基于锚杆支护作用的高应力软岩巷道控制技术
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摘要
针对某矿高应力软岩条件下交岔口、接触带和沿脉巷道出现围岩变形量大、支护体破坏严重等非线性大变形问题,应用芬纳公式和莫尔强度理论,采用巷道收敛监测和松动圈测试手段,分析和量化了最佳支护时机和支护强度;基于锚杆核心支护机理和耦合支护非线性原理,研究了三类巷道变形力学机制转化过程,提出了"新型锚杆黏结剂+锚网带喷"的柔性桁架耦合支护、"新型螺纹钢高压注浆锚杆加固巷道支护"和"锚网喷"主动支护方案。针对支护方案,研发了一种凝固时间早、早期强度高的新型锚杆黏结剂和一种可形成多层组合拱的新型螺纹钢高压注浆锚杆及其加固巷道支护方法。实践表明:支护方案充分地发挥了锚杆支护作用,有效地控制了巷道严重变形,保障了巷道的稳定性,减少了支护成本。
Aiming at the problems that the deformation of surrounding rock support body were serious in high stressed soft rock,the optimal support time and support strength were analyzed and quantified by using roadway convergence monitoring and broken rock circle measure which were based on the Fenner formula and the Mohr strength theory.Built on the bolt core support mechanism and nonlinear design method of coupling support,the transformation process of three kinds of roadway deformation mechanics mechanism was studied.Three active support schemes were proposed.They were"new type of bolt adhesive+bolting with wire mesh and steel trip"flexible truss coupling support,"a new type of high-pressure grouting bolt and its reinforcement roadway method"and"anchor net spray"support program.A new type of R & D anchor adhesive had the advantages of early solidification time and high early strength,and can quickly bond the bolt and the surrounding rock.A new type of high-pressure grouting bolt and its reinforcement roadway method formed a multi-level combination of arch coupling support to improve the contact with rock mass self-bearing capacity,while expanding the supporting structure of the effective carrying range.The practice showed that the bolt support functions were played a key role in support programs and the serious deformation of the roadway was effectively controlled.Support costs were reduced.The stability of the roadway was guaranteed.
Aiming at the problems that the deformation of surrounding rock support body were serious in high stressed soft rock,the optimal support time and support strength were analyzed and quantified by using roadway convergence monitoring and broken rock circle measure which were based on the Fenner formula and the Mohr strength theory.Built on the bolt core support mechanism and nonlinear design method of coupling support,the transformation process of three kinds of roadway deformation mechanics mechanism was studied.Three active support schemes were proposed.They were"new type of bolt adhesive+bolting with wire mesh and steel trip"flexible truss coupling support,"a new type of high-pressure grouting bolt and its reinforcement roadway method"and"anchor net spray"support program.A new type of R & D anchor adhesive had the advantages of early solidification time and high early strength,and can quickly bond the bolt and the surrounding rock.A new type of high-pressure grouting bolt and its reinforcement roadway method formed a multi-level combination of arch coupling support to improve the contact with rock mass self-bearing capacity,while expanding the supporting structure of the effective carrying range.The practice showed that the bolt support functions were played a key role in support programs and the serious deformation of the roadway was effectively controlled.Support costs were reduced.The stability of the roadway was guaranteed.
引文
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[15]何良军,焦满岱,等.螺纹钢高压注浆锚杆及其加固巷道支护:CN 103696787B[P].2016-07-20.
[2]陈光炎,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:138-140.
[3]付国彬,姜志方.深井巷道矿山压力控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996:183-186.
[4]何满潮.软岩巷道工程概论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993:237-241.
[5]王其胜,李夕兵,李地元.深部开采流变性软岩巷道底鼓原因与防治[J].金属矿山,2008(1):47-49,150.
[6]王彩根,马文顶,王楚光.软岩巷道合理支护强度的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(1):51-587.
[7]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/T50218—2014工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014.
[8]蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:368-370.
[9]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.
[10]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1994:328-332.
[11]徐志英.岩石力学[M].第三版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:131-136.
[12]徐志英.岩石力学[M].第三版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:145-146.
[13]沈明荣,陈建峰.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2013:41-42.
[14]陈小平,刘武团,等.一种锚杆粘结剂:CN 102603259B[P].2014-01-15.
[15]何良军,焦满岱,等.螺纹钢高压注浆锚杆及其加固巷道支护:CN 103696787B[P].2016-07-20.