基于低压电容器抑制起弧的混合直流断路器
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摘要
直流断路器的研发与推广相对滞后,阻碍着直流输电与配电的发展,目前国内外直流断路器主要存在成本高、体积大、运行损耗高等问题,针对这些问题本文提出了基于低压电容抑制起弧的混合直流断路器,机械开关K2与电容器C2并联的作用相当于辅助换流开关实现换流,代替传统强迫换流所用的电力电子模块,其通态损耗基本为零,且由于电容器不必承受高电压,降低了断路器的体积,减少了成本。根据不同应用场景可以实现常规燃弧与低电流燃弧的开断控制,并且能够满足故障电流的双向关断;通过PSCAD仿真实验验证了电路设计的正确性和有效性。
The development and popularization of DC circuit breakers have always hindered the development of DC transmission and distribution. At present,there are many problems with the DC circuit breakers in China and other countries,such as high cost,large volume,and high running loss.In view of these problems,a hybrid DC circuit breaker based on low-voltage capacitor suppression starting arc is proposed in this paper. The action of mechanical switch K2 in parallel with capacitor C2 corresponds to the commuting of an auxiliary converter switch,which replaces the power electronics module used for the conventional forced commutation;the on-state loss is basically zero,and because the capacitor does not have to withstand high voltage,the volume of the circuit breaker is reduced,thus lowering the cost.According to different application scenarios,the breaking control of the conventional arcing and low-current arcing can be realized,and the bidirectional turn-off of fault current can be satisfied. The correctness and validity of the circuit design are verified by PSCAD simulation experiments.
The development and popularization of DC circuit breakers have always hindered the development of DC transmission and distribution. At present,there are many problems with the DC circuit breakers in China and other countries,such as high cost,large volume,and high running loss.In view of these problems,a hybrid DC circuit breaker based on low-voltage capacitor suppression starting arc is proposed in this paper. The action of mechanical switch K2 in parallel with capacitor C2 corresponds to the commuting of an auxiliary converter switch,which replaces the power electronics module used for the conventional forced commutation;the on-state loss is basically zero,and because the capacitor does not have to withstand high voltage,the volume of the circuit breaker is reduced,thus lowering the cost.According to different application scenarios,the breaking control of the conventional arcing and low-current arcing can be realized,and the bidirectional turn-off of fault current can be satisfied. The correctness and validity of the circuit design are verified by PSCAD simulation experiments.
引文
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[2]王晨,庄劲武,张晓锋,等(Wang Chen,Zhuang Jinwu,Zhang Xiaofeng,et al).新型混合型限流断路器分析及试验(Analysis and test of novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breakers)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2010,34(15):60-65.
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[7]罗薇,黄纯,罗勋华,等(Luo Wei,Huang Chun,Luo Xunhua,et al).改进ACUSUM算法的自适应重合闸判据(Adaptive reclosure criterion based on improved ACU-SUM algorithm)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedingsof the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(9):136-142.
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[11]吕纲,曾嵘,黄瑜珑,等(LüGang,Zeng Rong,Huang Yulong,et al).10 kV自然换流型混合式直流断路器中真空电弧电流转移特性研究(Researches on commutating characteristics of mechanical vacuum switch in 10 kVnatural-commutate hybrid DC circuit breaker)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2017,37(4):1012-1020.
[12]魏晓光,杨兵建,贺之渊,等(Wei Xiaoguang,Yang Bingjian,He Zhiyuan,et al).级联全桥型直流断路器控制策略及其动态模拟试验(Control strategy and physical dynamic simulation of cascaded full-bridge DC circuit breaker)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2016,40(1):129-135.
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[15]严飞,盛国钊,倪学锋(Yan Fei,Sheng Guozhao,Ni Xuefeng).1 000 kV系统用并联电容器组不平衡保护设计(Study on unbalance protection design of shunt capacitor bank in 1 000 kV system)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2008,34(9):1856-1861.
[16]管红立,邹尊强,崔晓静,等(Guan Hongli,Zou Zunqiang,Cui Xiaojing,et al).中压直流断路器内部电弧特征分析与模型验证(Analysis and model validation of arc characteristics inside medium voltage direct current circuit breaker)[J].电工电气(Electrotechnics Electric),2016(12):13-17.
[17]Barbu B,Berger F.HVDC circuit breaker switching behavior analysis by means of Mayr equation[C]//International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment.Brasov,Romania,2017:122-127.
[18]Sawicki A,Switon L,Sosinski R.Process simulation in the AC welding arc circuit using a Cassie-Mayr hybrid model[J].Welding Journal,2011,90(3):41-44.
[19]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等(Li Xintao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al).基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性(Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[20]张祖安,黎小林,陈名,等(Zhang Zu’an,Li Xiaolin,Chen Ming,et al).混合式高压直流断路器中的快速机械开关研究(Research on fast mechanical switch in hybrid HVDC circuit breaker)[J].南方电网技术(Southern Power System Technology),2016,10(4):57-62.
[21]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等(Chen Zhengyu,Yu Zhanqing,LüGang,et al).基于IGCT串联的10 kV直流混合断路器研究(Researches on 10 k V DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCT series)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2016,36(2):317-326.
[22]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等(Huang Yulong,Zhang Zu’an,Wen Weijie,et al).高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究(Research on an uitrafast driver for HVDCcircuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[23]Bucher M K,Walter M M,Pfeiffer M,et al.Options for ground fault clearance in HVDC offshore networks[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Raleigh,USA,2012:2880-2887.
[2]王晨,庄劲武,张晓锋,等(Wang Chen,Zhuang Jinwu,Zhang Xiaofeng,et al).新型混合型限流断路器分析及试验(Analysis and test of novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breakers)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2010,34(15):60-65.
[3]Park S H,Jang H J,Chong J K,et al.Dynamic analysis of Thomson coil actuator for fast switch of HVDC circuit breaker[C]//3rd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology.Busan Korea,2016:425-430.
[4]Franck C M.HVDC circuit breakers:A review identifying future research needs[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):998-1007.
[5]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,陈政宇,等.一种基于换流驱动电路的混合式高压直流断路器[C]//中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会学术年会.西安,2015.
[6]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,吕纲,等(Wen Weijie,Huang Yulong,LüGang,et al).应用于混合式直流断路器的电流转移方法(Current commutation method in hybrid DC circuit breaker)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2016,42(12):4005-4012.
[7]罗薇,黄纯,罗勋华,等(Luo Wei,Huang Chun,Luo Xunhua,et al).改进ACUSUM算法的自适应重合闸判据(Adaptive reclosure criterion based on improved ACU-SUM algorithm)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedingsof the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(9):136-142.
[8]彭畅,温家良,王秀环,等(Peng Chang,Wen Jialiang,Wang Xiuhuan,et al).特高压直流输电系统的直流转换开关研制(Development of DC transfer switch for ultra high voltage DC transmission systems)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2012,32(16):151-156.
[9]江道灼,张弛,郑欢,等(Jiang Daozhou,Zhang Chi,Zheng Huan,et al).一种限流式混合直流断路器方案(A scheme for current-limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(4):65-71.
[10]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等(Zhu Tong,Yu Zhanqing,Zeng Rong,et al).混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究(Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2016,36(1):18-30.
[11]吕纲,曾嵘,黄瑜珑,等(LüGang,Zeng Rong,Huang Yulong,et al).10 kV自然换流型混合式直流断路器中真空电弧电流转移特性研究(Researches on commutating characteristics of mechanical vacuum switch in 10 kVnatural-commutate hybrid DC circuit breaker)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2017,37(4):1012-1020.
[12]魏晓光,杨兵建,贺之渊,等(Wei Xiaoguang,Yang Bingjian,He Zhiyuan,et al).级联全桥型直流断路器控制策略及其动态模拟试验(Control strategy and physical dynamic simulation of cascaded full-bridge DC circuit breaker)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2016,40(1):129-135.
[13]吕玮,方太勋,杨浩,等(LüWei,Fang Taixun,Yang Hao,et al).基于电弧电压的混合型直流断路器(Hybrid DCbreaker based on arc voltage)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2015,39(11):83-87,102.
[14]Callavik M,Blomberg A,Hafner J,et al.Break-through!:ABB’s hybrid HVDC breaker,an innovation breakthrough enabling reliable HVDC grids[J].ABB Review,2013,2:7-13.
[15]严飞,盛国钊,倪学锋(Yan Fei,Sheng Guozhao,Ni Xuefeng).1 000 kV系统用并联电容器组不平衡保护设计(Study on unbalance protection design of shunt capacitor bank in 1 000 kV system)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2008,34(9):1856-1861.
[16]管红立,邹尊强,崔晓静,等(Guan Hongli,Zou Zunqiang,Cui Xiaojing,et al).中压直流断路器内部电弧特征分析与模型验证(Analysis and model validation of arc characteristics inside medium voltage direct current circuit breaker)[J].电工电气(Electrotechnics Electric),2016(12):13-17.
[17]Barbu B,Berger F.HVDC circuit breaker switching behavior analysis by means of Mayr equation[C]//International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment.Brasov,Romania,2017:122-127.
[18]Sawicki A,Switon L,Sosinski R.Process simulation in the AC welding arc circuit using a Cassie-Mayr hybrid model[J].Welding Journal,2011,90(3):41-44.
[19]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等(Li Xintao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al).基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性(Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[20]张祖安,黎小林,陈名,等(Zhang Zu’an,Li Xiaolin,Chen Ming,et al).混合式高压直流断路器中的快速机械开关研究(Research on fast mechanical switch in hybrid HVDC circuit breaker)[J].南方电网技术(Southern Power System Technology),2016,10(4):57-62.
[21]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等(Chen Zhengyu,Yu Zhanqing,LüGang,et al).基于IGCT串联的10 kV直流混合断路器研究(Researches on 10 k V DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCT series)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2016,36(2):317-326.
[22]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等(Huang Yulong,Zhang Zu’an,Wen Weijie,et al).高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究(Research on an uitrafast driver for HVDCcircuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[23]Bucher M K,Walter M M,Pfeiffer M,et al.Options for ground fault clearance in HVDC offshore networks[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Raleigh,USA,2012:2880-2887.