广州市老年人使用空气调节设备状况及对健康影响调查
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摘要
老人的健康与建筑室内环境存在重要联系,为了给适老建筑的暖通系统优化设计提供理论依据,有必要探究室内空气调节设备与老人健康的关系。对广州市104位本地老年人进行了问卷调查,收集了老年人的基本健康信息和家庭使用空气调节设备的情况,包括制冷、除湿、采暖和空气净化4种设备及其使用时长,使用习惯。收集到的信息用SPSS20.0进行了统计分析。结果包括广州市老年人家中四种设备拥有率、设备平均使用龄、设备使用时间以及常见日均使用时长;所调查的老年人健康比例达到55.8%。患病老人中心血管疾病的比例最高,其余为风湿性疾病和关节炎等疾病。相关性分析表明,广州地区夏天家庭采取制冷措施的老人患病可能性更小;制冷设备常见日均使用时长与身处空调区域时长的比值越大,老人患病的可能性越小。
There is an important relationship between the health of the elderly and the indoor environments of buildings. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of HVAC systems to accommodate the elderly, it is necessary to explore the relationship between indoor air conditioning equipment and the health of the elderly. Questionnaires were sent out to 104 local elders in Guangzhou to collect basic information on their health and the usage of air conditioning equipment for air cooling, dehumidifying, heating and purifying in their homes.The statistics collected were analyzed with the aid of SPSS20.0. Results include the percentages of elderly people in Guangzhou that own equipment, the average service years of the four kinds of equipment used and the average daily running hours of these four kinds of equipment. Among the respondents, 55.8% of them reported to be healthy, and among the unhealthy respondents, a great proportion of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases,with the remaining having rheumatic diseases, arthritis and other diseases. The correlation analysis shows that the risk of elderly suffering from a disease is low if their family takes measures to reduce the indoor temperature of their homes in summer, and the longer the running hours of their air cooling equipment and the longer the hours that elderly people stay in air-conditioned areas, the lower the risk.
There is an important relationship between the health of the elderly and the indoor environments of buildings. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of HVAC systems to accommodate the elderly, it is necessary to explore the relationship between indoor air conditioning equipment and the health of the elderly. Questionnaires were sent out to 104 local elders in Guangzhou to collect basic information on their health and the usage of air conditioning equipment for air cooling, dehumidifying, heating and purifying in their homes.The statistics collected were analyzed with the aid of SPSS20.0. Results include the percentages of elderly people in Guangzhou that own equipment, the average service years of the four kinds of equipment used and the average daily running hours of these four kinds of equipment. Among the respondents, 55.8% of them reported to be healthy, and among the unhealthy respondents, a great proportion of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases,with the remaining having rheumatic diseases, arthritis and other diseases. The correlation analysis shows that the risk of elderly suffering from a disease is low if their family takes measures to reduce the indoor temperature of their homes in summer, and the longer the running hours of their air cooling equipment and the longer the hours that elderly people stay in air-conditioned areas, the lower the risk.
引文
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[2]Ou ChunQuan,Song YunFeng,Yang Jun.Excess Winter Mortality and Cold Temperatures in a Subtropical City,Guangzhou,China[J].PLOS ONE,2013,8(10):1-10.
[3]Gu Shaohua,Huang Cunrui,Bai Li,et al.Heatrelated illness in China,summer of 2013[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2016,60(1):131-137.
[4]Yang Jun,Yin Peng,Zhou Maigeng,et al.The effect of ambient temperature on diabetes mortality in China:Amulti-city time series study[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,543:75-82.
[5]Zhou Maigeng,Wang Li Jun,Liu Tao,et al.Health impact of the 2008 cold spell on mortality in subtropical China:the climate and health impact national assessment study(CHINAs)[J].Environmental Health,2014,13(60):1-13.
[6]Ou ChunQuan,Yang Jun.Daily temperature and mortality:a study of distributed lag non-linear effect and effect modification in Guangzhou[J].Environmental Health,2016,11(63):1-9.
[7]张东,汪瑛,冯业荣,等.广东“回南天”现象分析及其预报[J].气象科技,2014,42(2):301-308.
[8]Bornehag C.G,Sundell J,Bonini S,et al.Dampness in buildings and health nordic interdisciplinary review of the scientific evidence on associations between exposure to"dampness"in buildings and health effects(NORDDAMP)[J].INDOOR AIR,2001,11(2):72-86.
[9]何春红,谭妃英,谢小鸣,等.广州市越秀区126例老年人膝关节骨性关节炎患病危险因素:与121例老年组的病例-对照分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,13(33):6581-6583.
[10]Lin Hualiang,Tao Jun,Du Yaodong,et al.Particle size and chemical constituents of ambient particulate pollution associated with cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,208(1):758-766.
[11]Yoon H.I,Hong Y.C,Cho S.H.,et al.Exposure to volatile organic compounds and loss of pulmonary function in the elderly[J].European Respiratory Journal,2010,36(3):1270-1276.
[12]Wang Xin Hua,Bi Xin Hui,Sheng GuoYing,et al.Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 and PM2.5 Aerosols in Guangzhou,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,119(1-3):425-439.
[13]Feng Yan Li,Wen Sheng,Chen YingJun,et al.Ambient levels of carbonyl compounds and their sources in Guangzhou,China,Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(10):1789-1800.
[14]殷文军,彭晓武,宋世震,等.广州市空气污染与城区居民心脑血管疾病死亡的时间序列分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(6):521-525.
[15]Ignatius Tak Sun Yu,Zhang Yong hui,Wilson Wai San Tam,et al.Effect of ambient air pollution on daily mortality rates in Guangzhou,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,46:528-535.