐低磷的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):468-472.