基于FLACS CFD的不同气油比油气混输管道泄漏火灾后果对比
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摘要
不同气油比的油气混输管道泄漏后果危害形式和风险差异的准确判断对于管道泄漏应急处置至关重要。以中国西部某油田集输管道为研究对象,针对不同气油比管道泄漏的火灾危害进行了对比分析,构建了FLACS CFD模型,并研究了油气混输管道原油泄漏形成池火的火灾特征和影响范围,以及天然气泄漏形成喷射火的高温分布和影响规律。研究结果表明:应急处置应考虑不同气油比下池火与喷射火危害的差异。在油气混输管线泄漏10 min形成稳定火焰的场景中,气油比低于100 m~3/t时,原油池火为火灾危险的主要影响因素;气油比高于200 m~3/t时,天然气喷射火为主要影响因素;气油比超过250 m~3/t,高温覆盖距离不再明显增加; 40 m为此场景下混输油气泄漏喷射火致死距离上限,120 m为温度影响上限。
The accurate judgment on the hazard forms and risk difference of leakage consequences for the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline with different gas-oil ratios is crucial for the emergency disposal of pipeline leakage. Taking the gathering pipelines of a oilfield in western China as the research object,the comparative analysis on the fire hazard caused by the leakage of pipeline with different gas-oil ratios was carried out,and a FLACS CFD model was constructed to study the fire characteristics and influence range of pool fire caused by the leakage of crude oil from the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline,as well as the high-temperature distribution and influence laws of the jet fire caused by the leakage of natural gas. The results showed that the difference of pool fire hazard and jet fire hazard under different gas-oil ratios should be considered in the emergency disposal. In the scenario where the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline leaked for 10 minutes to form the stable flame,the pool fire of crude oil was the main influencing factor of fire hazard when the gas-oil ratio was below 100 m~3/t.When the gas-oil ratio was higher than 200 m~3/t,the jet fire of natural gas was the main influencing factor. When the gas-oil ratio exceeded 250 m~3/t,the high-temperature coverage distance no longer increased significantly. In this scenario,the upper limit of lethal distance by the jet fire of mixed transmission oil and gas leakage was 40 m,and 120 m was the upper limit of temperature influence.
The accurate judgment on the hazard forms and risk difference of leakage consequences for the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline with different gas-oil ratios is crucial for the emergency disposal of pipeline leakage. Taking the gathering pipelines of a oilfield in western China as the research object,the comparative analysis on the fire hazard caused by the leakage of pipeline with different gas-oil ratios was carried out,and a FLACS CFD model was constructed to study the fire characteristics and influence range of pool fire caused by the leakage of crude oil from the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline,as well as the high-temperature distribution and influence laws of the jet fire caused by the leakage of natural gas. The results showed that the difference of pool fire hazard and jet fire hazard under different gas-oil ratios should be considered in the emergency disposal. In the scenario where the oil-gas mixed transmission pipeline leaked for 10 minutes to form the stable flame,the pool fire of crude oil was the main influencing factor of fire hazard when the gas-oil ratio was below 100 m~3/t.When the gas-oil ratio was higher than 200 m~3/t,the jet fire of natural gas was the main influencing factor. When the gas-oil ratio exceeded 250 m~3/t,the high-temperature coverage distance no longer increased significantly. In this scenario,the upper limit of lethal distance by the jet fire of mixed transmission oil and gas leakage was 40 m,and 120 m was the upper limit of temperature influence.
引文
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[3]宋艾玲,梁光川,王文耀.世界油气管道现状与发展趋势[J].油气储运,2006,25(6):7-8.SONG Ailing,LIANG Guangchuan,WANG Wenyao.Status and development trend of world oil and gas pipelines[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2006,25(6):7-8.
[4]李岩松.气液两相混输管道水热力模型研究进展[J].油气储运,2017,36(9):12-19.LI Yansong.Research progress on hydrothermal model of gas-liquid two-phase mixed pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(9):12-19.
[5]邓展飞,刘晓丽,边江,等.气塞破裂后油气混输管线压力变化规律[J].当代化工,2018,47(2):290-293.DENG Zhanfei,LIU Xiaoli,BIAN Jiang,et al.Pressurefluctuation of oil-gas multiphase flow pipeline caused by rupture of gas plug[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2018,47(2):290-293.
[6]曹学文,王庆.气液两相流管道泄漏规律模拟[J].油气储运,2017,36(8):969-975.CAO Xuewen,WANG Qing.Simulation on leakage laws of pipelines with gas-liquid two-phase flow[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(8):969-975.
[7]MOHTADI-BONAB M A,ESKANDARI M.A focus on different factors affecting hydrogen induced cracking in oil and natural gas pipeline steel[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2017:S13506307163075 2X.
[8]DUAN J L,CHEN K,YOU Y X,et al.Experimental and computational investigations on severe slugging in a catenary riser[J].China Ocean Engineering,2017,31(6):653-664.
[9]DENG Y,HU H,YU B,et al.A method for simulating the release of natural gas from the rupture of high-pressure pipelines in any terrain[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017:S0304389417306453.
[10]周魁斌,刘娇艳,蒋军成.高压可燃气体泄漏动力学过程与喷射火热灾害分析[J].化工学报,2017,69(4):1276-1287.ZHOU Kuibin,LIU Jiaoyan,JIANG Juncheng.Analyses on dynamical process of high pressure combustible gas leakage and thermal hazard of jet fire[J].CIESC Jorunal,2017,69(4):1276-1287.
[11]REN Jingjie,SHI Jianyun,et al.Simulation on thermal stratification and de-stratification in liquefied gas tanks[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(2):4017-4023.
[12]DARBRA R M,PALACIOS A,CASAL J.Domino effect in chemical accidents:Main features and accident sequences[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,183(1-3):565-573.
[13]吕鹏.原油流淌火燃烧特性的试验研究[J].武警学院学报,2016,32(4):5-9.LV Peng.Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of the crude oil flowing fire[J].Journal of Chinese People’s Army,2016,32(4):5-9.
[14]魏超南,陈国明,刘康.浮式生产系统泄漏天然气爆燃特性与安全区域[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):786-794.WEI Chaonan,CHEN Guoming,LIU Kang.Leakage gas deflagration characteristics and safety of FPSO[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):786-794.
[15]毛金晖,高建丰,邱云钦,等.海底管道原油油气燃烧爆炸实验与数值仿真模拟[J].中国水运(下半月),2017,17(6):101-102,12.MAO Jinhui,GAO Jianfeng,QIU Yunqin,et al.Experimental and numerical simulation of oil and gas combustion explosion in submarine pipeline[J].China Water Transport,2017,17(6):101-102,12.
[16]RAJ P K.Spectrum of fires in an LNG facility assessments,models and consideration in risk evaluations[R].The U.S.Department of Transportation,2006.