佛手的传统应用
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摘要
佛手作为传统的药食两用的中药,在我国栽培和应用历史悠久,不仅具有较高的药用、食疗价值,同时具有一定的观赏价值和经济价值。有关佛手的提取工艺、化学成分、质量标准、生物活性等现代研究报道较多,但对其本草考证的叙述较少,且古代本草著作中对佛手的相关记载模糊、品种来源混淆,曾出现药材混用现象。该文通过系统查阅中国古代本草、医药典籍和现代著作,对佛手的名称、原植物形态、产地、性味归经、功效及用法进行本草考证,以期正本清源。研究发现佛手在历代本草著作中常以"香橼""枸橼""柑橼""香圆"和"佛手柑"等名称出现,明清之后逐渐明确"香橼"即"枸橼",与"佛手(柑)"为不同品种,故将二者分列陈述。从古至今佛手的产地相对稳定,主产于闽、广、赣等长江以南地区。古今对于佛手性味归经和功能主治的认识基本相同,认为本品性温无毒,具有疏肝理气、和胃止痛、燥湿化痰等功效。关于佛手的炮制方法仅见"新瓦焙为末"和"蒸露",同时偶见"入药以陈久者良"的记载。该文为中药佛手的深入研究、资源开发及综合应用提供了理论依据。
Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,a traditional Chinese medicine with dual-purpose of drug and food,has a long history of cultivation and application,showing high medicinal,dietetic,ornamental and economic values.Many modern researches have been conducted on the extraction technology,chemical constituents,quality standards and biological activities,but the herbal textual researches were relatively insufficient.The related records of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the ancient Chinese medicinal classics were ambiguous and confusing.By referring to ancient Chinese medicinal classics and modern books,the textual researches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,including the names,plant morphology,origin,medicinal properties,efficiency and application were systematically reviewed and analyzed in this paper,in order to provide the basis for the confirmation of original source of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.The results showed that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was usually recorded as'Xiangyuan''Juyuan''Ganyuan''Xiangyuan''Foshougan'etc.in ancient books.After the Ming and Qing dynasties,it became clear that 'Xiangyuan' was equivalent to 'Juyuan',but different from 'Foshougan '.Therefore,these two species were recorded separately.From the ancient times to the present day,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was always mainly distributed in south of the Yangtze River,such as Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,and Jiangxi provinces.Ancient records and modern reports basically have the same understanding on properties,efficacies and indications of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,considering it was warm in nature with the effectiveness of soothing liver,relieving pain,eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm.'Baking it into powder on new tiles' and 'steaming'were the traditional processing methods.The description of 'The longer of storage period,the better of the effect'was occasionally recorded.These results provide theoretical references for the further study,resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.
Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,a traditional Chinese medicine with dual-purpose of drug and food,has a long history of cultivation and application,showing high medicinal,dietetic,ornamental and economic values.Many modern researches have been conducted on the extraction technology,chemical constituents,quality standards and biological activities,but the herbal textual researches were relatively insufficient.The related records of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the ancient Chinese medicinal classics were ambiguous and confusing.By referring to ancient Chinese medicinal classics and modern books,the textual researches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,including the names,plant morphology,origin,medicinal properties,efficiency and application were systematically reviewed and analyzed in this paper,in order to provide the basis for the confirmation of original source of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.The results showed that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was usually recorded as'Xiangyuan''Juyuan''Ganyuan''Xiangyuan''Foshougan'etc.in ancient books.After the Ming and Qing dynasties,it became clear that 'Xiangyuan' was equivalent to 'Juyuan',but different from 'Foshougan '.Therefore,these two species were recorded separately.From the ancient times to the present day,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was always mainly distributed in south of the Yangtze River,such as Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,and Jiangxi provinces.Ancient records and modern reports basically have the same understanding on properties,efficacies and indications of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,considering it was warm in nature with the effectiveness of soothing liver,relieving pain,eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm.'Baking it into powder on new tiles' and 'steaming'were the traditional processing methods.The description of 'The longer of storage period,the better of the effect'was occasionally recorded.These results provide theoretical references for the further study,resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.
引文
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[44]汪昂.本草备要[M].谢观,董丰培,评校.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1996:258.
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[46]宋美卿,马澜,贾力莉,等.对药香橼佛手对抑郁大鼠HPT轴和HPA轴功能的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(10):4633-4636.
[47]严玮.佛手化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].实用中医药杂志,2015,31(8):788-790.
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[49]黄玲,邝枣园,张敏.佛手多糖对免疫低下小鼠细胞因子的影响[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(10):871-872.
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[2]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999:3728.
[3]许茹.柑橘属几种常用理气药的本草学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[4]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:346.
[5]李文娟.佛手中活性成分提取分离及其体外活性测试研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.
[6]杨孚.异物志[M].罗美玲,校注.广州:广东科技出版社,2009:19.
[7]嵇含.南方草木状[M].陈静,校注.广州:广东科技出版社,2009:44-45.
[8]陈藏器.本草拾遗[M].尚志钧,辑释.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2003:275.
[9]中华书局编辑部.宋元方志丛刊:大德南海志残卷[M].北京:中华书局,1990:8426.
[10]贾铭.饮食须知[M].刘烨,注译.西安:三秦出版社,2005:122-123.
[11]兰茂.滇南本草[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1975:376-380.
[12]陈于陛,陈贞慧,钱希言.丛书集成初编(秋园杂佩)[M].北京:中华书局,1985:47-48.
[13]刘文泰.本草品汇精要[M].曹晖,校注.北京:华夏出版社,2004:577.
[14]李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1979:1795.
[15]姚可成.食物本草[M].楼绍来,达美君,校注.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:480-481.
[16]李中立.本草原始[M].张卫,张瑞贤,校注.北京:学苑出版社,2011:512-513.
[17]黄元御.玉楸药解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2017:70.
[18]吴钢.类经政治本草[M].米鹏,刘巨海,向楠,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:19.
[19]吴仪洛.本草从新[M].北京:红旗出版社,1996:167.
[20]郭佩兰.本草汇[M].王小岗,庄扬名,张金中,校注.北京:中医古籍出版社,2012:401.
[21]屈大均.广东新语[M].北京:中华书局,1985:633.
[22]沈穆.本草洞诠[M].张成博,范磊,艾邸,等,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:73.
[23]顾靖远.顾松园医镜[M].袁久林,校注.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2014:30.
[24]严洁,施雯,洪炜.得配本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:189.
[25]王逊.药性纂要[M].王鹏,周扬,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:201.
[26]王翃.握灵本草[M].叶新苗,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:227.
[27]裘庆元.珍本医书集成.第一册[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:491.
[28]姚澜.本草分经[M].范磊,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:25.
[29]林玉友.本草辑要[M].滕佳林,王加锋,张艳,等,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:185.
[30]凌奂.本草害利[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1982:36.
[31]王士雄.随息居饮食谱[M].宋咏梅,张传友,校注.天津:天津科学技术出版社,2003:50.
[32]章穆.调疾饮食辩[M].伊广谦,校注.北京:中医古籍出版社,1987:238.
[33]徐珂.清稗类钞[M].北京:中华书局,1984:5908.
[34]高贤治.台湾方志集成(台湾通志)[M].台北:宗青图书出版有限公司,1995:79-80.
[35]李忠梓.本草徴要[M].丁甘仁,等.增撰,耿鉴庭,重订.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1986:36.
[36]赵其光.本草求原(中)[M].吴丽霞,校注.广州:广东科技出版社,2009:698.
[37]刘善述.草本便方[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1988:323-324.
[38]张璐.本经逢原[M].顾漫,杨亦周,校注.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2011:152.
[39]吴栻,蔡建贤.南平县志[M].台北:成文出版社,1974.
[40]徐国钧,何宏贤,徐珞珊,等.中国药材学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1996:1082.
[41]国科学院《中国植物志》编辑委员会.中国植物志.第43卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:186.
[42]俞宜年,许仕纳.调理气机话佛手[J].福建中医药,1998,28(1):39.
[43]太医院.太医院秘藏膏丹丸散方剂[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:31.
[44]汪昂.本草备要[M].谢观,董丰培,评校.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1996:258.
[45]石健泉,曾沛繁.佛手的形态特征及栽培管理[J].浙江柑桔,2004,21(4):20-22.
[46]宋美卿,马澜,贾力莉,等.对药香橼佛手对抑郁大鼠HPT轴和HPA轴功能的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(10):4633-4636.
[47]严玮.佛手化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].实用中医药杂志,2015,31(8):788-790.
[48]金晓玲,徐丽珊,何新霞.佛手醇提取液的药理作用研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(8):47-49.
[49]黄玲,邝枣园,张敏.佛手多糖对免疫低下小鼠细胞因子的影响[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(10):871-872.
[50]刘春菊,牛丽影,郁萌,等.香橼精油体外抗氧化及其抑菌活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(24):132-137.
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