溶解混施水肥一体化装置自动控制系统研制
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摘要
为了提高溶解混施水肥一体化装置的施肥均匀性,解决水肥调控时灌溉量和质量浓度的综合控制问题,设计了溶解混施水肥一体化装置的自动控制系统.采用STM 32微控制器作为控制核心,通过肥料质量浓度标定试验,确定肥液质量浓度和电导率之间的关系,由电导电极及相关检测电路对出口肥液的质量浓度实时在线检测,将肥液质量浓度信号反馈回处理器,并生成控制信号,构建闭环控制回路;采用半桥式电路驱动直流水泵调节供水流量,采用PWM脉宽调制方法实时改变固体肥料添加速度,使出口的肥液质量浓度更加均匀、稳定.试验测定了装置施肥性能,结果表明在加入控制系统实时调节后,装置出口水肥溶液的均匀系数提高了31.46%.
In order to improve fertilization uniformity of an integrated fertilizer dissolving and mixing device, and solve the problem in comprehensive control of irrigation quantity and fertilizer concentration during regulation of water and fertilizer,an automatic control system for the integrated water fertilizer dissolving and mixing device was designed. STM 32 micro controller was used as the control core,the relationship between mass concentration and electrical conductivity of the fertilizer solution was determined by calibration experiments on fertilizer concentration. The fertilizer outlet concentration was detected in real-time by on-line with conductance electrodes and a related detection circuit.The mass concentration signal of fertilizer solution was fed back to the processor,and a control signal was generated,thus a closed-loop control was constructed. A half-bridge circuit was adopted to drive a DC pump to regulate water flow,and the PWM pulse width modulation method was used to change solid fertilizer feeding rate in-real time,resulting an even more uniform and stable fertilizer outlet concentration. The fertilization performance of the device was tested. The result shows that the uniformity coefficient of water and fertilizer solution is increased by 31.46% after the control system in adjusted in real-time.
In order to improve fertilization uniformity of an integrated fertilizer dissolving and mixing device, and solve the problem in comprehensive control of irrigation quantity and fertilizer concentration during regulation of water and fertilizer,an automatic control system for the integrated water fertilizer dissolving and mixing device was designed. STM 32 micro controller was used as the control core,the relationship between mass concentration and electrical conductivity of the fertilizer solution was determined by calibration experiments on fertilizer concentration. The fertilizer outlet concentration was detected in real-time by on-line with conductance electrodes and a related detection circuit.The mass concentration signal of fertilizer solution was fed back to the processor,and a control signal was generated,thus a closed-loop control was constructed. A half-bridge circuit was adopted to drive a DC pump to regulate water flow,and the PWM pulse width modulation method was used to change solid fertilizer feeding rate in-real time,resulting an even more uniform and stable fertilizer outlet concentration. The fertilization performance of the device was tested. The result shows that the uniformity coefficient of water and fertilizer solution is increased by 31.46% after the control system in adjusted in real-time.
引文
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[12]王晓珂,赵春江,董大明.移动中肥料养分含量的在线高通量测量方法——基于近红外光谱和化学计量学[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(21):238-240.WANG Xiaoke,ZHAO Chunjiang,DONG Damin. Online high-throughput measurement of nutrient content in mobile fertilizers based on near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics[J]. Jiangsu agricultural sciences,2018,46(21):238-240.(in Chinese)
[13]王文新.自动控制技术在园林节水灌溉中的应用[J].电子制作,2013(5):67.WANG Wenxin. Application of automatic control technology in garden water saving irrigation[J]. Practical electronics,2013(5):67.(in Chinese)
[14]李加念,洪添胜,冯瑞珏,等.柑橘园水肥一体化滴灌自动控制装置的研制[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):91-97.LI Jianian,HONG Tiansheng,FENG Ruijue,et al. Development of automatic control device for integrated water and fertilization drip irrigation of citrus orchard[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(10):91-97.(in Chinese)
[15]张勇,谢康,李坚.新型Christiansen滤波器的设计[J].光电子技术,2007,27(1):31-35.ZHANG Yong,XIE Kang,LI Jian. Synthesis of a new design of Christiansen filter[J]. Optoelectronic technology,2007,27(1):31-35.(in Chinese)
[2] PRABAKARAN G,VAITHIYANATHAN D,GANESAN M. Fuzzy decision support system for improving the crop productivity and efficient use of fertilizers[J]. Computers and electronics in agriculture,2018,150:88-97.
[3]袁寿其,李红,王新坤.中国节水灌溉装备发展现状、问题、趋势与建议[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(1):78-92.YUAN Shouqi,LI Hong,WANG Xinkun. Status,problems,trends and suggestions for water-saving irri-gation equipment in China[J]. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2015,33(1):78-92.(in Chinese)
[4]金秋,徐姗姗,夏美玲.水田灌排一体化系统的开发与应用[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(6):526-530.JIN Qiu,XU Shanshan,XIA Meiling. Development and application of irrigation and drainage equipment system[J]. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2015,33(6):526-530.(in Chinese)
[5] STEPANOV M F,STEPANOV A M. Criteria of accuracy and quality in intellectual self-organizing automatic control systems[J]. Procedia computer science,2017,103:209-213.
[6]朱志坚,早热木,尼加提·依,等.自控变频调速式灌溉水注肥装置的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):94-97.ZHU Zhijian,ZAO Remu,NI Jiaoti Y,et al. Auto-control variable voltage variable frequency type of irrigation fertigation device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(9):94-97.(in Chinese)
[7]杨青杰.基于模糊控制的PLC施肥灌溉控制技术的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[8]段益星. PAC技术在智能灌溉施肥系统中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[9] MONTESANO F F,VAN IERSEL M W,BOARI F,et al. Sensor-based irrigation management of soilless basil using a new smart irrigation system:effects of set-point on plant physiological responses and crop performance[J]. Agricultural water management,2018,203:20-29.
[10]郭强,汤璐,郭佳,等.基于STM32的智能水肥一体化控制系统的设计[J].工业控制计算机,2015(4):38-39,42.GUO Qiang,TANG Lu,GUO Jia,et al. Intelligent water and fertilizer integrated control system based on STM32[J]. Industrial control computer,2015(4):38-39,42.(in Chinese)
[11]丁旭,张正勇,刘洋.基于STM32的无线控制精准施肥装置的研究[J].仪表技术,2017(11):37-40.DING Xu,ZHANG Zhengyong,LIU Yang. Research on STM32-based wirelessly procision control fertilizer[J].Instrumentation technology,2017(11):37-40.(in Chinese)
[12]王晓珂,赵春江,董大明.移动中肥料养分含量的在线高通量测量方法——基于近红外光谱和化学计量学[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(21):238-240.WANG Xiaoke,ZHAO Chunjiang,DONG Damin. Online high-throughput measurement of nutrient content in mobile fertilizers based on near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics[J]. Jiangsu agricultural sciences,2018,46(21):238-240.(in Chinese)
[13]王文新.自动控制技术在园林节水灌溉中的应用[J].电子制作,2013(5):67.WANG Wenxin. Application of automatic control technology in garden water saving irrigation[J]. Practical electronics,2013(5):67.(in Chinese)
[14]李加念,洪添胜,冯瑞珏,等.柑橘园水肥一体化滴灌自动控制装置的研制[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):91-97.LI Jianian,HONG Tiansheng,FENG Ruijue,et al. Development of automatic control device for integrated water and fertilization drip irrigation of citrus orchard[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(10):91-97.(in Chinese)
[15]张勇,谢康,李坚.新型Christiansen滤波器的设计[J].光电子技术,2007,27(1):31-35.ZHANG Yong,XIE Kang,LI Jian. Synthesis of a new design of Christiansen filter[J]. Optoelectronic technology,2007,27(1):31-35.(in Chinese)