丰产期‘砂糖橘’落果规律及环割(剥)保果效果研究
|
摘要
2016—2017年,以丰产期‘砂糖橘’为试材,研究其落果觃律及环割(剥)对其生理落果、秋梢萌发与成花的影响。结果表明:丰产期‘砂糖橘’开花期在4月上旬,开花期间无落蕾、落花现象;第1次生理落果出现在4月21日至5月23日,历时33 d;第2次生理落果出现在5月16日至7月10日,历时56 d;第1次生理落果末期与第2次生理落果前期约有6 d重叠;第1次生理落果率在60%以上,第2次生理落果率在30%以上,自然坐果率5%左右。在2次生理落果即将开始前环割和环剥的坐果率与产量均极显著高于对照,其中环剥处理3和处理4坐果率偏高、结果量大、果实变小、秋梢萌发量少且弱、成花率低,不宜应用于成年树保果;在2次生理落果前各环割1次(处理1)可提高单果重、中果比率、商品果率、秋梢数量以及秋梢成花率,保果效果较佳。
‘Shatangju' mandarin entering high-yield period was used as test material and the pattern of fruit drop and effects of girdling on the physiological fruit drop, the sprouting of autumn shoot and formation flowering were investigated during the period of 2016-2017. ‘Shatangju' mandarin in the stage of high-yield flowered in early April. The phenomenon of flower and bud drop didn't appear during the flowering period. The first stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 21st of April to 23th of May and it lasted for 33 days. The second stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 16th of May to 10th of July and it lasted for 57 days. About 6 days overlapped between the end of the first physiological fruit drop and the early stage of the second physiological fruit drop. The rate of fruit drop at the first stage was above 60%, the second stage was above 30% and the natural fruition rate was about 5%. The fruition rate and yields by girdling before the start of two stages of physiological fruit drop were very significantly higher compared with the control. Through the treatment with band girdling(treatment 3 and 4), the fruition rate was too high, the number of fruit was in large quantity, the fruit became small, the sprouting autumn shoots were weak and the amount was limited, which led to low formation flowering rate, so band girlding was not suitable for fruit retention of adult trees. Ring girdling for one time before the start of two stages respectively(treatment 1) could increase the single fruit weight, the ratio of middle fruit, the rate of marketable fruit, the number and formation flowering rate of autumn shoots, and the effect of fruit retention was better.
‘Shatangju' mandarin entering high-yield period was used as test material and the pattern of fruit drop and effects of girdling on the physiological fruit drop, the sprouting of autumn shoot and formation flowering were investigated during the period of 2016-2017. ‘Shatangju' mandarin in the stage of high-yield flowered in early April. The phenomenon of flower and bud drop didn't appear during the flowering period. The first stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 21st of April to 23th of May and it lasted for 33 days. The second stage of physiological fruit drop was taken place from 16th of May to 10th of July and it lasted for 57 days. About 6 days overlapped between the end of the first physiological fruit drop and the early stage of the second physiological fruit drop. The rate of fruit drop at the first stage was above 60%, the second stage was above 30% and the natural fruition rate was about 5%. The fruition rate and yields by girdling before the start of two stages of physiological fruit drop were very significantly higher compared with the control. Through the treatment with band girdling(treatment 3 and 4), the fruition rate was too high, the number of fruit was in large quantity, the fruit became small, the sprouting autumn shoots were weak and the amount was limited, which led to low formation flowering rate, so band girlding was not suitable for fruit retention of adult trees. Ring girdling for one time before the start of two stages respectively(treatment 1) could increase the single fruit weight, the ratio of middle fruit, the rate of marketable fruit, the number and formation flowering rate of autumn shoots, and the effect of fruit retention was better.
引文
[1]覃文显,陈杰,黎德荣,等.果树生产技术(南方本).北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[2]徐粹富.砂糖橘早结丰产栽培技术.广西园艺,2005,16(2):23-24.
[3]覃光秀,陈守平,地柳洪.砂糖桔花期及幼果期不同处理对坐果率及产量影响.广西园艺,2006,17(4):21-22.
[4]钟少清.砂糖桔成年结果树管理技术要点.广西园艺,2007,18(6):43-44.
[5]李文娟.砂糖桔保花保果技术要点.广西园艺,2008,19(5):42.
[6]周东荣.砂糖桔矮化早结高产栽培技术.中国南方果树,2006,35(1):13-15.
[7]叶自行,胡桂兵,许建楷,等.无核砂糖橘落果原因及保果技术.中国南方果树,2009,38(1):28-30.
[8]黄永敬,李娟,陈忠杰,等.砂糖橘控夏梢保果技术.广东农业科学,2011,38(14):36-38.
[9]聂磊,刘鸿先,陈柳光.环扎、环割对沙田柚生长结果的调控作用.中国南方果树,2000,29(1):7-8.
[10]董世华,陈勇,雷永迚,等.环扎、环割、环剥技术对垫江白柚着果影响.中国南方果树,2000,29(2):15-16.
[11]蔡利华.琯溪蜜柚春季管理技术要点.中国南方果树,2001,30(1):21-22.
[12]刘志奎.龙安柚早结丰产优质栽培技术.中国南方果树,2010,39(6):64-65.
[13]赵文才.水库高湿区脐橙园早结丰产优质配套栽培技术.中国南方果树,2001,30(2):5-6.
[14]向靖.环剥技术在红桔砧长红脐橙保果上的应用.中国南方果树,2004,33(2):14-15.
[15]张春辉,陈惠敏,李娟,等.环割对柑橘叶片衰老的影响.园艺学报,2018,45(6):1204-1212.
[16]张锦松,王明召,莫健生.沙糖橘生物学特性及栽培技术研究.南方园艺,2015,26(1):3-7.
[17]梅正敏,区善汉,肖进辉,等.低龄砂糖橘不同环割(剥)处理的保果效果.中国南方果树,2018,47(2):61-63.
[18]张社南,梅正敏,贺申魁,等.桂林地区迟熟砂糖橘落花落果觃律及环割保果效果的观察.中国南方果树,2018,47(1):35-37.
[2]徐粹富.砂糖橘早结丰产栽培技术.广西园艺,2005,16(2):23-24.
[3]覃光秀,陈守平,地柳洪.砂糖桔花期及幼果期不同处理对坐果率及产量影响.广西园艺,2006,17(4):21-22.
[4]钟少清.砂糖桔成年结果树管理技术要点.广西园艺,2007,18(6):43-44.
[5]李文娟.砂糖桔保花保果技术要点.广西园艺,2008,19(5):42.
[6]周东荣.砂糖桔矮化早结高产栽培技术.中国南方果树,2006,35(1):13-15.
[7]叶自行,胡桂兵,许建楷,等.无核砂糖橘落果原因及保果技术.中国南方果树,2009,38(1):28-30.
[8]黄永敬,李娟,陈忠杰,等.砂糖橘控夏梢保果技术.广东农业科学,2011,38(14):36-38.
[9]聂磊,刘鸿先,陈柳光.环扎、环割对沙田柚生长结果的调控作用.中国南方果树,2000,29(1):7-8.
[10]董世华,陈勇,雷永迚,等.环扎、环割、环剥技术对垫江白柚着果影响.中国南方果树,2000,29(2):15-16.
[11]蔡利华.琯溪蜜柚春季管理技术要点.中国南方果树,2001,30(1):21-22.
[12]刘志奎.龙安柚早结丰产优质栽培技术.中国南方果树,2010,39(6):64-65.
[13]赵文才.水库高湿区脐橙园早结丰产优质配套栽培技术.中国南方果树,2001,30(2):5-6.
[14]向靖.环剥技术在红桔砧长红脐橙保果上的应用.中国南方果树,2004,33(2):14-15.
[15]张春辉,陈惠敏,李娟,等.环割对柑橘叶片衰老的影响.园艺学报,2018,45(6):1204-1212.
[16]张锦松,王明召,莫健生.沙糖橘生物学特性及栽培技术研究.南方园艺,2015,26(1):3-7.
[17]梅正敏,区善汉,肖进辉,等.低龄砂糖橘不同环割(剥)处理的保果效果.中国南方果树,2018,47(2):61-63.
[18]张社南,梅正敏,贺申魁,等.桂林地区迟熟砂糖橘落花落果觃律及环割保果效果的观察.中国南方果树,2018,47(1):35-37.