包装材料对温州蜜柑贮藏品质的影响
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摘要
为确定适宜温州蜜柑贮藏期包装的薄膜材料,达到防止贮藏期柑橘交叉感染,降低腐烂率,保持柑橘良好感官品质的目的,以商业成熟度的温州蜜柑为实验材料,研究室温贮藏条件下,聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)、聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)、聚丙烯(oriented polypropylene,OPP)三种常用包装材料对其贮藏期品质的影响。定期测定温州蜜柑在贮藏期间感官综合评价、失重率、糖酸比、维生素C含量、CO_2浓度、菌落总数、质构剖面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)等指标的变化情况。用主成分分析法,将原始指标划分为6个主成分因子,累计贡献率为91.186%。利用构建的综合评价模型,计算综合评价指标F值。结果表明,不同薄膜包装材料对温州蜜柑贮藏期保鲜程度不同; PE薄膜在保持温州蜜柑的感官品质、抑制水分流失、保持较高的糖酸比和较低的CO_2浓度等方面优于PVC薄膜和OPP薄膜;综合评价F值排序为:PE膜>OPP膜>PVC膜,故PE膜可首选为温州蜜柑贮藏的保鲜材料。上述结果为今后温州蜜柑的贮藏保鲜和柑橘包装机械的研究提供应用依据和理论参考。
In order to determine the suitable film materials for the storage of Citrus unshiu,and prevent the cross infection of citrus fruit during storage period,reduce the decay rate and maintain the good sensory quality of citrus unshiu,this article used the commercial maturity of Citrus unshiu as experimental material to study the effects of three commonly used packaging materials, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and oriented polypropylene (OPP),on the quality during their storage period. The changes of comprehensive sensory evaluation,weight loss rate,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C content,CO_2 content,total bacteria colonies,texture profile analysis (TPA) and the other indicators of Citrus unshiu were measured regularly during storage period. The original indicators were integrited into 6 principal component factors by using principal component analysis. The cumulative contribution rate was 91.186%. A comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index F value. The results showed that different film packaging materials had different preservation levels for Citrus unshiu during storage. The F value was sorted as PE>OPP>PVC. PE was better than OPP and PVC in keeping the sensory qualities of Citrus unshiu and suppressing water loss and keeping a high ratio of sugar to acid and lower concentration of carbon dioxide. Above results provided the application basis and theoretical reference for the study of storage and preservation of Citrus unshiu and Citrus packaging machinery in the future.
In order to determine the suitable film materials for the storage of Citrus unshiu,and prevent the cross infection of citrus fruit during storage period,reduce the decay rate and maintain the good sensory quality of citrus unshiu,this article used the commercial maturity of Citrus unshiu as experimental material to study the effects of three commonly used packaging materials, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and oriented polypropylene (OPP),on the quality during their storage period. The changes of comprehensive sensory evaluation,weight loss rate,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C content,CO_2 content,total bacteria colonies,texture profile analysis (TPA) and the other indicators of Citrus unshiu were measured regularly during storage period. The original indicators were integrited into 6 principal component factors by using principal component analysis. The cumulative contribution rate was 91.186%. A comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index F value. The results showed that different film packaging materials had different preservation levels for Citrus unshiu during storage. The F value was sorted as PE>OPP>PVC. PE was better than OPP and PVC in keeping the sensory qualities of Citrus unshiu and suppressing water loss and keeping a high ratio of sugar to acid and lower concentration of carbon dioxide. Above results provided the application basis and theoretical reference for the study of storage and preservation of Citrus unshiu and Citrus packaging machinery in the future.
引文
[1]陈中建,金小燕,倪德华,等.柑橘采后储藏保鲜技术的研究与讨论[J].北京农业,2015(11):68-88.
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[3]胡西琴,邵蒲芬,王日葵.柑橘不同厚度薄膜袋单果包装贮藏试验[J].中国柑橘,1988,17(4):34-35.Hu X Q,Shao P F,Wang R K.Packing storage test of single fruit in different thickness film bag of citrus[J].Chin.Citrus,1988,17(4):34-35.
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[9]葛武鹏.山羊乳营养特性及对嗜酸乳杆菌增酸发酵性能的研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,博士学位论文,2008.Ge W P.Nutritional characteristics of goat milk and its acidophilic fermentation performance to Lactobacillus acidophilus[D].Xian:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Doctor Dissertation,2008.
[10]何义仲,陈兆星,刘润生,等.不同贮藏方式对赣南纽荷兰脐橙果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):736-748.He Y Z,Chen Z X,Liu R S,et al..Effects of different storage methods on the quality of navel orange fruits[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.,2014,47(4):736-748.
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[13]纪宗亚.质构仪及其在食品品质检测方面的应用[J].食品工程,2011(3):22-25.Ji Z Y.Texture analyzer and its application in food quality detection[J].Food Engin.,2011(3):22-25.
[14]左婷.基于高光谱图像技术的夏橙质构特性检测方法研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Zuo T.Research on texture characteristics detection of summer orange based on hyperspectral image technology[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[15]王海科.科技论文中平均差、标准差、标准误和误差线的正确使用[J].和田师范专科学校学报,2013,32(2):118-121.Wang H K.Correct use of mean deviation,standard deviation,standard error and error line in scientific papers[J].J.Hetian Normal Coll.,2013,32(2):118-121.
[16]丁晓波,张华,刘世尧,等.柑橘果品营养学研究现状[J].园艺学报,2012,39(9),1687-1702.Ding X B,Zhang H,Liu S Y,et al..Current status of Citrus nutrition research[J].Acta Hortic.Sin.,2012,39(9),1687-1702.
[17]王明.不同温度和薄膜包装处理对山楂贮藏生理及品质的影响[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Wang M.Effects of different temperatures and film packaging on storage physiology and quality of hawthorn[D].Hebei Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[18]Pongener A,Mahajan B V C,Singh H.Effect of different packaging films on storage life and quality of peach fruits under cold storage conditions[J].Indian J.Hortic.,2011,68(2):240-245.
[19]Mangaraj T K,Goswami D K,Panda D K.Modeling of gas transmission properties of polymeric films used for MApackaging of fruits[J].J.Food Sci.Technol.,2015,52(9):5456-5469.
[20]Mahajan B C,Singh N,Kumar M.Effect of different packaging films on shelf life and quality of pear fruits under super market conditions[J].Hort Flora Res.Spectrum,2013,2(1):68-71.
[21]单云辉,郜海燕,房祥军,等.不同包装材料对草莓果浆贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2018.39(13):251-257.Shan Y H,Gao H Y,Fang X J,et al..Effects of different packaging materials on storage quality of strawberry pulp[J].Food Sci.,2018,39(13):251-257.
[22]程学勋,林洁文,黄敏,等.质构仪及其在食品研究中的应用简介[J].广东化工,2012,39(9):164-165.Cheng X X,Lin J W,Huang M,et al..Texture analyzer and its application in food research[J].Guangdong Chem.Ind.,2012,39(9):164-165.
[23]田欣,陈斌,王勇,等.不同温度和薄膜包装对鲜切胡萝卜货架期品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2007,28(7):183-185.Tian X,Chen B,Wang Y,et al..Effects of different temperatures and film packaging on shelf life quality of freshcut carrots[J].Food Ind.Sci.Technol.,2007,28(7):183-185.
[24]张俊,曹江娜,郑平,等.包装和贮藏条件对柑橘罐头营养和感官品质的影响[A].见:中国食品科学技术学会第十一届年会论文集[C].杭州,2014.Zhang J,Cao J N,Zheng P.Effects of packing and storage conditions on nutrion and sensory quality of canned citrus[A].In:Eleventh Symposium of Chinese Food Science Technology Annual Conference[C].Hangzhou,2014.
[25]王友海,费甫华,谌丹丹,等.宜昌柑橘贮藏保鲜现状、问题及对策建议[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(18):3519-3522.Wang Y H,Fei F H,Zhan D D,et al..Present situation,problems and countermeasures of citrus storage and preservation in Yichang[J].Hubei Agric.Sci.,2017,56(18):3519-3522.
[26]段赞赞.柑橘产区主要采后病原菌的调查和抗药性分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Duan Z Z.Investigation and drug resistance analysis of main postharvest pathogenic bacteria in citrus growing areas[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[27]吴思梦,刘冰,蒋军喜,等.生防链霉菌ML27和柑橘内生放线菌P3Y2原生质体融合研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(3):31-36.Wu S M,Liu B,Jiang J X,et al..Protoplast fusion of biocontrol Streptomyces ML27 and endophystic actinomycetes P3Y2 from Citrus[J].J.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2017,19(3):31-36.
[2]廖炜.柑橘采后储藏保鲜技术研究进展[J].物流管理,2011(49):28-29.
[3]胡西琴,邵蒲芬,王日葵.柑橘不同厚度薄膜袋单果包装贮藏试验[J].中国柑橘,1988,17(4):34-35.Hu X Q,Shao P F,Wang R K.Packing storage test of single fruit in different thickness film bag of citrus[J].Chin.Citrus,1988,17(4):34-35.
[4]黄复瑞,吴金苏,黄波,等.不同类型薄膜在温州蜜柑贮藏中的应用[Z].北京:中国学术期刊电子杂志出版社,1994.Huang F R,Wu J S,Huang B,et al..Application of different types of thin films in storage of Citrus unshiu[Z].Beijing:China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House,1994.
[5]解淑慧,邵兴锋,王鸿飞.纳米保鲜包装对柑橘果实贮藏品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2014(1):326-329.Xie S H,Shao X F,Wang H F.Effect of nanocomposite---based packaging on the postharvest quality of Citrus fruit[J].Sci.Technol.Food Ind.,2014(1):326-329.
[6]周然.黄花梨运输振动损伤与冷藏品质变化的试验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,博士学位论文,2007.Zhou R.Experimental study on vibration damage and cold storage quality of Huanghua pear transport[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Doctor Dissertation,2007.
[7]Obenland D,Collin S,Mackey B,et al..Storage temperature and time influences sensory quality of mandarins by altering soluble solids,acidity and aroma volatile composition[J].Postharvest Biol.Technol.,2011,59:187-193.
[8]赵镭,刘文,汪厚银.食品感官评价指标体系建立的一般原则与方法[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(3):121-124.Zhao L,Liu W,Wang H Y.General principles and methods for establishing food sensory evaluation index system[J].Chin.Food Sci.Technol.,2008,8(3):121-124.
[9]葛武鹏.山羊乳营养特性及对嗜酸乳杆菌增酸发酵性能的研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,博士学位论文,2008.Ge W P.Nutritional characteristics of goat milk and its acidophilic fermentation performance to Lactobacillus acidophilus[D].Xian:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Doctor Dissertation,2008.
[10]何义仲,陈兆星,刘润生,等.不同贮藏方式对赣南纽荷兰脐橙果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):736-748.He Y Z,Chen Z X,Liu R S,et al..Effects of different storage methods on the quality of navel orange fruits[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.,2014,47(4):736-748.
[11]冯双庆,赵玉梅.果蔬保鲜技术及常规测试方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.Feng S Q,Zhao Y M.Technology of fruit and vegetable preservation and routine test method[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2001.
[12]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 4789.2-2010食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.GB 4789.2-2010 Determination of the total colony number of food microbiology inspection in national food safety standards[S].Beijing:Chinese Standard Press,2010.
[13]纪宗亚.质构仪及其在食品品质检测方面的应用[J].食品工程,2011(3):22-25.Ji Z Y.Texture analyzer and its application in food quality detection[J].Food Engin.,2011(3):22-25.
[14]左婷.基于高光谱图像技术的夏橙质构特性检测方法研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Zuo T.Research on texture characteristics detection of summer orange based on hyperspectral image technology[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[15]王海科.科技论文中平均差、标准差、标准误和误差线的正确使用[J].和田师范专科学校学报,2013,32(2):118-121.Wang H K.Correct use of mean deviation,standard deviation,standard error and error line in scientific papers[J].J.Hetian Normal Coll.,2013,32(2):118-121.
[16]丁晓波,张华,刘世尧,等.柑橘果品营养学研究现状[J].园艺学报,2012,39(9),1687-1702.Ding X B,Zhang H,Liu S Y,et al..Current status of Citrus nutrition research[J].Acta Hortic.Sin.,2012,39(9),1687-1702.
[17]王明.不同温度和薄膜包装处理对山楂贮藏生理及品质的影响[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Wang M.Effects of different temperatures and film packaging on storage physiology and quality of hawthorn[D].Hebei Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[18]Pongener A,Mahajan B V C,Singh H.Effect of different packaging films on storage life and quality of peach fruits under cold storage conditions[J].Indian J.Hortic.,2011,68(2):240-245.
[19]Mangaraj T K,Goswami D K,Panda D K.Modeling of gas transmission properties of polymeric films used for MApackaging of fruits[J].J.Food Sci.Technol.,2015,52(9):5456-5469.
[20]Mahajan B C,Singh N,Kumar M.Effect of different packaging films on shelf life and quality of pear fruits under super market conditions[J].Hort Flora Res.Spectrum,2013,2(1):68-71.
[21]单云辉,郜海燕,房祥军,等.不同包装材料对草莓果浆贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2018.39(13):251-257.Shan Y H,Gao H Y,Fang X J,et al..Effects of different packaging materials on storage quality of strawberry pulp[J].Food Sci.,2018,39(13):251-257.
[22]程学勋,林洁文,黄敏,等.质构仪及其在食品研究中的应用简介[J].广东化工,2012,39(9):164-165.Cheng X X,Lin J W,Huang M,et al..Texture analyzer and its application in food research[J].Guangdong Chem.Ind.,2012,39(9):164-165.
[23]田欣,陈斌,王勇,等.不同温度和薄膜包装对鲜切胡萝卜货架期品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2007,28(7):183-185.Tian X,Chen B,Wang Y,et al..Effects of different temperatures and film packaging on shelf life quality of freshcut carrots[J].Food Ind.Sci.Technol.,2007,28(7):183-185.
[24]张俊,曹江娜,郑平,等.包装和贮藏条件对柑橘罐头营养和感官品质的影响[A].见:中国食品科学技术学会第十一届年会论文集[C].杭州,2014.Zhang J,Cao J N,Zheng P.Effects of packing and storage conditions on nutrion and sensory quality of canned citrus[A].In:Eleventh Symposium of Chinese Food Science Technology Annual Conference[C].Hangzhou,2014.
[25]王友海,费甫华,谌丹丹,等.宜昌柑橘贮藏保鲜现状、问题及对策建议[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(18):3519-3522.Wang Y H,Fei F H,Zhan D D,et al..Present situation,problems and countermeasures of citrus storage and preservation in Yichang[J].Hubei Agric.Sci.,2017,56(18):3519-3522.
[26]段赞赞.柑橘产区主要采后病原菌的调查和抗药性分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,硕士学位论文,2015.Duan Z Z.Investigation and drug resistance analysis of main postharvest pathogenic bacteria in citrus growing areas[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2015.
[27]吴思梦,刘冰,蒋军喜,等.生防链霉菌ML27和柑橘内生放线菌P3Y2原生质体融合研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(3):31-36.Wu S M,Liu B,Jiang J X,et al..Protoplast fusion of biocontrol Streptomyces ML27 and endophystic actinomycetes P3Y2 from Citrus[J].J.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2017,19(3):31-36.