太湖流域水污染权交易制度比较分析——基于环湖六市的调研
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摘要
太湖流域作为全国经济发达的地区之一,水环境污染成为制约太湖流域可持续发展的重要因素。同时作为水污染权交易制度实施最早的流域,该制度在太湖流域理论与实践层面探索经验的总结对排污许可制度的应用和排污权交易的推广有着重要的理论意义和紧迫的现实意义。本文通过对嘉兴、湖州、苏州、无锡、常州及上海地方经验的调研,从制度设计、产权界定、信息披露、制度效率等方面进行比较分析,发现市场主导型的水污染权交易模式可以显著提高政策绩效,而交易市场的规模是交易制度推广实施的关键,最后,提出建立太湖流域统一水污染权交易市场等的政策建议。
As one of the national economy developed areas, water pollution have become a serious constraint to the sustainable development in Taihu Lake basin. At the same time, as the earliest basin carrying out Water Pollution Emission Trading policy, the summary of the policy experience in Taihu basin has great theoretical and practical importance on the promotion of setting up emission permits and operating pollution emission trading. From the investigation in Jiaxing, Huzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Shanghai, a comparative analysis was made in the aspects of system design, property right transaction, information disclosure and system efficiency. As a result, we find that market-orientated model can significantly improve system performance, and the size of the trading market is the key to the implementation of the trading system. Finally, we put forward several suggestions on how to unify the Water Pollution Emission Trading market according to these problems and discoveries.
As one of the national economy developed areas, water pollution have become a serious constraint to the sustainable development in Taihu Lake basin. At the same time, as the earliest basin carrying out Water Pollution Emission Trading policy, the summary of the policy experience in Taihu basin has great theoretical and practical importance on the promotion of setting up emission permits and operating pollution emission trading. From the investigation in Jiaxing, Huzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Shanghai, a comparative analysis was made in the aspects of system design, property right transaction, information disclosure and system efficiency. As a result, we find that market-orientated model can significantly improve system performance, and the size of the trading market is the key to the implementation of the trading system. Finally, we put forward several suggestions on how to unify the Water Pollution Emission Trading market according to these problems and discoveries.
引文
[1]水利部.太湖流域及东南诸河水资源公报[A/OL].2014(2015-11-09)[2016-12-06].http://www.tba.gov.cn//tba/content/TBA/lygb/szygb/0000000000008320.html
[1]COASE R H.The problem of social cost[J].The Journal of law&economics,1960,3(1):1-44.
[2]DALES J H.Pollution,Property and Prices:An Essay in Policy-making and Economics[M].Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1968:10-12.
[3]MONTGOMERY W D.Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs[J].Journal of economic theory,1972,5(3):396-418.
[4]沈满洪,谢慧明.生态经济化的实证与规范分析--以嘉兴市排污权有偿使用案为例[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2010,10(6):27-34.
[5]刘文琨,肖伟华,黄介生,等.水污染物总量控制研究进展及问题分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(8):9-12.
[6]毕军,周国梅,张炳,等.排污权有偿使用的初始分配价格研究[J].经济政策,2007(13):51-54.
[7]王金南,张炳,吴悦颖,等.中国排污权有偿使用和交易:实践与展望[J].环境保护,2014,42(14):22-25.
[8]MARCHIORI C,SAYRE S S,SIMON L K.On the implementation and performance of water rights buyback schemes[J].Water resources management,2012,26(10):2799-2816.
[9]乔小楠,段小刚.总量控制、区际排污指标分配与经济绩效[J].经济研究,2012(10):121-133.
[10]周树勋,陈齐.排污权交易的浙江模式[J].环境经济,2012(3):55-57.
[11]柳萍,王鑫勇,任益萍.排污权交易制度与价格管理研究--以浙江省为例[J].价格理论与实践,2012(4):13-15.
[12]F?RE R,GROSSKOPF S,PASURKA C A JR.Tradable permits and unrealized gains from trade[J].Energy economics,2013,40:416-424.
[13]刘年磊,蒋洪强,卢亚灵,等.水污染物总量控制目标分配研究--考虑主体功能区环境约束[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):80-87.
[14]吴琼,董战峰,张炳,等.排污权交易:渐呈蓬勃之势[J].环境经济,2014(1-2):37-41.
[15]王洁方.总量控制下流域初始排污权分配的竞争性混合决策方法[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):88-92.
[16]国家海洋局.中国海洋统计年鉴[M].海洋出版社,2010-2013.
[17]丁纯洁,瞿建华.江阴新闻:江阴排污权交易试行5年730家企业告别“免费午餐”时代[N/OL].(2014-05-04)[2016-07-08].http://www.ijiangyin.com/article-299808-1.html
[18]周树勋.排污权核定及案例[M].浙江人民出版社,2014.
[19]埃瑞克·G·菲吕博顿,鲁道夫·瑞切特.新制度经济学[M].上海财经大学出版,1998.
[20]袁群.国外流域水污染治理经验对长江流域水污染治理的启示[J].水利科技与经济,2013,19(4):1-4.
a本文所指太湖流域包括:苏州、无锡、常州、湖州、嘉兴、上海青浦地区,由于安徽省占地域面积只有1%,故忽略不计。
a数据来源:2012年江苏省排污权有偿使用和交易试点工作报告
b笔者根据苏州、无锡、常州三市环保局政策公开栏目统计所得。
a在课题进展讨论中,浙江大学范柏乃教授启发指点。
[1]COASE R H.The problem of social cost[J].The Journal of law&economics,1960,3(1):1-44.
[2]DALES J H.Pollution,Property and Prices:An Essay in Policy-making and Economics[M].Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1968:10-12.
[3]MONTGOMERY W D.Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs[J].Journal of economic theory,1972,5(3):396-418.
[4]沈满洪,谢慧明.生态经济化的实证与规范分析--以嘉兴市排污权有偿使用案为例[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2010,10(6):27-34.
[5]刘文琨,肖伟华,黄介生,等.水污染物总量控制研究进展及问题分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(8):9-12.
[6]毕军,周国梅,张炳,等.排污权有偿使用的初始分配价格研究[J].经济政策,2007(13):51-54.
[7]王金南,张炳,吴悦颖,等.中国排污权有偿使用和交易:实践与展望[J].环境保护,2014,42(14):22-25.
[8]MARCHIORI C,SAYRE S S,SIMON L K.On the implementation and performance of water rights buyback schemes[J].Water resources management,2012,26(10):2799-2816.
[9]乔小楠,段小刚.总量控制、区际排污指标分配与经济绩效[J].经济研究,2012(10):121-133.
[10]周树勋,陈齐.排污权交易的浙江模式[J].环境经济,2012(3):55-57.
[11]柳萍,王鑫勇,任益萍.排污权交易制度与价格管理研究--以浙江省为例[J].价格理论与实践,2012(4):13-15.
[12]F?RE R,GROSSKOPF S,PASURKA C A JR.Tradable permits and unrealized gains from trade[J].Energy economics,2013,40:416-424.
[13]刘年磊,蒋洪强,卢亚灵,等.水污染物总量控制目标分配研究--考虑主体功能区环境约束[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):80-87.
[14]吴琼,董战峰,张炳,等.排污权交易:渐呈蓬勃之势[J].环境经济,2014(1-2):37-41.
[15]王洁方.总量控制下流域初始排污权分配的竞争性混合决策方法[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):88-92.
[16]国家海洋局.中国海洋统计年鉴[M].海洋出版社,2010-2013.
[17]丁纯洁,瞿建华.江阴新闻:江阴排污权交易试行5年730家企业告别“免费午餐”时代[N/OL].(2014-05-04)[2016-07-08].http://www.ijiangyin.com/article-299808-1.html
[18]周树勋.排污权核定及案例[M].浙江人民出版社,2014.
[19]埃瑞克·G·菲吕博顿,鲁道夫·瑞切特.新制度经济学[M].上海财经大学出版,1998.
[20]袁群.国外流域水污染治理经验对长江流域水污染治理的启示[J].水利科技与经济,2013,19(4):1-4.
a本文所指太湖流域包括:苏州、无锡、常州、湖州、嘉兴、上海青浦地区,由于安徽省占地域面积只有1%,故忽略不计。
a数据来源:2012年江苏省排污权有偿使用和交易试点工作报告
b笔者根据苏州、无锡、常州三市环保局政策公开栏目统计所得。
a在课题进展讨论中,浙江大学范柏乃教授启发指点。