宁夏红枣主产区土壤养分的含量
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摘要
为宁夏红枣的科学施肥提供理论依据,以灵武、中宁、中卫和同心4个产区的盛果期枣园为研究对象,通过测定其土壤养分的含量,并对其进行相关性和主成分分析。结果表明:宁夏枣园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效锰、有效铜和有效铁的平均含量分别为5.18g/kg、0.38g/kg、0.48g/kg、16.56g/kg、25.95mg/kg、4.02mg/kg、74.34mg/kg、0.48mg/kg、4.14mg/kg、1.06mg/kg和7.36mg/kg,与全国第2次土壤普查结果相比,有机质、全氮和速效氮含量极缺乏,速效磷、有效锌和有效锰含量缺乏,全磷、速效钾和有效铁含量中等,全钾和有效铜含量丰富,且土壤养分表聚化现象明显。经主成分分析,从13个土壤养分指标中提取3个主成分,积累方差贡献率达78.363%,4个产区土壤养分综合得分依次为灵武>中宁>同心>中卫。
The content of different nutrients in soils from jujube orchards of four main producing areas was determined and analyzed by the correlation and principal component analysis to provide the theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of red jujube in Ningxia.Result:The average content of organic matter,total N,total P,total K,rapid available N,rapid available P,rapid available K,available Zn,available Mn,available Cu and available Fe in soils of jujube orchards is 5.18 g/kg,0.38 g/kg,0.48 g/kg,16.56 g/kg,25.95 mg/kg,4.02 mg/kg,74.34 mg/kg,0.48 mg/kg,4.14 mg/kg,1.06 mg/kg and7.36 mg/kg respectively.The organic matter,total N and rapid available N content,rapid available P available Zn and available Mn content,total P,rapid available K and available Fe content and total K and available Cu content in soils of jujube orchards is at extreme deficiency level,deficiency level,moderate level and abundant level compared with the results from the Second National Soil Survey respectively,which indicates there is an obvious phenomenon in surface accumulation of soil nutrients.The principal component analysis shows that the accumulated variance contribution rate of three principal components selected from 13 soil nutrient indexes reaches 78.363%.The comprehensive score of soil nutrients in four producing areas is Lingwu>Zhongning>Tongxin>Zhongwei.
The content of different nutrients in soils from jujube orchards of four main producing areas was determined and analyzed by the correlation and principal component analysis to provide the theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of red jujube in Ningxia.Result:The average content of organic matter,total N,total P,total K,rapid available N,rapid available P,rapid available K,available Zn,available Mn,available Cu and available Fe in soils of jujube orchards is 5.18 g/kg,0.38 g/kg,0.48 g/kg,16.56 g/kg,25.95 mg/kg,4.02 mg/kg,74.34 mg/kg,0.48 mg/kg,4.14 mg/kg,1.06 mg/kg and7.36 mg/kg respectively.The organic matter,total N and rapid available N content,rapid available P available Zn and available Mn content,total P,rapid available K and available Fe content and total K and available Cu content in soils of jujube orchards is at extreme deficiency level,deficiency level,moderate level and abundant level compared with the results from the Second National Soil Survey respectively,which indicates there is an obvious phenomenon in surface accumulation of soil nutrients.The principal component analysis shows that the accumulated variance contribution rate of three principal components selected from 13 soil nutrient indexes reaches 78.363%.The comprehensive score of soil nutrients in four producing areas is Lingwu>Zhongning>Tongxin>Zhongwei.
引文
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[21]魏天军,李慧,李百云.主产区枣园土壤与果实硒含量分析及富硒技术试验初报[J].宁夏农林科技,2018(2):16-19.
[22]王雪斌,杨学鹏,杨艳萍.枣园管理中存在的问题及对策[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(7):40-41.
[2]高疆生,杨伟,唐都,等.密植枣园土壤养分消长特性对枣果实品质及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(3):455-460.
[3]杨伟.南疆不同种植密度枣园土壤养分消长特性对枣果实品质及产量影响的研究[D].塔里木大学,2013.
[4]魏天军,李百云,李慧.平衡施肥对旱地‘同心圆枣’产量与品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(19):5-9.
[5]张玉方,张雁南,曹兵.施用秸秆与麦壳对灵武长枣生长的影响[C].厦门:中国园艺学会2015年学术年会论文摘要集,2015.
[6]宋锋惠,哈地尔·依沙克,史彦江,等.新疆塔里木盆地骏枣果实营养与土壤养分相关性分析[J].果树学报,2010,27(4):626-630.
[7]魏天军,李百云.抗旱龙在旱砂地枣树上的应用效果研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2010(4):1-3.
[8]魏天军,李百云.水肥调控对宁夏旱砂地枣树生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):287-291.
[9]李百云,魏天军.宁夏旱作同心圆枣土壤水分运行规律研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2014(12):36-38.
[10]李华.宁夏灵武长枣种植基地土壤养分调查与分析[D].银川:宁夏大学,2013.
[11]张雁南,孙志龙,刘毓璟,等.宁夏‘灵武长枣’种植基地土壤养分状况对比与分析[J].中国果树,2016(5):24-28.
[12]全国土壤普查办公室.全国第二次土壤普查暂行技术规程[M].北京:农业出版社,1979.
[13]吕英华,秦双月.测土与施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[14]NIELSEN D R,BOUMA J.Soil Spatial Variability[M].Pudoc Wageningen,1985:2-30.
[15]毛彩云,王克利,孔德平,等.土壤含盐量对大葱生长状况及产量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2006,10(4):112-113.
[16]王中堂,张琼,陈雯,等.山东省长红枣主产区土壤养分丰缺状况[J].山东农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(3):33-37.
[17]宋家清,郑秀社,王斌,等.东营枣区枣园土壤养分分类的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(11):5776-5777.
[18]张守仕,彭福田,李岩,等.沾化县冬枣园的土壤有效养分状况[J].落叶果树,2006,38(6):6-7.
[19]张立树,刘进余,李志欣,等.沧州金丝小枣枣园浅层土壤养分含量测定及施肥建议[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(12):39-40.
[20]袁宇尧,李颖德,任宇强,等.新疆阿拉尔垦区密植枣园土壤养分含量调查与分析[J].塔里木大学学报,2016,28(3):1-6.
[21]魏天军,李慧,李百云.主产区枣园土壤与果实硒含量分析及富硒技术试验初报[J].宁夏农林科技,2018(2):16-19.
[22]王雪斌,杨学鹏,杨艳萍.枣园管理中存在的问题及对策[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(7):40-41.