等离子体激励器诱导射流的湍流特性研究
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摘要
为了进一步掌握等离子体流动控制机理,完善等离子体激励器数学模型,提升等离子体激励器扰动能力,采用粒子图像测速技术,在静止空气下开展了介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器诱导射流特性研究.实验时,将非对称布局激励器布置在平板模型上,随后将带有激励器的模型放置在有机玻璃箱内,从而避免环境气流对测试结果的影响.基于激励器诱导流场,分析了激励电压对诱导射流特性的影响,揭示了较高电压下诱导射流近壁区的拟序结构,获得了卷起涡、二次涡等拟序结构的演化发展过程,计算了卷起涡脱落频率,阐述了卷起涡与启动涡的区别,初步探索了卷起涡的耗散机制.结果表明:(1)层流射流不能完全概括等离子体诱导射流特性,激励电压是影响射流特性的重要参数.当电压较低时,诱导射流为层流射流;当电压较高时,诱导射流的雷诺数提高,射流剪切层不稳定,层流射流逐渐发展为湍流射流.(2)等离子体诱导湍流射流包含着卷起涡、二次涡等拟序结构;在固定电压下,这些涡结构存在恒定的卷起频率.(3)当激励电压较高时,流动不稳定使得卷起涡发生了拉伸、变形,引起了流场湍动能增大,从而加速了卷起涡的耗散.研究结果为全面认识激励器射流特性,进一步挖掘激励器卷吸掺混能力,提升激励器控制能力积累基础.
In order to understand the controlling mechanism of plasma actuator and develop the mathematical model of plasma actuator, the turbulent characteristics of the jet induced by a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma actuator in quiescent air was studied in a closed chamber using particle image velocimetry(PIV). Here, an asymmetrical DBD plasma actuator was mounted on the plate model. First, measured time-averaged velocity field induced by the DBD plasma actuator indicated that voltage amplitude is an important parameter and could affect the flow characteristics of the induced jet. When the plasma actuator was driven at low voltage, the induced jet was a laminar wall jet. On the other hand, the Reynolds number of induced jet was improved and the shear layer was instability when the plasma actuator was actuated at high voltage. Then the induced jet became a turbulent wall jet. Secondly, the results of transient flow field structure suggested that the induced turbulent wall jet had some coherent structures, such as rolling up vortex and secondary vortex in the near-wall region. And these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f_0= 109Hz. The rolling up vortices had the process of formation, movement, merging and breakdown. Thirdly, the rolling vortex was stretched and collapsed due to the instability of flow field when the plasma actuator was actuated at high voltage. Then turbulence kinetic energy of induced flow filed was increased and the breakdown of rolling vortex was accelerated. The turbulent characteristics of the induced jet could enhance the entrainment effect of plasma actuator between the outside airflow and boundary layer flow, which is very important for flow control applications.
In order to understand the controlling mechanism of plasma actuator and develop the mathematical model of plasma actuator, the turbulent characteristics of the jet induced by a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma actuator in quiescent air was studied in a closed chamber using particle image velocimetry(PIV). Here, an asymmetrical DBD plasma actuator was mounted on the plate model. First, measured time-averaged velocity field induced by the DBD plasma actuator indicated that voltage amplitude is an important parameter and could affect the flow characteristics of the induced jet. When the plasma actuator was driven at low voltage, the induced jet was a laminar wall jet. On the other hand, the Reynolds number of induced jet was improved and the shear layer was instability when the plasma actuator was actuated at high voltage. Then the induced jet became a turbulent wall jet. Secondly, the results of transient flow field structure suggested that the induced turbulent wall jet had some coherent structures, such as rolling up vortex and secondary vortex in the near-wall region. And these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f_0= 109Hz. The rolling up vortices had the process of formation, movement, merging and breakdown. Thirdly, the rolling vortex was stretched and collapsed due to the instability of flow field when the plasma actuator was actuated at high voltage. Then turbulence kinetic energy of induced flow filed was increased and the breakdown of rolling vortex was accelerated. The turbulent characteristics of the induced jet could enhance the entrainment effect of plasma actuator between the outside airflow and boundary layer flow, which is very important for flow control applications.
引文
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2 Li YH,Wu Y,Li J.Review of the investigation on plasma flow control in China.International Journal of Flow Control,2013,4(1)1-18
3吴云,李应红.等离子体流动控制研究进展与展望.航空学报2015,36(2):381-405(Wu Yun,Li Yinghong.Progress and outlook of plasma flow control.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica2015,36(2):381-405(in Chinese))
4 Wang JJ,Choi KS,Feng LH,et al.Recent developments in DB-D plasma flow control.Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2013,6252-78
5 Zhang PF,Liu AB,Wang JJ.Aerodynamic modification of a NACA0012 aerofoil by trailing-edge plasma Gurney flap.AIAA Journal2009,47(10):2467-2474
6冯立好,王晋军,Choi KS.等离子体环量控制翼型增升的实验研究.力学学报,2013,45(6):815-821(Feng Lihao,Wang Jinjun,Choi Ks.Experimental investigation on lift increment of a plasma circulation control airfoil.Acta Mechanica Sinica,2013,45(6)815-821(in Chinese))
7杜海,史志伟,程克明.纳秒脉冲等离子体分离流控制频率优化及涡运动过程分析.航空学报,2016,37(7):2102-2111(Du Hai,Shi Zhiwei,Cheng Keming.Frequency optimization and vortex dynamic process analysis of separated flow control by nanosecond pulsed plasma dischage.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica2016,37(7):2102-2111(in Chinese))
8车学科,聂万胜,侯志勇等.地面实验模拟高空等离子体流动控制效果.航空学报,2015,36(2):441-448(Che Xueke,Nie Wansheng,Hou Zhiyong,et al.High altitude plasma flow contro simulation through ground experiment.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(2):441-448(in Chinese))
9 Che XK,Shao T,Nie WS,et al.Numerical simulation on a nanosecond-pulse surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator in near space.Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2012,45145201
10孟宣市,杨泽人,陈琦等.低雷诺数下层流分离的等离子体控制.航空学报,2016,37(7):2112-2122(Meng Xuanshi,Yang Zeren,Chen Qi,et al.Laminar separation control at low Reynolds numbers using plasma actuator.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(7):2112-2122(in Chinese))
11赵光银,李应红,梁华等.纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡等离子体激励唯象学仿真.物理学报,2015,64(1):015101-015112(Zhao Guangyin,Li Yinghong,Liang Hua,et al.Phenomenological modeling of nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation for flow control.Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(1):015101-015112(in Chinese))
12林麒,黄印阳,潘波等.新型等离子体主动流动控制器及其诱导流场研究.空气动力学学报,2012,30(3):146-150(Lin Qi,Huang Yinyang,Pan Bo,et al.Investigation on new-style plasma active flow controllers and its induced flow field.Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2011,32(1):312-317(in Chinese))
13史志伟,杜海,李铮等.等离子体流动控制技术原理及典型应用.高压电器,2017,53(4):72-78(Shi Zhiwei,Du Hai,Li Zheng,et al.Mechanism and applications of plasma flow control technology.High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(4):72-78(in Chinese))
14 Feng LH,Shi TY,Liu YG.Lift enhancement of an airfoil and an unmanned aerial vehicle by plasma Gurney flaps.AIAA Journal,2017,55(5):1622-1632
15 Xu SY,Cai JS,Li J.Modeling and simulation of plasma gas flow driven by a single nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge.Physics of Plasma,2016,23(10):505-529
16 Wu Z,Wong CW,Wang L,et al.A rapidly settled closed-loop control for airfoil aerodynamics based on plasma actuation.Experiments in Fluids,2015,56:1-15
17吴云,张海灯,于贤君等.轴流压气机等离子体流动控制.工程热物理学报,2017,38(7):1396-1414(Wu Yun,Zhang Haideng,Yu Xianjun,et al.Plasma flow control of axial compressor.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2017,38(7):1396-1414(in Chinese))
18李应红,吴云,张海灯等.等离子体激励式压气机.推进技术,2017,38(10):2164-2171(Li Yinghong,Wu Yun,Zhang Haideng,et al.Plasma actuated compressor.Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(10):2164-2171(in Chinese))
19魏彪,梁华,牛中国等.三角翼微秒脉冲等离子体流动控制的试验研究.高电压技术,2016,42(3):782-789(Wei Biao,Liang Hua,Niu Zhongguo,et al.Experimental investigation of delta-wing flow control by microsecond pulse plasma actuator.High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):782-789(in Chinese))
20吴阳阳,贾敏,王蔚龙等.新型介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器的放电与诱导流动特性实验.电工技术学报,2016,31(24):45-53(Wu Yangyang,Jia Min,Wang Weilong,et al.Experimental research on the discharge and induced flow characteristics of a new dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator.Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):45-53(in Chinese))
21陈庆亚,田希晖,车学科.平流层表面介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制相似准则验证.高电压技术,2016,42(3):821-827(Chen Qingya,Tian Xihui,Che Xueke.Verification on similarity of SDB-D plasma actuator induced jet for stratospheric flow control.High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):821-827(in Chinese))
22 Yan HJ,Yang L,Qi XH,et al.Improving thrust by pulse induced breakdown enhancement in AC surface dielectric barrier discharge actuators for airflow control.Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics2016,42(1):505-529
23于金革,牛中国,梁华等.等离子体用于三角翼模型流动控制试验研究.空气动力学学报,2017,35(2):305-309(Yu Jinge,Niu Zhongguo,Liang Hua,et al.Experimental investigation on delta wing flow control by plasma.Acta Aerodynamica Sinica2017,35(2):305-309(in Chinese))
24杜海,史志伟,耿玺.等离子体激励器对微型飞行器横航向气动力矩控制的实验研究.航空学报,2012,33(10):1781-1790(Du Hai,Shi Zhiwei,Geng Xi.Experimental study of directional-latera aerodynamic moment control of micro air vehicle by plasma actuator.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2012,33(10):1781-1790(in Chinese))
25车学科,聂万胜,周朋辉等.亚微秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导连续漩涡的研究.物理学报,2013,62(22):279-288(Che Xueke,Nie Wansheng,Zhou Penghui,et al.Study on continuous vortices induced by sub-microsecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma.Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(22):279- 288(in Chinese))
26 Wu Y,Li YH,Jia M,et al.Experimental investigation into characteristics of plasma aerodynamic actuation generated by dielectric barrier discharge.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2010,23(1):39-45
27 Roth JR,Sherman DM,Wilkinson SP.Boundary layer flow control with a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma//36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,Reno,1998:1-28
28 Forte M,Jolibois J,Pons J,et al.Optimization of a dielectric barrier discharge actuator by stationary and non-stationary measurements of the induced flow velocity:application to airflow control.Experiments in Fluids,2007,43(6):917-928
29 Kelley CL,Bowles PO,Cooney J.Leading edge separation contro using alternating-current and nanosecond pulse plasma actuator.A-IAA Journal,2014,52(9):1871-1884
30 Zhang X,Huang Y,Wang XN.Turbulent boundary layer separation control using plasma actuator at Reynolds number 2 000 000Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2016,29(5):1237-1246
31 Sekimoto S,Nonomura T,Fujii K.Burst-mode frequency effects of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator for separation control AIAA Journal,2017,55(4):1385-1392
32 Zhang X,Li HX,Huang Y.Wing flow separation control using asymmetrical and symmetrical plasma actuator.Journal of Aircraft2017,54(1):301-309
33 Zhang X,Huang Y,Wang WB.Unmanned air vehicle flow separation control using dielectric barrier discharge plasma at high wind speed.Science China:Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy,2014,57(6):1160-1168
34 Jukes TN,Choi K-S,Johnson GA,et al.Turbulent boundary-layer control for drag reduction using surface plasma//2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference,Portland,2004:1-11
35梁华,李应红,宋慧敏等.等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究.实验流体力学,2011,25(4):22-25(Liang Hua,Li Y-inghong,Song Huimin,et al.PIV investigation on flow induced by plasma aerodynamic actuation.Journal of Experimental in Fluids Mechanics,2011,25(4):22-25(in Chinese))
36梁华,吴云,李军等.等离子体气动激励改善增升装置气动性能的试验.航空学报,2016,37(8):2603-2613(Liang Hua,Wu Yun,Li Jun,et al.Test of high lift system flow control by plasma aerodynamic actuation.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(8):2603-2613(in Chinese))
37 Chun DH,Schwarz WH.Stability of the plane incompressible viscous wall jet subjected to small disturbances.Physics of Fluids,1967,10:911-915
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2 Li YH,Wu Y,Li J.Review of the investigation on plasma flow control in China.International Journal of Flow Control,2013,4(1)1-18
3吴云,李应红.等离子体流动控制研究进展与展望.航空学报2015,36(2):381-405(Wu Yun,Li Yinghong.Progress and outlook of plasma flow control.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica2015,36(2):381-405(in Chinese))
4 Wang JJ,Choi KS,Feng LH,et al.Recent developments in DB-D plasma flow control.Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2013,6252-78
5 Zhang PF,Liu AB,Wang JJ.Aerodynamic modification of a NACA0012 aerofoil by trailing-edge plasma Gurney flap.AIAA Journal2009,47(10):2467-2474
6冯立好,王晋军,Choi KS.等离子体环量控制翼型增升的实验研究.力学学报,2013,45(6):815-821(Feng Lihao,Wang Jinjun,Choi Ks.Experimental investigation on lift increment of a plasma circulation control airfoil.Acta Mechanica Sinica,2013,45(6)815-821(in Chinese))
7杜海,史志伟,程克明.纳秒脉冲等离子体分离流控制频率优化及涡运动过程分析.航空学报,2016,37(7):2102-2111(Du Hai,Shi Zhiwei,Cheng Keming.Frequency optimization and vortex dynamic process analysis of separated flow control by nanosecond pulsed plasma dischage.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica2016,37(7):2102-2111(in Chinese))
8车学科,聂万胜,侯志勇等.地面实验模拟高空等离子体流动控制效果.航空学报,2015,36(2):441-448(Che Xueke,Nie Wansheng,Hou Zhiyong,et al.High altitude plasma flow contro simulation through ground experiment.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(2):441-448(in Chinese))
9 Che XK,Shao T,Nie WS,et al.Numerical simulation on a nanosecond-pulse surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator in near space.Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2012,45145201
10孟宣市,杨泽人,陈琦等.低雷诺数下层流分离的等离子体控制.航空学报,2016,37(7):2112-2122(Meng Xuanshi,Yang Zeren,Chen Qi,et al.Laminar separation control at low Reynolds numbers using plasma actuator.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(7):2112-2122(in Chinese))
11赵光银,李应红,梁华等.纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡等离子体激励唯象学仿真.物理学报,2015,64(1):015101-015112(Zhao Guangyin,Li Yinghong,Liang Hua,et al.Phenomenological modeling of nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation for flow control.Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(1):015101-015112(in Chinese))
12林麒,黄印阳,潘波等.新型等离子体主动流动控制器及其诱导流场研究.空气动力学学报,2012,30(3):146-150(Lin Qi,Huang Yinyang,Pan Bo,et al.Investigation on new-style plasma active flow controllers and its induced flow field.Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2011,32(1):312-317(in Chinese))
13史志伟,杜海,李铮等.等离子体流动控制技术原理及典型应用.高压电器,2017,53(4):72-78(Shi Zhiwei,Du Hai,Li Zheng,et al.Mechanism and applications of plasma flow control technology.High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(4):72-78(in Chinese))
14 Feng LH,Shi TY,Liu YG.Lift enhancement of an airfoil and an unmanned aerial vehicle by plasma Gurney flaps.AIAA Journal,2017,55(5):1622-1632
15 Xu SY,Cai JS,Li J.Modeling and simulation of plasma gas flow driven by a single nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge.Physics of Plasma,2016,23(10):505-529
16 Wu Z,Wong CW,Wang L,et al.A rapidly settled closed-loop control for airfoil aerodynamics based on plasma actuation.Experiments in Fluids,2015,56:1-15
17吴云,张海灯,于贤君等.轴流压气机等离子体流动控制.工程热物理学报,2017,38(7):1396-1414(Wu Yun,Zhang Haideng,Yu Xianjun,et al.Plasma flow control of axial compressor.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2017,38(7):1396-1414(in Chinese))
18李应红,吴云,张海灯等.等离子体激励式压气机.推进技术,2017,38(10):2164-2171(Li Yinghong,Wu Yun,Zhang Haideng,et al.Plasma actuated compressor.Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(10):2164-2171(in Chinese))
19魏彪,梁华,牛中国等.三角翼微秒脉冲等离子体流动控制的试验研究.高电压技术,2016,42(3):782-789(Wei Biao,Liang Hua,Niu Zhongguo,et al.Experimental investigation of delta-wing flow control by microsecond pulse plasma actuator.High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):782-789(in Chinese))
20吴阳阳,贾敏,王蔚龙等.新型介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器的放电与诱导流动特性实验.电工技术学报,2016,31(24):45-53(Wu Yangyang,Jia Min,Wang Weilong,et al.Experimental research on the discharge and induced flow characteristics of a new dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator.Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):45-53(in Chinese))
21陈庆亚,田希晖,车学科.平流层表面介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制相似准则验证.高电压技术,2016,42(3):821-827(Chen Qingya,Tian Xihui,Che Xueke.Verification on similarity of SDB-D plasma actuator induced jet for stratospheric flow control.High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):821-827(in Chinese))
22 Yan HJ,Yang L,Qi XH,et al.Improving thrust by pulse induced breakdown enhancement in AC surface dielectric barrier discharge actuators for airflow control.Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics2016,42(1):505-529
23于金革,牛中国,梁华等.等离子体用于三角翼模型流动控制试验研究.空气动力学学报,2017,35(2):305-309(Yu Jinge,Niu Zhongguo,Liang Hua,et al.Experimental investigation on delta wing flow control by plasma.Acta Aerodynamica Sinica2017,35(2):305-309(in Chinese))
24杜海,史志伟,耿玺.等离子体激励器对微型飞行器横航向气动力矩控制的实验研究.航空学报,2012,33(10):1781-1790(Du Hai,Shi Zhiwei,Geng Xi.Experimental study of directional-latera aerodynamic moment control of micro air vehicle by plasma actuator.Acta Aeronoutica et Astronautica Sinica,2012,33(10):1781-1790(in Chinese))
25车学科,聂万胜,周朋辉等.亚微秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导连续漩涡的研究.物理学报,2013,62(22):279-288(Che Xueke,Nie Wansheng,Zhou Penghui,et al.Study on continuous vortices induced by sub-microsecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma.Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(22):279- 288(in Chinese))
26 Wu Y,Li YH,Jia M,et al.Experimental investigation into characteristics of plasma aerodynamic actuation generated by dielectric barrier discharge.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2010,23(1):39-45
27 Roth JR,Sherman DM,Wilkinson SP.Boundary layer flow control with a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma//36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,Reno,1998:1-28
28 Forte M,Jolibois J,Pons J,et al.Optimization of a dielectric barrier discharge actuator by stationary and non-stationary measurements of the induced flow velocity:application to airflow control.Experiments in Fluids,2007,43(6):917-928
29 Kelley CL,Bowles PO,Cooney J.Leading edge separation contro using alternating-current and nanosecond pulse plasma actuator.A-IAA Journal,2014,52(9):1871-1884
30 Zhang X,Huang Y,Wang XN.Turbulent boundary layer separation control using plasma actuator at Reynolds number 2 000 000Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2016,29(5):1237-1246
31 Sekimoto S,Nonomura T,Fujii K.Burst-mode frequency effects of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator for separation control AIAA Journal,2017,55(4):1385-1392
32 Zhang X,Li HX,Huang Y.Wing flow separation control using asymmetrical and symmetrical plasma actuator.Journal of Aircraft2017,54(1):301-309
33 Zhang X,Huang Y,Wang WB.Unmanned air vehicle flow separation control using dielectric barrier discharge plasma at high wind speed.Science China:Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy,2014,57(6):1160-1168
34 Jukes TN,Choi K-S,Johnson GA,et al.Turbulent boundary-layer control for drag reduction using surface plasma//2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference,Portland,2004:1-11
35梁华,李应红,宋慧敏等.等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究.实验流体力学,2011,25(4):22-25(Liang Hua,Li Y-inghong,Song Huimin,et al.PIV investigation on flow induced by plasma aerodynamic actuation.Journal of Experimental in Fluids Mechanics,2011,25(4):22-25(in Chinese))
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