基于“奥运会大事件”驱动的里约城市空间再构及其对中国的启示
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摘要
"奥运会大事件"是用于城市空间生产的策略工具。从20世纪20年代里约的第一个国际化体育赛事——南美足球竞标赛促使里约城市发生转型开始,里约一直走在事件促发城市空间更新的路途上。2016年,里约奥运会大事件推进了里约城市空间的演变,给城市发展带来了新的机遇和联动效应。里约政府与地方资本结成"增长联盟",驱动了里约城市空间的再构。本文分析了奥运会大事件影响下里约城市区域的空间复兴和城市空间布局、贫民窟的城市—社会空间变革等3个方面的空间再构,并指出体育设施布局、交通基础设施建设等影响里约城市空间结构的物质要素。
Olympic mega events are used as a strategy in the production of the urban space. From Rio's first international sporting event- the South American soccer tournament in the 1920 s which promotes urban transformation in Rio, Rio had been on the urban renewal road which is triggered by mega event.The 2016 Rio Olympics mega event promotes the evolution of urban space. It brings new opportunities and linkage effect for the development of Rio city. Rio government and local capital forms growth coalition driving Rio city space structure. In this paper, it analyzes the Rio city region space renaissance, the city space layout and the urban-social space changes under the influence of the Rio Olympics. It points out that the sports facilities layout and the traffic infrastructure are the main elements of the urban space structure.
Olympic mega events are used as a strategy in the production of the urban space. From Rio's first international sporting event- the South American soccer tournament in the 1920 s which promotes urban transformation in Rio, Rio had been on the urban renewal road which is triggered by mega event.The 2016 Rio Olympics mega event promotes the evolution of urban space. It brings new opportunities and linkage effect for the development of Rio city. Rio government and local capital forms growth coalition driving Rio city space structure. In this paper, it analyzes the Rio city region space renaissance, the city space layout and the urban-social space changes under the influence of the Rio Olympics. It points out that the sports facilities layout and the traffic infrastructure are the main elements of the urban space structure.
引文
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[2]陈浩,张京祥,吴启焰,等.大事件影响下的城市空间演化特征研究——以昆明为例[J].人文地理,2010(05):41-46.
[3]陆枭麟,王苑,张京祥,等.全球性大事件及其影响效应研究评述[J].国际城市规划,2011(02):66-71.
[4]伦佐·勒卡达内.大事件:作为都市发展的新战略工具——从世博会对城市与社会的影响谈起[J].时代建筑,2003(04):28-32.
[5]王春雷.重大事件对城市空间结构的影响:研究进展与管理对策[J].人文地理,2012(05):13-19.
[6]于涛,张京祥,殷洁.转型期我国城市营销的企业化倾向及其影响[J].经济地理,2009(04):608-612.
[7]王小健,陈眉舞.大事件建筑规划设计与城市空间协同发展研究[J].华中建筑,2007(08):35-38.
[8]ABAD J.Olympic Village,city and organization of the Olympic games:the experience of Barcelona 1992[M].Lausanne:IOC Museum,1996.
[9]马国馨.巴塞罗那与奥运会[J].建筑学报,1992(04):56-62.
[10]GAFFNEY C.Mega-events and sociospatial dynamics in Rio de Janeiro,1919-2016[J].Journal of Latin American Geography,2010(01):7-29.
[11]Brazil moment to shine—Opportunities for UK business in the Rio 2016Olympic&Paralympic Games[R].UK Trade&Investment,2011.
[12]Fatima Bayma de Oliveira,Anderson de Souza Sant'Anna,Daniel a Martins Diniz.Leaderships in Urban Contexts of Diversity and Innovation:The Porto Maravilha Case[J].BAR-Brazilian Administration Review,2015,12(03):268-287.
[13]JONES Y.Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games Trade Mission[R].UK Trade&Investment,2012.
[14]王璐.基于城市形态的重大节事理论溯源及其发展趋向展望[J].南方建筑,2010,30(04):16-19.
[15]王春雷,重大事件对城市空间结构的影响:研究进展与管理对策[J].人文地理,2012(05):14.
[16]CHALKLEY B,ESSEX S.Urban development through hosting international events:a history of the Olyirpic games[J].Planning Perspectives,1999,14(04):369-394.
[17]SEAR L.Uncertain Legacy:Sydney's Olympic Stadiums[J].European Planning Studies,2002(10):845-860.
[18]施卫良,桂琳.顺势而行——关于北京2022年冬奥会规划设计工作的一些思考[J].世界建筑,2015(09):20-25.