特征与启示:美国学生篮球运动员培养体系
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摘要
运用文献资料法、比较法等,分析美国学生篮球运动员培养体系的主要特征,体现为:"金字塔"式的培养体系结构、学训结合的分层分级竞赛制度、周期性的科学基础训练模式、细致合理的运动员文化学习管理规制、无缝对接的学习与职业过渡机制、较为完善的组织保障体系。通过对我国学生篮球运动员培养的现实检视,发现存在以下问题:体教结合不充分、竞赛与人才培养衔接不紧密、基于学习与训练的理论与实践融合不足、体制机制不完善。借鉴美国经验、结合我国国情,对我国学生篮球运动员培养体系建设进行理路重构,得出启示:打造融合学训赛的培养结构体系,形成衔接的运动员培养过程体系,建立协同的多层级运动员治理机制,以及明确并充分发挥培养体系中各参与者的职责与作用。
By using the methods of literature reviewand comparison,this paper analyzes the main characteristics of the cultivation system of American student basketball players,which is embodied in the"pyramid"type of cultivation system,the hierarchical competition system combining learning with training,the periodic scientific basic training mode,and the meticulous and reasonable athletes' culture learning management regulation,seamless docking of learning and career transition mechanism,a more comprehensive organizational security system. By examining the reality of the cultivation of student basketball players in China,we find the following problems: insufficient combination of sports and education,inconsistent connection between competition and talent cultivation,insufficient integration of theory and practice based on learning and training,and imperfect system and mechanism. Based on the experience of the United States and China's national conditions,this paper reconstructs the cultivation system of Chinese student basketball players,and puts forward some enlightenment: We should build a cultivation system that integrates learning,training and competitions,form a connecting system of athletes' training process,establish a coordinated multi-level athletes' governance mechanism,and clarify and give full play to the responsibilities and roles of the participants in the cultivation system.
By using the methods of literature reviewand comparison,this paper analyzes the main characteristics of the cultivation system of American student basketball players,which is embodied in the"pyramid"type of cultivation system,the hierarchical competition system combining learning with training,the periodic scientific basic training mode,and the meticulous and reasonable athletes' culture learning management regulation,seamless docking of learning and career transition mechanism,a more comprehensive organizational security system. By examining the reality of the cultivation of student basketball players in China,we find the following problems: insufficient combination of sports and education,inconsistent connection between competition and talent cultivation,insufficient integration of theory and practice based on learning and training,and imperfect system and mechanism. Based on the experience of the United States and China's national conditions,this paper reconstructs the cultivation system of Chinese student basketball players,and puts forward some enlightenment: We should build a cultivation system that integrates learning,training and competitions,form a connecting system of athletes' training process,establish a coordinated multi-level athletes' governance mechanism,and clarify and give full play to the responsibilities and roles of the participants in the cultivation system.
引文
[1]曹杰,王凯珍,郑晓鸿.美国中小学体育后备人才的培养过程[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(1):6-10.
[2]Smith R A. Pay for play:A history of big-time college athletic reform[M]. Champaign:University of Illinois Press,2011.
[3]Duderstadt J J. Intercollegiate athletics and the American university[M]. Michigan:University of Michigan Press,2003.
[4]池建.美国大学竞技体育管理[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005:27.
[5]孟号翔,马德浩,孟献峰.我国竞技体育竞赛体制的弊端表现、致因及其改革策略[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2016,35(5):115-118.
[6]高捷.中国竞技游泳赛制改革的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2006:51-58.
[7]纪超香.全人教育理念下运动员文化教育体系重构[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2016,30(6):84-89.
[8]李少丹.运动竞赛学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:131.
[9]彭国强,舒盛芳,经训成.回顾与思考:美国竞技体育成长因素及其特征[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(5):28-36.
[2]Smith R A. Pay for play:A history of big-time college athletic reform[M]. Champaign:University of Illinois Press,2011.
[3]Duderstadt J J. Intercollegiate athletics and the American university[M]. Michigan:University of Michigan Press,2003.
[4]池建.美国大学竞技体育管理[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005:27.
[5]孟号翔,马德浩,孟献峰.我国竞技体育竞赛体制的弊端表现、致因及其改革策略[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2016,35(5):115-118.
[6]高捷.中国竞技游泳赛制改革的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2006:51-58.
[7]纪超香.全人教育理念下运动员文化教育体系重构[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2016,30(6):84-89.
[8]李少丹.运动竞赛学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:131.
[9]彭国强,舒盛芳,经训成.回顾与思考:美国竞技体育成长因素及其特征[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(5):28-36.