格尔木市2018年小型重点单位蟑螂侵害评估
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摘要
目的通过现场调查,分析格尔木市小型重点单位蟑螂侵害情况,为制订蟑螂防治提供科学依据。方法采用目测法调查室内蟑螂成若虫侵害率和密度指数、蟑螂活卵鞘侵害率和密度指数,记录调查标准间数、阳性的标准间数,标准间中有蟑螂、活卵鞘数量及种类等数据,进行统计分析,将所得数据与蟑螂密度控制水平国家标准比较,评价蟑螂防治效果。结果格尔木市小型重点单位,蟑螂成若虫侵害率为3.59%,查见成若虫17只,均为德国小蠊,密度指数为2.83只/间;活卵鞘未查见,蟑迹查获率为4.19%,所有指标都达到《病媒生物密度控制水平蜚蠊》(GB/T 27773-2011)C级标准。主要侵害的类型是便利店(商行)、中小饭店等。结论格尔木市应广泛开展健康教育宣传,提高人们对蟑螂形态、危害、控制技术的认识;形成政府主导、全民参与的蟑螂控制管理模式,加强对中小饭店、食品便利店蟑螂的监测与控制,防止蟑螂繁殖、蔓延扩散。
Objective To analyze the cockroach invasion of small key units in Golmud through on-site investigation and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods The infestation rate and density of cockroach,nymph and living egg sheath were investigated by visual inspection.Their identification and counting data,the number of surveyed rooms and positive rooms were recorded and the statistical analysis was carried out.According to the criteria for vector density control-cockroach,the effectiveness of cockroach prevention and control was evaluated.Results In small key units of Golmud,the invasion rate of cockroach adults and nymph was 3.59% and the density index was 2.83 insects per room.A total of 17 cockroaches were captured and identified as Blattella germanica.There were not any live eggs found in the investigation.The positive rate of cockroach trace was 4.19%.All of the above indicators reached Grade C of "Criteria for vector density control cockroach"(GB/T 27773-2011).Convenience stores,small and medium-sized restaurants were the main places where the cockroaches infested mostly.Conclusion Health education is necessary in Golmud to raise people's understanding of cockroach morphology,harm and control technology.The cockroach control management mode of government-led and popular commitment should be formed,which strengthen the monitoring and control of the cockroach in small and medium-sized hotels and food convenience stores,and prevent cockroach breeding and spreading.
Objective To analyze the cockroach invasion of small key units in Golmud through on-site investigation and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods The infestation rate and density of cockroach,nymph and living egg sheath were investigated by visual inspection.Their identification and counting data,the number of surveyed rooms and positive rooms were recorded and the statistical analysis was carried out.According to the criteria for vector density control-cockroach,the effectiveness of cockroach prevention and control was evaluated.Results In small key units of Golmud,the invasion rate of cockroach adults and nymph was 3.59% and the density index was 2.83 insects per room.A total of 17 cockroaches were captured and identified as Blattella germanica.There were not any live eggs found in the investigation.The positive rate of cockroach trace was 4.19%.All of the above indicators reached Grade C of "Criteria for vector density control cockroach"(GB/T 27773-2011).Convenience stores,small and medium-sized restaurants were the main places where the cockroaches infested mostly.Conclusion Health education is necessary in Golmud to raise people's understanding of cockroach morphology,harm and control technology.The cockroach control management mode of government-led and popular commitment should be formed,which strengthen the monitoring and control of the cockroach in small and medium-sized hotels and food convenience stores,and prevent cockroach breeding and spreading.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.病媒生物密度监测方法蜚蠊:GB/T 23795-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[2] 冷培恩,刘洪霞,曾晓芃,等.《病媒生物密度控制水平》国家标准解析[J].上海预防医学,2017,29(12):910-914.
[3] 章士军,支云冲,王智泉,等.大型室内农贸市场蟑螂侵害调查分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2014,20(5):475- 477.
[4] 王欣,庞松涛,陈保忠,等.2005-2014年西安市蟑螂侵害调查分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(4):381-383,387.
[5] 郑天柱.郑州市医疗机构蟑螂侵害调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(4):397-398.
[6] 邢俊,周祎,齐上.大连市2013年蟑螂监测及侵害现状的调查研究[J].医学动物防制,2015,31(5):525-526.
[7] 张莹,黄克夷,孙胜利,等.长春市蟑螂种群密度及侵害情况调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(1):59-60.
[8] 惠兆斌,李小飞,杨艳华.列车蟑螂种群分布季节消长及携带细菌调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(9):1208-1210.
[9] 段华安,唐孝富,贺玲.2013年合川地区病媒生物监测结果分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2015,9(1):12-15.
[10] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会(原中华人民共和国卫生部).健康66条-中国公民健康素养读本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:33-35.
[2] 冷培恩,刘洪霞,曾晓芃,等.《病媒生物密度控制水平》国家标准解析[J].上海预防医学,2017,29(12):910-914.
[3] 章士军,支云冲,王智泉,等.大型室内农贸市场蟑螂侵害调查分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2014,20(5):475- 477.
[4] 王欣,庞松涛,陈保忠,等.2005-2014年西安市蟑螂侵害调查分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(4):381-383,387.
[5] 郑天柱.郑州市医疗机构蟑螂侵害调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(4):397-398.
[6] 邢俊,周祎,齐上.大连市2013年蟑螂监测及侵害现状的调查研究[J].医学动物防制,2015,31(5):525-526.
[7] 张莹,黄克夷,孙胜利,等.长春市蟑螂种群密度及侵害情况调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(1):59-60.
[8] 惠兆斌,李小飞,杨艳华.列车蟑螂种群分布季节消长及携带细菌调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(9):1208-1210.
[9] 段华安,唐孝富,贺玲.2013年合川地区病媒生物监测结果分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2015,9(1):12-15.
[10] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会(原中华人民共和国卫生部).健康66条-中国公民健康素养读本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:33-35.