基于CVaR准则的共享单车区域投放策略研究
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摘要
近两年,以摩拜和ofo为首的无桩共享单车快速发展并融入我们的生活中,成为人们日常出行的重要代步工具之一。实际上,共享单车在国内外已经有了多年的发展,学术界对于共享单车的研究一直保持较高的热度。然而,学术界的研究一直比较热衷于共享单车的跨时间和跨区域管理,而对于区域管理一直没有较好的研究成果。文章重点研究共享单车的区域管理问题,利用报童模型,结合共享单车需求极大依赖库存的特点,并假设共享单车运营企业具有风险厌恶,基于CVaR(conditional value at risk)准则,探讨在不存在缺货损失以及存在缺货损失时,如何确定共享单车区域投放量最优值。
In recent two years,Mobike and ofo have gradually taken the bike-sharing into our daily life,and we have realized that the sharing bike could facilitate our daily trips a lot.In fact,the bike-sharing has developed a few years at home and abroad,and the academia have paid a considerable amount of attention to the research concerning the bike-sharing.However,many experts focus on solving the static rebalancing problem happened in different areas,rather than the inventory problem in one area.This paper tries to use the classical newsvendor model under CVaR criterion to solve the problem.The model would concentrate on the differences between sharing-bike and any other products,that is,the demand of sharing-bike would be affected greatly by the initial inventory.In addition,we will take the loss sales penalty into consideration.
In recent two years,Mobike and ofo have gradually taken the bike-sharing into our daily life,and we have realized that the sharing bike could facilitate our daily trips a lot.In fact,the bike-sharing has developed a few years at home and abroad,and the academia have paid a considerable amount of attention to the research concerning the bike-sharing.However,many experts focus on solving the static rebalancing problem happened in different areas,rather than the inventory problem in one area.This paper tries to use the classical newsvendor model under CVaR criterion to solve the problem.The model would concentrate on the differences between sharing-bike and any other products,that is,the demand of sharing-bike would be affected greatly by the initial inventory.In addition,we will take the loss sales penalty into consideration.
引文
[1] SHAHEEN S A,GUZMAN S,ZHANG H.Bikesharing in Europe,the Americas,and Asia:Past,present,and future,transportation research record[J].Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2010,2143(1316350):159-167.
[2] SCHUIJBROEK J,HAMPSHIRE R C,HOEVE W J V.Inventory rebalancing and vehicle routing in bike sharing systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2016,257(3):992-1004.
[3] FRICKER C,GAST N,MOHAMED H.Mean field analysis for inhomogeneous bike sharing systems[J].Intern Meeting on Probabilistic,2012.
[4] LIN J R,YANG T H,CHANG Y C.A hub location inventory model for bicycle sharing system designFormulation and solution[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2013,65(1):77-86.
[5] FRADE I,RIBEIRO A.Bike-sharing stations a maximal covering location approach[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2015(82):216-227.
[6] FAROQI H,SADEGHI-NIARAKI A.GIS-based ride-sharing and DRT in Tehran city[J].Public Transport,2016,8(2):1-18.
[7] RAVIV T,KOLKA O.Optimal inventory management of a bike-sharing station[J].Iie Transactions,2013,45(10):1077-1093.
[8] BENCHIMOL M,BENCHIMOL P,CHAPPERT B.Balancing the stations of a self service"bike hire"system[J].RAIRO-Operations Research,2011,45(1):37-61.
[9] CHEMLA D,MEUNIER F,CALVO R W.Bike sharing systems-solving the static rebalancing problem[J].Discrete Optimization,2013,10(2):120-146.
[10] GRANOT D,YIN S.Price and order postponement in a decentralized newsvendor model with multiplicative and price-dependent demand[J].Operations Research,2008,56(1):121-139.
[2] SCHUIJBROEK J,HAMPSHIRE R C,HOEVE W J V.Inventory rebalancing and vehicle routing in bike sharing systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2016,257(3):992-1004.
[3] FRICKER C,GAST N,MOHAMED H.Mean field analysis for inhomogeneous bike sharing systems[J].Intern Meeting on Probabilistic,2012.
[4] LIN J R,YANG T H,CHANG Y C.A hub location inventory model for bicycle sharing system designFormulation and solution[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2013,65(1):77-86.
[5] FRADE I,RIBEIRO A.Bike-sharing stations a maximal covering location approach[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2015(82):216-227.
[6] FAROQI H,SADEGHI-NIARAKI A.GIS-based ride-sharing and DRT in Tehran city[J].Public Transport,2016,8(2):1-18.
[7] RAVIV T,KOLKA O.Optimal inventory management of a bike-sharing station[J].Iie Transactions,2013,45(10):1077-1093.
[8] BENCHIMOL M,BENCHIMOL P,CHAPPERT B.Balancing the stations of a self service"bike hire"system[J].RAIRO-Operations Research,2011,45(1):37-61.
[9] CHEMLA D,MEUNIER F,CALVO R W.Bike sharing systems-solving the static rebalancing problem[J].Discrete Optimization,2013,10(2):120-146.
[10] GRANOT D,YIN S.Price and order postponement in a decentralized newsvendor model with multiplicative and price-dependent demand[J].Operations Research,2008,56(1):121-139.