固氮菌肥对山西道地黄芪品质及产量的影响
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摘要
为研制黄芪高效固N菌肥,将山西农业大学生命科学学院实验室保存的3株优势固氮菌株G4,J1,J2混合制成固氮菌肥GJ,施于3年生蒙古黄芪根部,测定黄芪生物量及主要药效成分黄酮、皂苷、多糖含量,研究固氮菌对黄芪生长及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施用固氮菌肥可明显促进黄芪生长及药效成分的合成与积累,与对照相比,株高、根长、地上地下干质量分别提高23.24%,36.25%,34.49%,63.47%,3种药效成分黄酮、皂苷、多糖含量分别提高21.51%,21.52%,57.42%。黄芪固氮菌回接于根际土壤,能有效促进黄芪的生长和品质的提高,可为开发固氮菌肥、规范黄芪生态种植提供理论基础及技术支撑。
To develop Astragalus membranaceus N-fixing bacterial fertilizer with high efficiency, nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer GJ was prepared by mixing three dominant nitrogen-fixing strains G4, J1 and J2 preserved in laboratory of College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University, application of root of 3-year-old Astragalus mongolicus, astragalus root biomass and main efficacy components flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides content were determined, effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria on growth, yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus was studied. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of Astragalus membranaceus and the synthesis and accumulation of its effective components. Compared with the control group, the plant height, root length, aboveground and underground dry quality of Astragalus membranaceus increased by 23.24%,36.25%, 34.49% and 63.47%, respectively, and the content of flavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides of the three effective components increased by 21.51%, 21.52% and 57.42%, respectively. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of Astragalus membranaceus are reattached to the rhizosphere soil, which can effectively promote the growth and quality improvement of Astragalus membranaceus, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer and the standardization of ecological planting of Astragalus membranaceus.
To develop Astragalus membranaceus N-fixing bacterial fertilizer with high efficiency, nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer GJ was prepared by mixing three dominant nitrogen-fixing strains G4, J1 and J2 preserved in laboratory of College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University, application of root of 3-year-old Astragalus mongolicus, astragalus root biomass and main efficacy components flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides content were determined, effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria on growth, yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus was studied. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of Astragalus membranaceus and the synthesis and accumulation of its effective components. Compared with the control group, the plant height, root length, aboveground and underground dry quality of Astragalus membranaceus increased by 23.24%,36.25%, 34.49% and 63.47%, respectively, and the content of flavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides of the three effective components increased by 21.51%, 21.52% and 57.42%, respectively. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of Astragalus membranaceus are reattached to the rhizosphere soil, which can effectively promote the growth and quality improvement of Astragalus membranaceus, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer and the standardization of ecological planting of Astragalus membranaceus.
引文
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[17]康传志,王升,黄璐琦,等.中药材生态种植模式及技术的评估[J].中国现代中药,2018,20(10):1189-1194.
[18]郭兰萍,吕朝耕,王红阳,等.中药生态农业与几种相关现代农业及GAP的关系[J].中国现代中药,2018,20(10):1179-1188.
[19]赵凯鹏.两株固氮性细菌的生物学特性及其对铁皮石斛生长的影响[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.
[20]杨庆锋,杜迎辉,刘峰.根瘤菌肥对花生主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014(5):93-95.
[21]曾卫东,热西代·乃吉米丁,巴哈尔古力·艾西热莆,等.神锄复合微生物菌肥对番茄田列当的防效及增产试验[J].现代农业科技,2016(11):97.
[22]张堃,姚拓,张德罡,等.高寒地区联合固氮菌肥对青稞的促生效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):708-713.
[23]杨映环,何庆元,梅绍祥.不同苜蓿根瘤菌固氮能力和黄酮变异研究[J].草业与畜牧,2012(5):4-7.
[24]张晓波,赵艳.结缕草根际联合固氮菌培养条件研究[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(5):65-68.
[25]BHATTACHARJEE R B,SINGH A,MUKHOPADHYAY S N. Use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as biofertiliser for non-legumes:prospects and challenges[J]. Appl Microb Biotech,2008,80(2):199-209.
[2]欧阳雪庆,罗霆,杨丽涛,等.甘蔗内生固氮菌液浸种对甘蔗生长前期氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2010,41(5):416-418.
[3]伍惠,钟喆栋,王学路,等.与黑龙江大豆主栽品种匹配的优良根瘤菌筛选与鉴定[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(1):39-46.
[4]栾敏.土壤自生固氮菌的分离鉴定及生物固氮与促进植物生长效应研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007.
[5] ED-HAUNCHANG,REN-SHIHCHUNG,YUONG-HOWTSAI.Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2007,53(2):9.
[6]杜文静,刘锦霞,李晶,等.甘肃地区道地药材根际固氮微生物分离鉴定[J].土壤与作物,2017,6(1):67-72.
[7]山西省五类中药材拿到国家标准的道地药材身份证[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2004,11(8):740-740.
[8]姚美村,齐莹.黄芪药效物质基础研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2000(2):33-36.
[9]周吉燕,樊懿,孔建龙,等.黄芪中不同提取成分对在体大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的心功能影响[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(5):300-302.
[10]ZHOU L,LIU Z,WANG Z,et al. Astragalus polysaccharides exerts immunomodulatory effects via TLR4-mediated My D88-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7:44822.
[11]马玉珍,史清亮,庞金梅,等.黄芪根瘤菌Am8403菌株的分离与回接[J].山西农业科学,1988(11):9-10.
[12]薛智权,唐中伟,李浩,等.山西黄芪根际固氮菌的分离与应用[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(7):483-488.
[13]时维静,李立顺,陆凤琪,等.可见及紫外分光光度法测定中药复方总黄酮的比较[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2008,18(6):1071-1073.
[14]刘玉珍,吕云凤.益寿永贞膏中人参皂甙的含量测定[J].中成药,1995(10):16-17.
[15]张立,马琼,何永利,等.灵芝、香菇、黄芪、枸杞提取物中多糖的含量测定[J].中草药,2004,35(2):167-168.
[16]梁建萍,贾小云,刘亚令,等.干旱胁迫对蒙古黄芪生长及根部次生代谢物含量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4415-4422.
[17]康传志,王升,黄璐琦,等.中药材生态种植模式及技术的评估[J].中国现代中药,2018,20(10):1189-1194.
[18]郭兰萍,吕朝耕,王红阳,等.中药生态农业与几种相关现代农业及GAP的关系[J].中国现代中药,2018,20(10):1179-1188.
[19]赵凯鹏.两株固氮性细菌的生物学特性及其对铁皮石斛生长的影响[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.
[20]杨庆锋,杜迎辉,刘峰.根瘤菌肥对花生主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014(5):93-95.
[21]曾卫东,热西代·乃吉米丁,巴哈尔古力·艾西热莆,等.神锄复合微生物菌肥对番茄田列当的防效及增产试验[J].现代农业科技,2016(11):97.
[22]张堃,姚拓,张德罡,等.高寒地区联合固氮菌肥对青稞的促生效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):708-713.
[23]杨映环,何庆元,梅绍祥.不同苜蓿根瘤菌固氮能力和黄酮变异研究[J].草业与畜牧,2012(5):4-7.
[24]张晓波,赵艳.结缕草根际联合固氮菌培养条件研究[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(5):65-68.
[25]BHATTACHARJEE R B,SINGH A,MUKHOPADHYAY S N. Use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as biofertiliser for non-legumes:prospects and challenges[J]. Appl Microb Biotech,2008,80(2):199-209.