海南“候鸟式”养老的负外部性调查及其消除策略探析
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摘要
随着老龄化社会的到来,海南近年来迎接着大规模的"候鸟式"养老群体,他们的消费在拉动海南经济发展的同时,也给本地居民的日常生活带来了困扰。文章以调研数据和访谈资料为基础,首先分析了"候鸟式"老人来琼旅居的季节性和聚居特点,进而剖析大规模"候鸟式"养老导致的城市公共交通系统季节性超负荷运行、居民生活垃圾处理系统不堪重负、医疗服务容量供不应求、公共休闲空间捉襟见肘、岛内物价被季节性推高、社会资源被季节性浪费等一系列的负外部性问题,并在此基础上提出提高"候鸟式"老人使用公共资源和公共服务设施的价格、引导他们发挥余热,助力美好新海南建设等消除负外部性的策略。
With the arrival of an aging society, a large-scale group of "migratory birds" care for the aged to Hainan recent years. Their consumption has stimulated the economic development of Hainan, but also brought trouble to the daily life of local residents. Based on the research data and interview data, this paper ana-lyzes the seasonal and living characteristics of the "migratory birds" care for the aged, and then analyzes the seasonal and overloading of the urban public transport system caused by the large-scale group of "migrato-ry birds", such as life garbage system is overwhelmed, the capacity of medical services supply is in short, the public leisure space is stretched, the price on the island is pushed up seasonally, the social resources are seasonally wasted and a series of negative external problems. And on this basis, the conclusion is to increase prices of public resources and public service facilities prices when "Migratory birds" use, guide them to take part in the construction of a good new Hainan to eliminate negative external strategy.
With the arrival of an aging society, a large-scale group of "migratory birds" care for the aged to Hainan recent years. Their consumption has stimulated the economic development of Hainan, but also brought trouble to the daily life of local residents. Based on the research data and interview data, this paper ana-lyzes the seasonal and living characteristics of the "migratory birds" care for the aged, and then analyzes the seasonal and overloading of the urban public transport system caused by the large-scale group of "migrato-ry birds", such as life garbage system is overwhelmed, the capacity of medical services supply is in short, the public leisure space is stretched, the price on the island is pushed up seasonally, the social resources are seasonally wasted and a series of negative external problems. And on this basis, the conclusion is to increase prices of public resources and public service facilities prices when "Migratory birds" use, guide them to take part in the construction of a good new Hainan to eliminate negative external strategy.
引文
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[13]陈标志,党朝峰.三亚8成商品房卖给岛外人候鸟人群约45万人[EB/OL].2012-02-06)[2013-01-11].http://news.hainan.net/newshtml08/2012w2r6/841571f0.htm.
[14]黎莉,陈棠,王珏.佛罗里达经验对海南“候鸟式”养老产业发展的启示[J].科技和产业,2014,14(2):29-33.
[15]致公党海南省委员会课题组.柔性引进“候鸟”人才的思考[N].海南日报,2016-05-11(A10).
[2]黄诚.候鸟老人养老服务需求特征研究——基于对海南三亚的问卷调查分析[J].中国市场,2015,No.83621:99-101.
[3]匡林.外部性:旅游业环境破坏的一种理论分析[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,1999,10(3):9-13.
[4]宗晓莲.旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究——以云南省丽江古城为例[J].旅游学刊,2005,20(4):30-36.
[5]赵晓宁.中国世界文化遗产地可持续发展的外部性问题研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,26(9):230-234.
[6]吴其付.遗产地旅游房地产研究——以丽江古城为例[J].城市问题,2007,26(8):32-36.
[7]Shucksmith,Mark.Housebuilding in Britain's Cou ntryside[M].New York:Routledge,1990.107-138.
[8]Mills,Frank J.The Cost of housing in a Tourist Economy:The USVirgin Island[A].In:David Barker and Duncan F.M.Mc Gregor.Environment and Development in the Caribbean:Gographical Perspectives[C].Kingston,Jamaica:The Press of the West Indies University,1995.90-107.
[9]Malpezzi,Stephen&Richard J.Green.What Has Hap pened to the Bottom of the US Housing Market?[J].Urban Studies,1996,33(10):1807-1820.
[10]包振宇,王思锋.旅游城市住宅市场负外部性及其矫正策略研究[J].人文地理,2011(02):150-153.
[11]祝亚.基于旅游业外部性的公共景区定价研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[12]黎莉,王珏,陈棠.从旅游业角度看海南“候鸟式”养老的发展[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):100-104.
[13]陈标志,党朝峰.三亚8成商品房卖给岛外人候鸟人群约45万人[EB/OL].2012-02-06)[2013-01-11].http://news.hainan.net/newshtml08/2012w2r6/841571f0.htm.
[14]黎莉,陈棠,王珏.佛罗里达经验对海南“候鸟式”养老产业发展的启示[J].科技和产业,2014,14(2):29-33.
[15]致公党海南省委员会课题组.柔性引进“候鸟”人才的思考[N].海南日报,2016-05-11(A10).