技术标准限制中国出口贸易了吗?——来自机电行业的证据
|
摘要
本文首先构建一个出口优势转换的基准分析框架阐述技术标准的贸易促进效应。在此基础上利用2005-2014年中国与21个主要贸易伙伴国(地区)的机电产品HS-6位的出口数据实证分析技术标准对中国机电产品出口的影响。分析结果表明技术标准对中国机电产品的出口总量、集约边际和扩展边际都呈现显著正向促进效应。在国别分组回归模型中,技术标准对OECD国家的集约边际和扩展边际依旧显著为正,而对非OECD国家的扩展边际效应不显著。本研究将技术标准的贸易正效应研究从总量效应拓展到二元边际效应,解析机电产品出口中的技术标准正向贸易效应的具体表现特征,以此展示技术标准贸易效应的全息景象,进而为全面认识技术标准的贸易效应,构建技术标准的分类应对机制提供重要依据。
This paper firstly establishes a benchmark analysis framework of export advantage transformation and explains the trade promotion effect of technical standards.On this basis,it makes empirical analysis of the impact of technical standards to the export of Chinese electromechanical products with the HS-6 export data of electromechanical products of China and 21 major trading partner countries(regions) in the years from 2005 to 2014.The results show that the technical standards have a significant positive effect on the total export,intensive margin and extended margin of China electromechanical products.In the country group regression model,technical standard is still positive for the OECD countries' intensive margin and expansion margin,while it is not significant for the the marginal effect of non OECD countries.This study will research the trade positive effect of technical standard from quantum effect to bivariate marginal effect,explain the specific performance characteristics of positive trade effects of technical standards for the export of electromechanical products in order to show the hologram of trade effect of technical standards,so as to fully understand the trade effect of technical standards and provide an important basis for the classification coping mechanism of technical standards.
This paper firstly establishes a benchmark analysis framework of export advantage transformation and explains the trade promotion effect of technical standards.On this basis,it makes empirical analysis of the impact of technical standards to the export of Chinese electromechanical products with the HS-6 export data of electromechanical products of China and 21 major trading partner countries(regions) in the years from 2005 to 2014.The results show that the technical standards have a significant positive effect on the total export,intensive margin and extended margin of China electromechanical products.In the country group regression model,technical standard is still positive for the OECD countries' intensive margin and expansion margin,while it is not significant for the the marginal effect of non OECD countries.This study will research the trade positive effect of technical standard from quantum effect to bivariate marginal effect,explain the specific performance characteristics of positive trade effects of technical standards for the export of electromechanical products in order to show the hologram of trade effect of technical standards,so as to fully understand the trade effect of technical standards and provide an important basis for the classification coping mechanism of technical standards.
引文
[1]Chaney,T.,“Distorted Gravity:The Intensive and Extensive Margins of International Trade”[J],American Economic Review,2008,98(4),1707-1721.
[2]Czubala,W.Shepherd B.&Wilson S.Help or hindrance?The impact of harmonized standards on African exports[R].The World Bank Working Paper,2007.
[3]Disdier,A.C.Fontagné,L.&Mimouni M.The impact of regulations on agricultural trade:evidence from SPS and TBTagreements[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2008,90(2):336-350.
[4]Drogue S.,Gozalan E.Trade-distorting SPS and TBTregulations in the EU?A qualitative assessment from the market for live plants and cut flowers[M].TRADEAG Working Papers 7216,2007.
[5]Head,K.&Mayer,T.The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade[R].CEPR Working Paper 3985,2004.
[6]James,A.&Eric W..Gravity with gravitas:a solution to the border puzzle[J].The American Economic Review,2003,93(1):170-192.
[7]Swann P.,Paul T.,Shurmer M.Standards and trade performance:the UK experience[J].Economic Journal,1996,106(438):1297-1313.
[8]Yue,C.,Hall,C.R.,Behe,B.K.,Campbell,B.L.,Dennis,J.H.&Lopez,R.G..Are consumers willing to pay more for biodegradable containers than for plastic ones?[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2010,42(4):757-772.
[9]鲍晓华,朱钟棣.技术性贸易壁垒的测量及其对中国进口贸易的影响[J].世界经济,2006(7):3-14.
[10]鲍晓华,严晓杰.中国农产品出口的二元边际测度SPS措施的影响研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(6):33-41.
[11]鲍晓华,朱达明.技术性贸易壁垒与出口的边际效应--基于产业贸易流量的检验[J].经济学(季刊),2014(4):1393-1414.
[12]鲍晓华.我国技术性贸易壁垒的贸易效应--基于行业数据的经验研究[J].经济管理,2010a(12):7-15.
[13]鲍晓华.技术性贸易壁垒的量度工具及其应用研究:文献述评[J].财贸经济,2010b(6):89-97.
[14]鲍晓华.技术性贸易壁垒及其自由化对谷物出口的影响--基于中国数据的实证检验和政策模拟[J].经济管理,2010c(7):20-28.
[15]顾国达,牛晓婧,张钱江.技术壁垒对国际贸易影响的实证分析--以中日茶叶贸易为例[J].国际贸易问题,2007(6):74-80.
[16]李春顶.技术性贸易壁垒对出口国的经济效应综合分析[J].国际贸易问题,2005(7):74-79.
[17]钱学锋.企业异质性、贸易成本与中国出口增长的二元边际[J].管理世界,2008(9):48-56+66+187.
[18]钱学锋,熊平.中国出口增长的二元边际及其因素决定[J].经济研究,2010(1):65-79.
[19]覃琼霞.农产品TBT贸易效应测度偏误研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2013.
[20]秦臻,倪艳.SPS措施对中国农产品出口贸易影响的实证分析--基于HMR法和极大似然法的比较[J].国际贸易问题,2014(12):37-47.
[21]宋海英,Jensen H.H.SPS措施对中国蜂蜜出口欧盟的影响--基于面板数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(1):83-91.
[22]孙晓琴,吴勇.技术性贸易壁垒对中国产业竞争力中长期影响的实证分析--基于四大行业的比较研究[J].国际贸易问题,2006(5):80-85.
[23]王孝松,施炳展,谢申祥,赵春明.贸易壁垒如何影响了中国的出口边际?--以反倾销为例的经验研究[J].经济研究,2014(11):58-71.
[24]王绍媛、李国鹏.TBT对中国装备制造企业出口二元边际影响的实证分析--基于两阶段重力模型[J].宏观经济研究,2016(8):74-83.
[2]Czubala,W.Shepherd B.&Wilson S.Help or hindrance?The impact of harmonized standards on African exports[R].The World Bank Working Paper,2007.
[3]Disdier,A.C.Fontagné,L.&Mimouni M.The impact of regulations on agricultural trade:evidence from SPS and TBTagreements[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2008,90(2):336-350.
[4]Drogue S.,Gozalan E.Trade-distorting SPS and TBTregulations in the EU?A qualitative assessment from the market for live plants and cut flowers[M].TRADEAG Working Papers 7216,2007.
[5]Head,K.&Mayer,T.The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade[R].CEPR Working Paper 3985,2004.
[6]James,A.&Eric W..Gravity with gravitas:a solution to the border puzzle[J].The American Economic Review,2003,93(1):170-192.
[7]Swann P.,Paul T.,Shurmer M.Standards and trade performance:the UK experience[J].Economic Journal,1996,106(438):1297-1313.
[8]Yue,C.,Hall,C.R.,Behe,B.K.,Campbell,B.L.,Dennis,J.H.&Lopez,R.G..Are consumers willing to pay more for biodegradable containers than for plastic ones?[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2010,42(4):757-772.
[9]鲍晓华,朱钟棣.技术性贸易壁垒的测量及其对中国进口贸易的影响[J].世界经济,2006(7):3-14.
[10]鲍晓华,严晓杰.中国农产品出口的二元边际测度SPS措施的影响研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(6):33-41.
[11]鲍晓华,朱达明.技术性贸易壁垒与出口的边际效应--基于产业贸易流量的检验[J].经济学(季刊),2014(4):1393-1414.
[12]鲍晓华.我国技术性贸易壁垒的贸易效应--基于行业数据的经验研究[J].经济管理,2010a(12):7-15.
[13]鲍晓华.技术性贸易壁垒的量度工具及其应用研究:文献述评[J].财贸经济,2010b(6):89-97.
[14]鲍晓华.技术性贸易壁垒及其自由化对谷物出口的影响--基于中国数据的实证检验和政策模拟[J].经济管理,2010c(7):20-28.
[15]顾国达,牛晓婧,张钱江.技术壁垒对国际贸易影响的实证分析--以中日茶叶贸易为例[J].国际贸易问题,2007(6):74-80.
[16]李春顶.技术性贸易壁垒对出口国的经济效应综合分析[J].国际贸易问题,2005(7):74-79.
[17]钱学锋.企业异质性、贸易成本与中国出口增长的二元边际[J].管理世界,2008(9):48-56+66+187.
[18]钱学锋,熊平.中国出口增长的二元边际及其因素决定[J].经济研究,2010(1):65-79.
[19]覃琼霞.农产品TBT贸易效应测度偏误研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2013.
[20]秦臻,倪艳.SPS措施对中国农产品出口贸易影响的实证分析--基于HMR法和极大似然法的比较[J].国际贸易问题,2014(12):37-47.
[21]宋海英,Jensen H.H.SPS措施对中国蜂蜜出口欧盟的影响--基于面板数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(1):83-91.
[22]孙晓琴,吴勇.技术性贸易壁垒对中国产业竞争力中长期影响的实证分析--基于四大行业的比较研究[J].国际贸易问题,2006(5):80-85.
[23]王孝松,施炳展,谢申祥,赵春明.贸易壁垒如何影响了中国的出口边际?--以反倾销为例的经验研究[J].经济研究,2014(11):58-71.
[24]王绍媛、李国鹏.TBT对中国装备制造企业出口二元边际影响的实证分析--基于两阶段重力模型[J].宏观经济研究,2016(8):74-83.