摘要
本文基于语料库语言学视角下的"机切语块"探究多国大学生的英语口语元话语能力。研究使用中、日、德、法四国的同质同源英语口语语料(即四个LINDSEI子语库),采用定量分析和中介语对比分析法,从频率、词语形式及语义功能三方面揭示四国子语库中启动类元话语语块的典型特征。结果显示:与英国参照库相比,四国子语库的元话语语块在频率上偏于少用、形式上缺乏多样性和流利性、语义功能上呈语气断然决然的倾向。此外,德、法大学生的元话语语块特征比较接近目标语,而中、日的则差距较大,显示母语背景对习得元话语有一定影响。
This study analyzes the English metadiscoursal ability of university students from different countries based on their machinecut chunks from the perspective of corpus linguistics. It employs homogenous oral English corpora of four LINDSEI sub-corpora of China,Japan, Germany and France. Quantitative and contrastive interlanguage analyses were conducted. Features of utteranceinitial metadiscoursal oral chunks(MOCs) in the four sub-corpora were compared in terms of frequencies,forms and semantic functions. It is found that, compared with the MOCs from the English reference corpus, the MOCs from the four sub-corpora are generally underused in frequency, less diversified and less fluent in form and more assertive in semantic function. It is also found that features of the MOCs used by German and French students are closer to the target, whereas those used by Chinese and Japanese students are further away, indicating that L1 s exert some influence on metadiscourse learning.
引文
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(2)国际英语学习者口语语料库由比利时卢文大学英语语料库研究中心的S. Granger教授牵头建立,其中的中国子语库由华南师范大学外国语言文化学院何安平教授负责主持。各库均收集了50名本地大学英语专业高年级学生在统一话题和同等时长内产出的英语会话和独白语料(即表1中的B turns)。
(3)国际英语学习者口语语料库团队从各国子语库中随机抽取5个样本,请评分专家根据《欧洲语言共同参考框架》(Common European Framework of Reference for Lanuages)的口语评分标准进行评分(Gilquin et al. 2010:10-11)。该框架是欧盟各国外语教学和评估的标准,旨在为欧洲语言教学的课程设计、大纲制订、语言测试和教材编纂提供一个共同的基础和参考。它描述了语言学习者进行有效交流时所必须掌握的技能和达到的标准,分为三个等级六个级别:A:Basic User(Al:Breakthrough; A2:Way stage);B:Independent User(B1:Threshold;B2:Vantage); C:Proficient User(C1:Effective Operational Proficiency; C2:Mastery)。中国子语库的评分由笔者参照以上方法另请专家完成。
(4)本文所有表格中各类语块的频数均被标准化为每万词次,χ2的计算均基于语块的原始次数和相应语料库的库容,所使用的软件是北京外国语大学梁茂成教授所开发的Chi-square&loglikelihood Calculator。χ2值中,“一”表示四国语块的使用频率低于英国,无任何符号的则表示高于英国;***表示P<0.001。