地震与强降雨条件下云南鲁甸王家坡震裂山体稳定性分析
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摘要
强震、暴雨等极端工况下的动力响应研究是震裂山体稳定性分析的关键。针对云南省鲁甸县红石岩堰塞坝水电库区边坡稳定性问题,运用三维数值模拟手段,对王家坡震裂山体在竖向和水平向地震波耦合作用下的动力响应全过程进行研究,并与暴雨工况及天然工况进行对比。研究结果表明:强震及暴雨作用下,王家坡震裂山体主要位移变形均发生在山体上部的断层影响带全强风化层表层部位,最大位移量分别为0.64 m和0.28 m;结合应力分布及剪应变增量分析可知,斜坡整体最大变形方向为N7°W。在天然状态下,坡体整体稳定性较好,但在极端工况下,坡体上部全强风化层发生坡表局部失稳的可能性较大。动力稳定性分析结果与实际监测数据较吻合,可为红石岩水电库区建设及王家坡震裂山体边坡治理提供参考依据。
The dynamic response under earthquake and strong raining loading were the critical factor of seismic-slope dynamic stability researches. Three dimensional numerical simulation has been used,coupled with the vertical and horizontal seismic wave,to analyze the whole process of dynamic response of Wangjipo seismic slope stability at Hongshiyan hydropower station in Ludian County,Yunnan Province,China. When compared the results of earthquake loading with the results of strong raining loading and natural gravity loading,it has been shown that under the earthquake loading and strong raining loading, the main displacement deformation of the Wangjiapo seismic slope were both occurred at the completely-intensely weathered limestone layer which was on the top of the slope,and the maximum displacements were shown as0. 64 m and 0. 28 m,respectively. Through analysis of the displacements,the stress distributions and the shear strain increments,the seismic slope maximum deformation direction was N7° W. In conclusion,the stability of the whole seismic slope was well under the natural gravity loading; however,under the extreme conditions,there was a high possibility that the surface layer of the completely-intensely weathered limestone layer would be failed. The results of dynamic stability analysis proposed in this paper fitted perfectly with the actual monitoring data,could provide theoretical basis for prevention design of the Hongshiyan hydropower station and the Wangjiapo seismic slope.
The dynamic response under earthquake and strong raining loading were the critical factor of seismic-slope dynamic stability researches. Three dimensional numerical simulation has been used,coupled with the vertical and horizontal seismic wave,to analyze the whole process of dynamic response of Wangjipo seismic slope stability at Hongshiyan hydropower station in Ludian County,Yunnan Province,China. When compared the results of earthquake loading with the results of strong raining loading and natural gravity loading,it has been shown that under the earthquake loading and strong raining loading, the main displacement deformation of the Wangjiapo seismic slope were both occurred at the completely-intensely weathered limestone layer which was on the top of the slope,and the maximum displacements were shown as0. 64 m and 0. 28 m,respectively. Through analysis of the displacements,the stress distributions and the shear strain increments,the seismic slope maximum deformation direction was N7° W. In conclusion,the stability of the whole seismic slope was well under the natural gravity loading; however,under the extreme conditions,there was a high possibility that the surface layer of the completely-intensely weathered limestone layer would be failed. The results of dynamic stability analysis proposed in this paper fitted perfectly with the actual monitoring data,could provide theoretical basis for prevention design of the Hongshiyan hydropower station and the Wangjiapo seismic slope.
引文
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[16]夏敏,任光明,郭亚莎,等.地震诱发滑坡复活机制的FLAC3D数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):305-311.XIA Min,REN Guangming,GUO Yasha,et al.FLAC3Dnumerical simulation of recurrence mechanism of landslide under earthquake loading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):305-311.
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[19]程佳,刘杰,徐锡伟,等.大凉山次级块体内强震发生的构造特征与2014年鲁甸6.5级地震对周边断层的影响[J].地震地质,2014,36(4):1228-1243.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,XU Xiwei,et al.Tectonic characteristics of strong earthquakes in daliangshan sub-block and impact of the ms 6.5 ludian earthquake in 2014 on the surrounding faults[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(4):1228-1243.
[20]言志信,高乐,彭宁波,等.顺层岩质边坡地震动力响应研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S2):85-90.YAN Zhixin,GAO Le,PENG Ningbo,et al.Study of dynamic response of bedding rock slope under earthquakes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(S2):85-90.
[21]祁生文,伍法权,孙进忠.边坡动力响应规律研究[J].中国科学,2003,33(S):28-40.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,SUN Jinzhong.Study on dynamic response of slope[J].Chinese Science,2003,33(S):28-40.
[22]R.Baker,R.Shukha,V.Operstein,S.Frydman.Stability charts for pseudo-static slope stability analysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(9):813-823.
[23]罗璟,裴向军,黄润秋,等.强震作用下滑坡岩体震裂损伤程度影响因素研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(6):1105-1114.LUO Jing,PEI Xiangjun,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Influencing factors for damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(6):1105-1114.
[24]夏栋舟,刘建华,何忠明.强震作用下岩质高边坡动力特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2012,43(6):2396-2402.XIA Dongzhou,LIU Jianhua,HE Zhongming.Dynamic behaviors of high rock slope under strong earthquake[J].Journal of Central South University(Science&Technology),2012,43(6):2396-2402.
[25]Jong Hoo Lee,Jae Kwang Ahn,Duhee Park.Prediction of seismic displacement of dry mountain slopes composed of a soft thin uniform layer[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,79:5-16.
[26]Yaqun Liu,Haibo Li,Keqiang Xiao,et al.Seismic stability analysis of a layered rock slope[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,55:474-481.
[27]陈建宏,张涛,曾向农,等.尾矿坝边坡稳定性仿真建模与安全分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):635-640.CHEN Jianhong,ZHANG Tao,ZENG Xiangnong,et al.Slope stability simulation modeling and safety analysis of tailings dam[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Science and Technology),2008,39(4):635-640.
[28]陈晓利,李杨,洪启宇,等.地震作用下边坡动力响应的数值模拟研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1889-1908.CHEN Xiaoli,LI Yang,HONG Qiyu,et al.Numerical simulation of earthquake effects on rock slope[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1889-1908.
[29]汤罗圣,殷坤龙,周丽,等.基于数值模拟与位移监测的滑坡抗剪强度参数反演分析研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(4):32-37.TANG Luosheng,YIN Kunlong,ZHOU Li,et al.A study of landslide shear strength parameters by inversion analysis based on numerical simulation and monitoring displacement[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2012,39(4):32-37.
[30]杨志强,高谦,翟淑花,等.复杂工程地质体地应力场智能反演[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(4):154-160.YANG Zhiqiang,GAO Qian,ZHAI Shuhua,et al.Intelligent inversion method of in-situ stress field for a complicated engineering geological body[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(4):154-160.
[2]周庆,吴果.鲁甸6.5级地震崩滑地质灾害分布与成因探讨[J].地震地质,2015,37(1):269-278.ZHOU Qing,WU Guo.Seismic landslides and seismogenic structure of the 2014 ludian ms6.5earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2015,37(1):269-278.
[3]许冲,徐锡伟,沈玲玲,等.2014年鲁甸MS 6.5地震触发滑坡编录及其对一些地震参数的指示[J].地震地质,2014,36(4):1186-1230.XU Chong,XU Xiwei,SHEN Lingling,et al.Inventory of landslides triggered by the 2014 Ms6.5ludian earthquake and its implications on several earthquake parameters[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(4):1186-1230.
[4]ZHAO Lianheng,CHENG Xiao,ZHANG Yingbin,et al.Stability analysis of seismic slopes with cracks[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,77:77-90.
[5]M Khosravizadeh,M Dehestani,F Kalantary.On the seismic stability and critical slip surface of reinforced slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,85:179-190.
[6]A Johari,A R Khodaparast.Analytical stochastic analysis of seismic stability of infinite slope[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engi,2015,79:17-21.
[7]Masahiro Shinoda.Seismic stability and displacement analyses of earth slopes using non-circular slip surface[J].Soils and Foundations,2015,55(2):227-241.
[8]Newmark N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160.
[9]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[10]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by wenchuan 8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.
[11]胡新丽,唐辉明,李长冬,等.基于参数反演的保扎滑坡变形破坏机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(6):795-801.HU Xinli,TANG Huiming,LI Changdong,et al.Deformation mechanism of baozha landslide with parametric back analysis[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(6):795-801.
[12]Mohammad Reza Arvin,Faradjollah Askari,Orang Farzaneh.Seismic behavior of slopes by lower bound dynamic shakedown theory[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,39:107-115.
[13]GUO Mingwei,GE Xiurun,WANG Shuilin.Slope stability analysis under seismic load by vector sum analysis method[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2011,3(3):282-288.
[14]闫长斌,徐国元,李夕兵.爆破震动对采空区稳定性影响的FLAC3D分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2894-2899.YAN Changbin,XU Guoyuan,LI Xibing.Stability analysis of mined-out areas influenced by blasting vibration with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2894-2899.
[15]陈新泽,唐辉明,杨有成,等.基于FLAC3D强度折减法滑坡三维稳定性研究—以三峡库区白果树古滑坡群为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):24-29.CHEN Xinze,TANG Huiming,YANG Youcheng,et al.3D analysis of landslide stability based on strength reduction FLAC3D:taking Baiguoshu paleo-landslide group in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as example[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):24-29.
[16]夏敏,任光明,郭亚莎,等.地震诱发滑坡复活机制的FLAC3D数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):305-311.XIA Min,REN Guangming,GUO Yasha,et al.FLAC3Dnumerical simulation of recurrence mechanism of landslide under earthquake loading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):305-311.
[17]杨世相,刘振波,倪亮.盐津变电所滑坡工程治理及FLAC3D数值模拟分析[J].武汉大学学报(工程版),2007,40(S):577-582.YANG Shixiang,LIU Zhenbo,NI Liang.FLAC3D numerical modeling and treatment measures of YanjinSubstation landslide[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2007,40(S):577-582.
[18]朱道建,赵艳鹏,商金华,等.长兴岛工作井基坑变形及稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(S1):100-104.ZHU Daojian,ZHAO Yanpeng,SHANG Jinhua,et al.Deformation and stability analysis of foundation pit on Changxing Island[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(S1):100-104.
[19]程佳,刘杰,徐锡伟,等.大凉山次级块体内强震发生的构造特征与2014年鲁甸6.5级地震对周边断层的影响[J].地震地质,2014,36(4):1228-1243.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,XU Xiwei,et al.Tectonic characteristics of strong earthquakes in daliangshan sub-block and impact of the ms 6.5 ludian earthquake in 2014 on the surrounding faults[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(4):1228-1243.
[20]言志信,高乐,彭宁波,等.顺层岩质边坡地震动力响应研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S2):85-90.YAN Zhixin,GAO Le,PENG Ningbo,et al.Study of dynamic response of bedding rock slope under earthquakes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(S2):85-90.
[21]祁生文,伍法权,孙进忠.边坡动力响应规律研究[J].中国科学,2003,33(S):28-40.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,SUN Jinzhong.Study on dynamic response of slope[J].Chinese Science,2003,33(S):28-40.
[22]R.Baker,R.Shukha,V.Operstein,S.Frydman.Stability charts for pseudo-static slope stability analysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(9):813-823.
[23]罗璟,裴向军,黄润秋,等.强震作用下滑坡岩体震裂损伤程度影响因素研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(6):1105-1114.LUO Jing,PEI Xiangjun,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Influencing factors for damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(6):1105-1114.
[24]夏栋舟,刘建华,何忠明.强震作用下岩质高边坡动力特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2012,43(6):2396-2402.XIA Dongzhou,LIU Jianhua,HE Zhongming.Dynamic behaviors of high rock slope under strong earthquake[J].Journal of Central South University(Science&Technology),2012,43(6):2396-2402.
[25]Jong Hoo Lee,Jae Kwang Ahn,Duhee Park.Prediction of seismic displacement of dry mountain slopes composed of a soft thin uniform layer[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,79:5-16.
[26]Yaqun Liu,Haibo Li,Keqiang Xiao,et al.Seismic stability analysis of a layered rock slope[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,55:474-481.
[27]陈建宏,张涛,曾向农,等.尾矿坝边坡稳定性仿真建模与安全分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):635-640.CHEN Jianhong,ZHANG Tao,ZENG Xiangnong,et al.Slope stability simulation modeling and safety analysis of tailings dam[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Science and Technology),2008,39(4):635-640.
[28]陈晓利,李杨,洪启宇,等.地震作用下边坡动力响应的数值模拟研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1889-1908.CHEN Xiaoli,LI Yang,HONG Qiyu,et al.Numerical simulation of earthquake effects on rock slope[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1889-1908.
[29]汤罗圣,殷坤龙,周丽,等.基于数值模拟与位移监测的滑坡抗剪强度参数反演分析研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(4):32-37.TANG Luosheng,YIN Kunlong,ZHOU Li,et al.A study of landslide shear strength parameters by inversion analysis based on numerical simulation and monitoring displacement[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2012,39(4):32-37.
[30]杨志强,高谦,翟淑花,等.复杂工程地质体地应力场智能反演[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(4):154-160.YANG Zhiqiang,GAO Qian,ZHAI Shuhua,et al.Intelligent inversion method of in-situ stress field for a complicated engineering geological body[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(4):154-160.