不同pH条件下有色冶炼厂周边道路尘及土壤中重金属释放特征
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摘要
以大冶有色冶炼厂为中心,对其周边土壤和道路尘样品中的6种重金属Cu,Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn,Fe的含量进行测定,并探讨pH对道路尘及土壤中重金属释放的影响,以评估其释放特性。结果表明,样品中重金属含量从高到低为:Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd(道路尘),Fe>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cd(土壤)。与土壤中的重金属浓度背景值相比,样品中重金属浓度明显偏高,表明冶炼厂附近重金属的污染比较严重。重金属在空间上分布均一,且各元素之间具有较强的相关性,说明其来源相似,均由金属冶炼等活动导致。重金属在酸性条件下的释放量远大于在中性及碱性条件下的释放量,约为9~10倍。随着释放时间的增加,重金属释放量先上升后下降,最后趋于稳定。
The samples of soil and road dust were collected around Daye Nonferrous Smeltery. The contents of Cu,Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn and Fe were measured to investigate the effects of different pH on the release of heavy metals in road dust and soil,and to indicate the release characteristics of heavy metals around non-ferrous smelters. The results showed that the order of heavy metal contents in road dust and soil were Fe > Cu > Zn >Pb > Cr > Cd > and Fe > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cd,respectively. Compared with the background values of soil,the contents of these heavy metals were obviously higher,indicating that the pollution of heavy metals near the smelter was more serious. The spatial distribution of heavy metal elements was relatively small and generally distributed homogeneously,showed strong correlation between the elements,indicating that the sources of pollution may be similar mainly due to metal smelting and other activities; Heavy metals released in the acid conditions: were much greater than in the alkaline conditions about 9 to 10 times. With the extension of release time,the amount of metal released first showed an upward trend and then declined to the last level.
The samples of soil and road dust were collected around Daye Nonferrous Smeltery. The contents of Cu,Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn and Fe were measured to investigate the effects of different pH on the release of heavy metals in road dust and soil,and to indicate the release characteristics of heavy metals around non-ferrous smelters. The results showed that the order of heavy metal contents in road dust and soil were Fe > Cu > Zn >Pb > Cr > Cd > and Fe > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cd,respectively. Compared with the background values of soil,the contents of these heavy metals were obviously higher,indicating that the pollution of heavy metals near the smelter was more serious. The spatial distribution of heavy metal elements was relatively small and generally distributed homogeneously,showed strong correlation between the elements,indicating that the sources of pollution may be similar mainly due to metal smelting and other activities; Heavy metals released in the acid conditions: were much greater than in the alkaline conditions about 9 to 10 times. With the extension of release time,the amount of metal released first showed an upward trend and then declined to the last level.
引文
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[2]凌其聪,严森,鲍征宇.大型冶炼厂重金属环境污染特征及其生态效应[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(5):603-608.
[3]Liao GL,Li QM.Heavy metals contamination characteristics in soil of different mining activity zones[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18(1):207-211.
[4]Cui S,Zhou QX,Chao L.Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery,northeast China[J].Environmental Geology,2007,51(6):1043-1048.
[5]Dou Y,Li J,Zhao J,et al.Distribution,enrichment and source of heavy metals in surface sediments of the eastern Beibu Bay,South China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,67(1-2):137-145.
[6]张杰,陈熙,刘倩纯,等.鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1):95-100.
[7]李章平,陈玉成,杨学春,等.重庆市主城区街道地表物中重金属的污染特征[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):114-116.
[8]Condron LM,Goh KM.Effects of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications on amounts and forms of phosphorus in soils under irrigated pasture in New Zealand[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,40(2):383-395.
[9]王进.人体口腔上呼吸道系统的气流和粉末颗粒沉积的数值模拟研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012.
[10]黄顺生,华明,金洋,等.南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):161-166.
[11]李晓燕,陈同斌,雷梅,等.北京城市广场及校园表土(灰尘)中重金属水平与健康风险[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):989-996.
[12]崔玉静,张旭红,朱永官.体外模拟法在土壤-人途径重金属污染的健康风险评价中的应用[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(9):672-674.
[13]陈秀端,卢新卫.西安城市居民区土壤重金属健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):961-968.
[14]徐玉霞,汪庆华,薛雷,等.关中西部某铅锌冶炼区表层土壤重金属污染的分布规律[J].土壤通报,2013(5):1240-1244.
[15]许大毛,张家泉,占长林,等.有色金属冶炼厂周边地表水和农业土壤中重金属污染特征与评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(11):2305-2314.
[16]张丽,袁攀,王浩泉,等.有色冶炼厂周边地表灰尘中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].湖北理工学院学报,2016,32(4):11-16.
[17]Kose T,Ymamoto T,Anegawa A,et al.Source analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in road dust and urban runoff using marker compounds[J].Desalination,2008,226(1):151-159.
[18]秦丽,祖艳群,李元,等.会泽铅锌矿渣堆周边7种野生植物重金属含量及累积特征研究[J]农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1558-1563.
[19]江敏,阮慧慧,梅卫平.滴水湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及主成分分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):151-156.
[20]刘永革,宋秀勤,张莉.鼻腔p H值的测定[J].中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2001,9(2):84-85.
[21]袁春龙,李华,张予林,等.葡萄籽超微粉在模拟人体肠胃环境中的吸收状况[J].中国食品学报,2011,11(1):14-19.
[22]夏德敏,江浩,江慎华,等.诃子有效部位在体外模拟体内消化道环境抗氧化活性变化[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(17):326-331.
[23]王晓军,王静,张力,等.重组人乳铁蛋白在体外模拟胃肠环境中稳定性研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(11):992-994.
[24]Madureira AR,Amorim M,Gomes AM,et al.Protective effect of whey cheese matrix on probiotic strains exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions[J].Food Research International,2011,44(1):465-470.
[25]魏复盛,陈静生.中国土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991(4):12-19.