金柑新品种‘脆蜜金柑’的选育
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摘要
‘脆蜜金柑’是2007年从‘滑皮金柑’果园发现的芽变单株选育而成的新品种。该品种椭圆形,果皮颜色金黄色至橙红色,果皮光滑,果皮油胞极少。果肉黄白色,质地爽脆,味浓甜,无刺鼻辛辣味,果汁多,少核或无核,平均单果质量20.5 g,最大单果质量35.6 g,果形指数1.1;出汁率56.9%,可食率99.33%,可溶性固形物含量(ω,后同)23.65%,总糖含量16.46%,可滴定酸含量0.18%,糖酸比91.4,维生素C含量(ω)445 mg·kg~(-1),品质上等;果实生育期160~180 d,在广西融安县(北纬24°46′~25°34′,东经109°13′~109°47′),4月上旬萌芽,花期6月上旬至7月上旬,成熟期11月下旬至12月中旬;耐旱,耐寒,耐瘠;抗柑橘溃疡病、衰退病和黄龙病。常温下可保存90 d,冷藏可保存180 d。适应于金柑种植区域栽培。第2年开花结果,早结丰产。
'Cuimi Kumquat'is a new cultivar which selected from the individual plant of bud mutation of 'Huapi Kumquat'(F.crassifiolia) in 2007 at the orchard.It was initially selected in 2007 for its large fruit,less pulp oil cell,sweet taste,more juice,and few seeds or seedless.Through from the individual plant ofbud mutation of'Huapi Kumquat'collected scion,grafting was reproduced planting stock.After regionaladaptability testing at three sites,including Heli village,Rongan county,Forestry Bureau Nursery Fieldand Datan village,Liuzhou city over six years from 2008 to 2013,it was finally selected in 2014.This spe-cies is a dwarfing tree,attaining a height of 3-5 m.The tree is vigorous with globe shaped crown and uprighttree gesture.Branches are long.Leaves are obovate,blunt tip,4.5-9.5 cm long,2.5-6.5 cm wide,leaf mar-gin entire.Flower is white,5.6-6.9 mm across,pedicel no villous.Branches of young tree are born 5 times ayear,adult tree are born 3 times a year.Fruit branches are spring shoots,late spring shoots and summershoots.The fruit shape is the oval,skin color golden yellow to orange red,skin smooth,very few oil cell,pulp yellow white color,texture crisp,taste sweet,no spicy taste,more juice,few seeds or seedless,weight20.5 g on average,the largest 35.6 g,fruit shape index of 1.1.Juice rate of 56.9%,edible rate of 99.33%,ta-tol soluble solids content of 23.65%,total sugar of 16.46%,titratable acid of 0.18%,sugar-acid ratio of91.4,vitamin C of 445 mg·kg~(-1) et al.Quality is excellent.The fruit development period is 160 days to 180 days,and it matures at the late November to the middle December,germination period in early April,flower-ing period in early June to early July on Rong'an county in Guangxi province(north latitude 24°46' to 25°34',east longitude 109°13' to 109°47').It is resistance to drought,hardy and desert,etc.And resistance to Citrus canker disease,Citrus decline disease and Huanglong disease,etc.The fruit has very long storage-life,cold storage life is 6 months and shelf life is over 90 days.Suitable cultivation area is the kumquat cultiva-tion area.This variety can bear fruits next year after planted,has high yield potential.Orchard shouldchoose red soil which is slope,or flat,and has ability of moisture and fertilizer retention.Spacing betweenrows are 3 m×4 m.When spring shoots turn green,based on the degree of strong and weak of tree vigor,treetrunk ring cut 1-2 times,each time 1-2 laps.Flowering sprayed BA+GA 800 times at a time.In early No-vember,canopy covers film,in order to prevent the dehiscent fruit,or fruit drop,and delayed harvest.
'Cuimi Kumquat'is a new cultivar which selected from the individual plant of bud mutation of 'Huapi Kumquat'(F.crassifiolia) in 2007 at the orchard.It was initially selected in 2007 for its large fruit,less pulp oil cell,sweet taste,more juice,and few seeds or seedless.Through from the individual plant ofbud mutation of'Huapi Kumquat'collected scion,grafting was reproduced planting stock.After regionaladaptability testing at three sites,including Heli village,Rongan county,Forestry Bureau Nursery Fieldand Datan village,Liuzhou city over six years from 2008 to 2013,it was finally selected in 2014.This spe-cies is a dwarfing tree,attaining a height of 3-5 m.The tree is vigorous with globe shaped crown and uprighttree gesture.Branches are long.Leaves are obovate,blunt tip,4.5-9.5 cm long,2.5-6.5 cm wide,leaf mar-gin entire.Flower is white,5.6-6.9 mm across,pedicel no villous.Branches of young tree are born 5 times ayear,adult tree are born 3 times a year.Fruit branches are spring shoots,late spring shoots and summershoots.The fruit shape is the oval,skin color golden yellow to orange red,skin smooth,very few oil cell,pulp yellow white color,texture crisp,taste sweet,no spicy taste,more juice,few seeds or seedless,weight20.5 g on average,the largest 35.6 g,fruit shape index of 1.1.Juice rate of 56.9%,edible rate of 99.33%,ta-tol soluble solids content of 23.65%,total sugar of 16.46%,titratable acid of 0.18%,sugar-acid ratio of91.4,vitamin C of 445 mg·kg~(-1) et al.Quality is excellent.The fruit development period is 160 days to 180 days,and it matures at the late November to the middle December,germination period in early April,flower-ing period in early June to early July on Rong'an county in Guangxi province(north latitude 24°46' to 25°34',east longitude 109°13' to 109°47').It is resistance to drought,hardy and desert,etc.And resistance to Citrus canker disease,Citrus decline disease and Huanglong disease,etc.The fruit has very long storage-life,cold storage life is 6 months and shelf life is over 90 days.Suitable cultivation area is the kumquat cultiva-tion area.This variety can bear fruits next year after planted,has high yield potential.Orchard shouldchoose red soil which is slope,or flat,and has ability of moisture and fertilizer retention.Spacing betweenrows are 3 m×4 m.When spring shoots turn green,based on the degree of strong and weak of tree vigor,treetrunk ring cut 1-2 times,each time 1-2 laps.Flowering sprayed BA+GA 800 times at a time.In early No-vember,canopy covers film,in order to prevent the dehiscent fruit,or fruit drop,and delayed harvest.
引文
[1]邓崇岭,邓光宙,邓秀新,刘冰浩,唐艳,陈传武,邓俭友.晚熟金柑新品种‘桂金柑2号’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(10):1357-1360.DENG Chongling,DENG Guangzhou,DENG Xiuxin,LIU Binghao,TANG Yan,CHEN Chuanwu,DENG Jianyou.Breeding report of a new late ripening kumquat cultivar‘Guijingan No.2’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2017,34(10):1357-1360.
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[4]韦锋,杨胜和,熊莉,龙柳珍.融安金柑生产现状及发展对策[J].广西园艺,2006,17(5):11-12.WEI Feng,YANG Shenghe,XIONG Li,LONG Liuzhen.The present situation and development countermeasure of production Rongan kumquat[J].Guangxi Horticulture,2006,17(5):11-12.
[5]凤鸿强.融安县金橘产业化发展思路[J].现代园艺,2012,23(1):9-10.FENG Hongqang.Thought of development for kumquat industrialization of Rongan[J].Modern Horticulture,2012,23(1):9-10.
[2]李忠海,白婕,黎继烈,钟海雁.HS-SPME/GC-MS法分析三种金橘中的挥发油成分[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(9):153-156.LI Zhonghai,BAI Jie,LI Jilie,ZHONG Haiyan.Analysis of volatile components of three kumquat species by HS-SPME/GC-MS[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2009,24(9):153-156.
[3]刘启勋.金柑中的营养成分[J].食品与发酵工业,1990,5(14):72-75.LIU Qixun.Nutritional components of kumquat[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,1990,5(14):72-75.
[4]韦锋,杨胜和,熊莉,龙柳珍.融安金柑生产现状及发展对策[J].广西园艺,2006,17(5):11-12.WEI Feng,YANG Shenghe,XIONG Li,LONG Liuzhen.The present situation and development countermeasure of production Rongan kumquat[J].Guangxi Horticulture,2006,17(5):11-12.
[5]凤鸿强.融安县金橘产业化发展思路[J].现代园艺,2012,23(1):9-10.FENG Hongqang.Thought of development for kumquat industrialization of Rongan[J].Modern Horticulture,2012,23(1):9-10.