甘蔗梢对鹅饲用价值及其饲喂效果
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摘要
本试验旨在测定甘蔗梢营养成分,探索甘蔗梢对鹅代谢试验的适宜条件及其对鹅饲用价值。试验1:首先通过概略养分分析法分析甘蔗梢营养成分。然后选取健康、体重相近的18周龄成年雄性马冈鹅48只,随机分成6组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鹅,通过代谢预试验将甘蔗梢与玉米淀粉按6个比例(0∶100、15∶85、30∶70、45∶55、60∶40和75∶25)混合均匀配制成6种试验饲粮,测定各组甘蔗梢代谢能,分析结果显示当试验饲粮中甘蔗梢含量为55%时,鹅对甘蔗梢的能量利用率最高。随后代谢正式试验(选取马冈鹅32只,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鹅)采用55%甘蔗梢+45%玉米淀粉配制试验饲粮,试验分为1个空腹对照组,3个试验组,控制禁食-收粪时间分别为48 h+48 h、24 h+24 h、36 h+36 h、48+48 h。试验2:选用900只1日龄马冈鹅,用单因子试验设计,随机分成6组,每个组6个重复,每个重复25只鹅。各组分别饲喂含甘蔗梢0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的饲粮,且各组饲粮营养水平一致,试验期21 d。代谢试验结果表明:甘蔗梢是一种粗纤维含量为33.71%的粗饲料,强饲法测定能值时,鹅在24 h内难以彻底排空,导致所测代谢能偏高,建议采用禁食-收粪时间为36 h+36 h,此时测得鹅对甘蔗梢表观代谢能和能量表观利用率分别为6.84 MJ/kg和41.09%,真代谢能和能量真利用率分别为7.70 MJ/kg和46.21%。饲养试验结果表明:各组之间的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05),各组之间的器官指数差异不显著(P>0.05),各组之间的肠道相对长度差异和肠道相对重量(除十二指肠相对重量)差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,甘蔗梢是一种粗纤维含量较高的粗饲料,在鹅饲粮中使用10%以内甘蔗梢对1～21日龄马冈鹅的生长性能、免疫器官以及胃肠道发育无显著影响。
This experiment was conducted to discuss the nutrients composition of sugarcane tops( ST),the optimal conditions of ST on geese metabolism test and the research on the feeding value of geese. Experiment 1:firstly,the nutrient composition of ST was analyzed by proximate analysis. Then,forty eight 18-week-old healthy male Magang geese with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate,in a pre-experiment,six groups of test diets were prepared by mixing ST with corn-starch at the ratios of 0∶100,15∶85,30∶70,45∶55,60∶40,75∶25,respectively,and the metabolic energy of sugarcane tops in each group was measured. The analysis showed that the energy utilization rate of the geese got the highest when ST content in the test diet was 55%. Secondly,55% ST +45% corn starch was used to prepare the test diet in the formal experiment. The metabolic experiment( 32 Magang geese were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate) was allotted to 1 fasting control group and 3 experimental groups: the control fasting-collecting time was 48 h+48 h,24 h+24 h,36 h+36 h and 48+48 h,respectively. Experiment 2: a total of 900 one-day-old Magang geese were selected and randomly allotted to 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 25 geese per replicate. Each group was fed diets containing0,2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% of ST,respectively,and the dietary nutritional levels of each group were consistent,the experiment lasted for 21 days. The metabolism experiment results showed that the ST was a roughage with a crude fiber content of 33.71%. When the metabolizable energy was measured by force-feeding,the geese were difficult to completely empty within 24 h,resulting in a high metabolizable energy. It was recommended that the fasting-collecting time was 36 h+36 h,and the apparent metabolizable energy and apparent energy digestibility of ST for geese were 6.84 MJ/kg and 41.09%,respectively; and the true metabolic energy and true energy digestibility were 7. 70 MJ/kg and 46. 21%,respectively. The feeding experiment results showed that there were no significant differences in average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio among all groups( P>0.05),there were no significant differences in organ indexes among all groups( P>0.05),and there were no significant differences in intestinal relative length and intestinal relative weight( except duodenum relative weigh) among all groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,ST is a kind of roughage with high crude fiber content,the use of ST within 10% of diet for geese has no significant effects on the growth performance,immune organs and gastrointestinal tract development of Magang geese aged from 1 to 21 days.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3346-3355]
This experiment was conducted to discuss the nutrients composition of sugarcane tops( ST),the optimal conditions of ST on geese metabolism test and the research on the feeding value of geese. Experiment 1:firstly,the nutrient composition of ST was analyzed by proximate analysis. Then,forty eight 18-week-old healthy male Magang geese with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate,in a pre-experiment,six groups of test diets were prepared by mixing ST with corn-starch at the ratios of 0∶100,15∶85,30∶70,45∶55,60∶40,75∶25,respectively,and the metabolic energy of sugarcane tops in each group was measured. The analysis showed that the energy utilization rate of the geese got the highest when ST content in the test diet was 55%. Secondly,55% ST +45% corn starch was used to prepare the test diet in the formal experiment. The metabolic experiment( 32 Magang geese were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate) was allotted to 1 fasting control group and 3 experimental groups: the control fasting-collecting time was 48 h+48 h,24 h+24 h,36 h+36 h and 48+48 h,respectively. Experiment 2: a total of 900 one-day-old Magang geese were selected and randomly allotted to 6 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 25 geese per replicate. Each group was fed diets containing0,2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% of ST,respectively,and the dietary nutritional levels of each group were consistent,the experiment lasted for 21 days. The metabolism experiment results showed that the ST was a roughage with a crude fiber content of 33.71%. When the metabolizable energy was measured by force-feeding,the geese were difficult to completely empty within 24 h,resulting in a high metabolizable energy. It was recommended that the fasting-collecting time was 36 h+36 h,and the apparent metabolizable energy and apparent energy digestibility of ST for geese were 6.84 MJ/kg and 41.09%,respectively; and the true metabolic energy and true energy digestibility were 7. 70 MJ/kg and 46. 21%,respectively. The feeding experiment results showed that there were no significant differences in average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio among all groups( P>0.05),there were no significant differences in organ indexes among all groups( P>0.05),and there were no significant differences in intestinal relative length and intestinal relative weight( except duodenum relative weigh) among all groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,ST is a kind of roughage with high crude fiber content,the use of ST within 10% of diet for geese has no significant effects on the growth performance,immune organs and gastrointestinal tract development of Magang geese aged from 1 to 21 days.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3346-3355]
引文
[1]蚁细苗,农皓,谭文兴,等.甘蔗梢(叶)收集处理现状及对策[J].大众科技,2014,16(12):104-105.
[2]蚁细苗,谭文兴,钟映萍,等.利用甘蔗梢(叶)作牛饲料[J].甘蔗糖业,2013(2):43-46.
[3] GRADIZ L,SUGIMOTO A,UJIHARA K,et al.Beef cow-calf production system integrated with sugarcane production:simulation model development and application in Japan[J]. Agricultural Systems,2007,94(3):750-762.
[4] RIBEIRO R C O,VILLELA S D J,FILHO S C V,et al.Effects of roughage sources produced in a tropical environment on forage intake,and ruminal and microbial parameters[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(5):2363-2374.
[5]王文庶,孟跃云,张德杏,等.青贮甘蔗稍饲喂肉牛效果试验[J].中国畜禽种业,2009(5):146-148.
[6]张春喜.浅谈甘蔗稍青贮、氨化喂牛羊的实用技术[J].中国畜禽种业,2015,11(1):86-87.
[7]高为民,卢玉文.稻草栽培平菇与养鹅结合技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(21):58-59.
[8]王志跃,盛东峰,范刚,等.强饲法测定鹅饲料代谢能适宜条件的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,25(4):51-55.
[9]呙于明.家禽营养[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016:225-431.
[10]王世琴,张乃锋,邓凯东,等.甘蔗梢对肉羊的饲用价值评定[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1146-1154.
[11]高雨飞,黎力之,欧阳克蕙,等.甘蔗梢作为饲料资源的开发与利用[J].饲料广角,2014(21):44-45.
[12]肖祎,吕达,陈政,等.甘蔗梢研究进展[J].中国糖料,2013(1):65-67.
[13]熊本海.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)中国饲料数据库[J].畜禽业,2018,29(1):72-81.
[14]王全,李术娜,李红亚,等.发酵玉米秸秆粉饲料的研制及其对肉鹅生长性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(3):44-48.
[15]李术娜,王全,徐丽娜,等.发酵花生秧粉粗饲料的研制及其在肉鸭养殖中的应用[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):40-44.
[16]王增煌,王文策,翟双双,等.香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1283-1293.
[17]左鑫,陈哲,谢强,等.不同产地构树叶粉和构树枝叶粉营养成分及其鹅代谢能的测定[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2823-2830.
[18]顾丽红,张亚格,李茂,等.鹅对五种作物副产物的表观代谢能和真代谢能测定[J].中国家禽,2017,39(15):59-60.
[19]周雄,周璐丽,王定发,等.日粮中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代不同比例王草对海南黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1443-1448.
[20]黎庶凯,黄世洋,罗荣太,等.甘蔗秸秆饲喂山羊试验观察[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(3):44-46.
[21]王子玉,王若丞,朱翱翔,等.不同处理青贮甘蔗梢的品质评价及其在妊娠山羊的饲喂效果[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(3):336-341.
[22]王宝维,王巧莉,范永存,等.青贮玉米秸秆对鹅纤维及Ca、P表观消化率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(2):483-486.
[23] TIMMLER R,JEROCH H.Influence of mixed feed rations with graduated portions dried grass meal on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of young fattening geese[J]. Archiv für Geflügelkunde,1997,61(6):274-279.
[24]颜怡超.辣木果荚对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2018:27-29.
[25]姚佳.木薯渣对四川白鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2015:40-42.
[26]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2016:31-32.
[27]李新莹,陈莹.甘蔗梢粗黄酮中黄酮成分的纯化工艺优化研究[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(2):56-61.
[28] LU J,KONG X L,WANG Z Y,et al. Influence of whole corn feeding on the performance,digestive tract development,and nutrient retention of geese[J]. Poultry Science,2011,90(3):587-594.
[29] YANG H M,WANG Z Y,WANG J,et al.Effects of caecectomy on digestibility of crude protein,calcium,phosphorus,neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in geese[J].Archiv Für Geflügelkunde,2009,73(3):189-192.
[2]蚁细苗,谭文兴,钟映萍,等.利用甘蔗梢(叶)作牛饲料[J].甘蔗糖业,2013(2):43-46.
[3] GRADIZ L,SUGIMOTO A,UJIHARA K,et al.Beef cow-calf production system integrated with sugarcane production:simulation model development and application in Japan[J]. Agricultural Systems,2007,94(3):750-762.
[4] RIBEIRO R C O,VILLELA S D J,FILHO S C V,et al.Effects of roughage sources produced in a tropical environment on forage intake,and ruminal and microbial parameters[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(5):2363-2374.
[5]王文庶,孟跃云,张德杏,等.青贮甘蔗稍饲喂肉牛效果试验[J].中国畜禽种业,2009(5):146-148.
[6]张春喜.浅谈甘蔗稍青贮、氨化喂牛羊的实用技术[J].中国畜禽种业,2015,11(1):86-87.
[7]高为民,卢玉文.稻草栽培平菇与养鹅结合技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(21):58-59.
[8]王志跃,盛东峰,范刚,等.强饲法测定鹅饲料代谢能适宜条件的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,25(4):51-55.
[9]呙于明.家禽营养[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016:225-431.
[10]王世琴,张乃锋,邓凯东,等.甘蔗梢对肉羊的饲用价值评定[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1146-1154.
[11]高雨飞,黎力之,欧阳克蕙,等.甘蔗梢作为饲料资源的开发与利用[J].饲料广角,2014(21):44-45.
[12]肖祎,吕达,陈政,等.甘蔗梢研究进展[J].中国糖料,2013(1):65-67.
[13]熊本海.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)中国饲料数据库[J].畜禽业,2018,29(1):72-81.
[14]王全,李术娜,李红亚,等.发酵玉米秸秆粉饲料的研制及其对肉鹅生长性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(3):44-48.
[15]李术娜,王全,徐丽娜,等.发酵花生秧粉粗饲料的研制及其在肉鸭养殖中的应用[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):40-44.
[16]王增煌,王文策,翟双双,等.香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1283-1293.
[17]左鑫,陈哲,谢强,等.不同产地构树叶粉和构树枝叶粉营养成分及其鹅代谢能的测定[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2823-2830.
[18]顾丽红,张亚格,李茂,等.鹅对五种作物副产物的表观代谢能和真代谢能测定[J].中国家禽,2017,39(15):59-60.
[19]周雄,周璐丽,王定发,等.日粮中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代不同比例王草对海南黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1443-1448.
[20]黎庶凯,黄世洋,罗荣太,等.甘蔗秸秆饲喂山羊试验观察[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(3):44-46.
[21]王子玉,王若丞,朱翱翔,等.不同处理青贮甘蔗梢的品质评价及其在妊娠山羊的饲喂效果[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(3):336-341.
[22]王宝维,王巧莉,范永存,等.青贮玉米秸秆对鹅纤维及Ca、P表观消化率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(2):483-486.
[23] TIMMLER R,JEROCH H.Influence of mixed feed rations with graduated portions dried grass meal on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of young fattening geese[J]. Archiv für Geflügelkunde,1997,61(6):274-279.
[24]颜怡超.辣木果荚对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2018:27-29.
[25]姚佳.木薯渣对四川白鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2015:40-42.
[26]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2016:31-32.
[27]李新莹,陈莹.甘蔗梢粗黄酮中黄酮成分的纯化工艺优化研究[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(2):56-61.
[28] LU J,KONG X L,WANG Z Y,et al. Influence of whole corn feeding on the performance,digestive tract development,and nutrient retention of geese[J]. Poultry Science,2011,90(3):587-594.
[29] YANG H M,WANG Z Y,WANG J,et al.Effects of caecectomy on digestibility of crude protein,calcium,phosphorus,neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in geese[J].Archiv Für Geflügelkunde,2009,73(3):189-192.