中厚倾斜矿体导流放矿实验研究
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摘要
为了降低中厚倾斜矿体开采过程中的损失贫化,改革传统的矿岩接触形式,采用新型导流结构将覆岩与爆破矿石隔离。采用正交设计方法确定了9组实验方案,开展了斜壁导流放矿物理模拟实验。实验结果表明,与传统放矿方式相比,新型导流放矿能明显改善矿石损失贫化指标;采用极差分析法分析了矿体厚度、矿体倾角、分段高度三因素对矿石回收率、贫化率、回贫差的敏感性,得知矿体厚度对矿石回收率、贫化率的影响最为显著,分段高度对矿石回贫差的影响最为显著;作出了各因素对放矿指标影响的直观分析图,分析了各因素对放矿指标的影响规律。本研究为中厚倾斜矿体采矿技术经济评价和分段崩落法结构参数优化设计提供了依据。
To reduce the ore loss and dilution during the exploitation of inclined medium-thick ore body, a new diversion structure, which is used for separating blasted ore from waste rock, was proposed to improve the traditional contact form of ore and rock. Nine physical simulation experiments were determined by using the orthogonal design method to investigate the diversion drawing under inclined wall condition. Experimental results show that the diversion drawing could significantly decrease the ore loss and dilution rates in comparison with traditional drawing mode. The sensitivity analysis on ore body thickness, dip angle and sublevel height to ore recovery and dilution rate, difference of ore recovery and dilution were conducted by adopting the range analysis method. It is found that the ore recovery and dilution rates are markedly affected by the thickness of ore body. The sublevel height has the most significant impact on the difference of ore recovery and dilution. Moreover, intuitive analysis diagrams of the influence of various factors on ore drawing indexes were made, and its rules were analyzed correspondingly. This study could provide theoretical basis for technical and economic evaluation of mining technology and the optimization design of structural parameters in the sublevel caving process of inclined medium-thick ore body.
To reduce the ore loss and dilution during the exploitation of inclined medium-thick ore body, a new diversion structure, which is used for separating blasted ore from waste rock, was proposed to improve the traditional contact form of ore and rock. Nine physical simulation experiments were determined by using the orthogonal design method to investigate the diversion drawing under inclined wall condition. Experimental results show that the diversion drawing could significantly decrease the ore loss and dilution rates in comparison with traditional drawing mode. The sensitivity analysis on ore body thickness, dip angle and sublevel height to ore recovery and dilution rate, difference of ore recovery and dilution were conducted by adopting the range analysis method. It is found that the ore recovery and dilution rates are markedly affected by the thickness of ore body. The sublevel height has the most significant impact on the difference of ore recovery and dilution. Moreover, intuitive analysis diagrams of the influence of various factors on ore drawing indexes were made, and its rules were analyzed correspondingly. This study could provide theoretical basis for technical and economic evaluation of mining technology and the optimization design of structural parameters in the sublevel caving process of inclined medium-thick ore body.
引文
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[14]黄庆享,侯志成,张文忠,等.黏土隔水层相似材料胶结剂的正交实验分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):42-46.HUANG Qinxiang,HOU Zhicheng,ZHANG Wenzhong,et al.Orthogonal tests on cementing agents of similar of clay aquiclude[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):42-46.
[15]董金玉,杨继红,杨国香,等.基于正交设计的模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,3(1):44-49.DONG Jinyu,YANG Jihong,YANG Guoxiang,et al.Research on similar material proportioning test of model test based on orthogonal design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,3(1):44-49.
[2]马姣阳,任凤玉,曹建立,等.柏杖子金矿厚大矿体低贫损开采技术研究[J].金属矿山,2015,473(11):7-11.MA Jiaoyang,REN Fengyu,CAO Jianli,et al.Study on low dilution and loss mining technology of large and thick ore-body in Baizhangzi gold mine[J].Metal Mine,2015,473(11):7-11.
[3]何荣兴,任凤玉,宋德林,等.和睦山铁矿倾斜厚矿体诱导冒落规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):899-904.HE Rongxing,REN Fengyu,SONG Delin,et al.Induced caving rule of inclined thick ore body in Hemushan iron mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):899-904.
[4]张志贵,刘兴国,于国立.无底柱分段崩落法无贫化放矿-无贫化放矿理论及其在矿山的实践[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2007:1-2.
[5]CASTRO R,TRUEMAN R,HALIM A.A study of isolated draw zones in block caving mines by means of a large 3D physical model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44(6):860-870.BRUNTON I D,FRASER S J,HODGKINSON J H,et al.Parameters influencing full scale sublevel caving material recovery at the Ridgeway gold mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2010,47(4):647-656.
[6]陆玉根,章林,孙国权,等.高变分段低贫化放矿及其参数优化试验研究[J].金属矿山,2014,454(4):12-16.LU Yugen,ZHANG Lin,SUN Guoquan,et al.Experimental study on low dilution drawing of high and variable sublevel and its parameter optimization[J].Metal Mine,2014,454(4):12-16.
[7]陈小伟,崔传杰.不同端壁倾角对放矿指标的影响研究[J].中国矿业工程,2016,46(1):78-82.CHEN Xiaowei,CUI Chuanjie.Study on the influence of different front inclination on draw index[J].China Mine Engineering,2016,46(1):78-82.
[8]孙文勇,谭宝会,张志贵,等.某矿山无底柱分段崩落法矿石损失贫化原因分析[J].化工矿物与加工,2013(10):32-35.SUN Wenyong,TAN Baohui,ZHANG Zhigui,et al.Analysis of reasons for loss and depletion of ores caused by pillarless sublevel caving method in a mine[J].Industrial Minerals&Processing,2013(10):32-35.
[9]ZHOU Chuanbo,YAO Yingkang,GUO Liaowu,et al.Numerical simulation of independent advance of ore breaking in the non-pillar sublevel caving method[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,17(2):295-300.
[10]ZHANG Xiufeng,TAO Ganqiang,ZHU Zhonghua.Laboratory study of the influence of dip and ore width on gravity flow during longitudinal sublevel caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2018,103:179-185.
[11]任凤玉,张晋军,丁航行,等.一种用于倾斜中厚矿体的无底柱分段崩落采矿法:201010531971[P].2010-11-04.
[12]曹建立,任凤玉,张晋军,等.分段卸压崩落法导流放矿实验研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(8):1186-1189.CAO Jianli,REN Fengyu,ZHANG Jinjun,et al.Experimental study on diversion drawing by stressrelieve sublevel caving method[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2011,32(8):1186-1189.
[13]丁航行,任凤玉,曹建立,等.导流放矿技术在谦比希铜矿的应用[J].中国矿业,2011,20(4):55-57.DING Hangxing,REN Fengyu,CAO Jianli,et al.Application of diversion drawing technology in Chambishi copper mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2011,20(4):55-57.
[14]黄庆享,侯志成,张文忠,等.黏土隔水层相似材料胶结剂的正交实验分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):42-46.HUANG Qinxiang,HOU Zhicheng,ZHANG Wenzhong,et al.Orthogonal tests on cementing agents of similar of clay aquiclude[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):42-46.
[15]董金玉,杨继红,杨国香,等.基于正交设计的模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,3(1):44-49.DONG Jinyu,YANG Jihong,YANG Guoxiang,et al.Research on similar material proportioning test of model test based on orthogonal design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,3(1):44-49.