IGCC燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机运行性能优化
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摘要
天津IGCC是中国第一座整体煤气化联合循环电站。系统中燃气轮机的燃料为气化炉产生的热值较低的合成气,作为国内第一台应用于IGCC技术的燃气轮机,在运行过程中存在着合成气热值与设计值偏差大、烧嘴过热、燃烧室偏烧等问题。针对存在的问题,首先介绍了IGCC电站燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机与普通燃气轮机在燃料、燃烧方式、燃烧器结构等方面的区别;然后结合实际运行参数分析,重点对存在的问题提出性能优化方案及措施。对燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机后续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。
Tianjin IGCC is the first integrated gasification combined cycle plant in China, where the gas turbine burns the lower heating value syngas produced by the gasifier. As the first gas turbine coupled with IGCC technology in China, it has encountered many problems during operation such as the discrepancies between the heat value of syngas and design value, the burner overheating and the uneven burning of the two combustion chambers. To solve these problems, this paper introduces and explains the differences between the IGCC gas turbines and regular gas turbines in the aspects of fuel, combustion method and burner structure. Then,combined with the analysis on the actual operation parameters, the performance optimization plan and corresponding measures are put forward. It is of referential significance for the subsequent development of gas turbine burning low heat value fuel.
Tianjin IGCC is the first integrated gasification combined cycle plant in China, where the gas turbine burns the lower heating value syngas produced by the gasifier. As the first gas turbine coupled with IGCC technology in China, it has encountered many problems during operation such as the discrepancies between the heat value of syngas and design value, the burner overheating and the uneven burning of the two combustion chambers. To solve these problems, this paper introduces and explains the differences between the IGCC gas turbines and regular gas turbines in the aspects of fuel, combustion method and burner structure. Then,combined with the analysis on the actual operation parameters, the performance optimization plan and corresponding measures are put forward. It is of referential significance for the subsequent development of gas turbine burning low heat value fuel.
引文
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[9]陈雷,张忠孝,李振中,等.燃气轮机变工况对IGCC系统性能的影响[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(3):313-319.CHEN Lei,ZHANG Zhongxiao,LI Zhenzhong,et al.Influence of gas turbine off-design operating conditions on the performance of an IGCC system[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2009,24(3):313-319.
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[11]牛利涛,刘晓航,洪海程.大型IGCC电站燃机变频启动特性的研究[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(18):188-191.NIU Litao,LIU Xiaohang,HONG Haicheng.Exploration on characteristics of variable frequency starting-up procedure of gas turbine generators in IGCC power plant[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2012,35(18):188-191.
[12]许东灏,穆延非,陈新明,等.不同惰性组分稀释合成气对燃气-蒸汽联合循环的效益分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(14):4138-4146.XU Donghao,MU Yanfei,CHEN Xinming,et al.Effect of syngas dilution using different inert species on gas turbine combined cycle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(14):4138-4146.
[13]尹洪,任静,蒋洪德.燃气轮机燃用中低热值燃料性能优化方案研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(8):1303-1306.YIN Hong,REN Jing,JIANG Hongde.Optimization of gas turbine performance based on low-but fuels[J].Journal of Engineering Thermalphysics,2010,31(8):1303-1306.
[14]曹常青.燃气轮机富氢合成气预混燃烧特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[15]苏保兴,黄素华,华宇东,等.扩散燃烧方式燃气轮机控制NOx排放方法选择[J].燃气轮机发电技术,2012,14(3):27-33.SU Baoxing,HUANG Suhua,HUA Yudong,et al.The selection of NOx emission control method for gas turbine controlled by diffusion combustion[J].Gas Turbine Generation Technology,2012,14(3):27-33.
[16]马晓茜.天然气燃烧特性及其与其它燃气的互换性分析[J].冶金能源,2001,20(3):33-37.MA Xiaoqian.Analysis on combustion characteristics of natural gas and interchangeability of other fuel gases with natural gas[J].Energy for Metallurgical Industry,2001,20(3):33-37.
[17]蔡志杰.IGCC燃气轮机与常规燃气轮机的差异及相关的改造[J].发电设备,2014,28(2):115-118.CAI Zhijie.Difference between IGCC gas turbine and conventional gas turbine and relevant retrofits[J].Power Equipment,2014,28(2):115-118.
[18]黄志慧,崔耀欣.SGT5-2000E(LC)IGCC燃气轮机结构介绍[J].热力透平,2009,38(2):118-121.HUANG Zhihui,CUI Yaoxin.Introduction of SGT5-2000E(LC)IGCC gas turbine structure[J].Thermal Turbine,2009,38(2):118-121.
[19]SCHWERDT S.Modelling NOx-formation in combustion processes[M].Lund:Lund University,2006.
[20]REED R J.North American combustion handbook[M].2nd Edition.Cleveland:North American Manufacturing Co.,1978.
[21]MOORE M J.NOx emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power&Energy,1997,211(1):43-52.
[22]蔡志平,金向阳,俞骆.IGCC电站NOx排放控制与系统效率提高[J].华电技术,2008,30(6):18-21.CAI Zhiping,JIN Xiangyang,YU Luo.NOx emission control and system efficiency increasing of IGCC power plan[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(6):18-21.
[23]毕映会.IGCC系统低NOx排放方法的比较和分析[J].华电技术,2008,30(1):25-27.BI Yinghui.Comparison and analysis of low-NOx emission methods for IGCC system[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(1):25-27.
[24]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.火电厂大气污染物排放标准:GB13223-2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[25]张建府.IGCC中燃用低热值合成气的燃气轮机若干运行特性研究[J].燃气轮机技术,2013,26(3):13-17.ZHANG Jianfu.Study on some operation characteristics of gas turbine firing syngas in IGCC[J].Gas Turbine Technology,2013,26(3):13-17.
[2]焦树建.欧洲的IGCC示范工程与研发工作[J].燃气轮机技术,2006,19(2):1-10.JIAO Shujian.IGCC demonstration projects and research work in Europe[J].Gas Turbine Technology,2006,19(2):1-10.
[3]郑建涛,徐越,任永强.国内外IGCC技术现状和发展动向[J].石油化工建设,2010(6):20-21.ZHENG Jiantao,XU Yue,REN Yongqiang.On the development of IGCC technology in the world[J].Petroleum and Chemical Construction,2010(6):20-21.
[4]王颖,吴少华,邱朋华,等.IGCC系统中燃机岛特性研究[J].燃气轮机技术,2010,23(2):12-16.WANG Ying,WU Shaohua,QIU Penghua,et al.Study on the gas turbine island characteristics in IGCC system[J].Gas Turbine Technology,2010,23(2):12-16.
[5]吕泽华,赵士杭.三压再热汽水系统IGCC的设计工况和变工况性能[J].热能动力工程,2000,15(4):373-375.LU Zehua,ZHAO Shihang.Design and off-design performance of the integrated gasification gas-steam combined cycle(IGCC)of a triple-pressure reheat steam-water system[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2000,15(4):373-375.
[6]刘可.燃用合成煤气的燃气轮机变工况特性研究[D].上海:上海发电设备成套设计研究院,2009.
[7]EUSTIS F H.Gas-turbine effects on integrated gasification combined-cycle power-plan toperations[EB/OL].(1990-05-05)[2018-01-08].https://www.researchgate.net.
[8]陈晓利,吴少华,李振中,等.整体煤气化联合循环系统中燃气轮机的变工况特性[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(3):230-234.CHEN Xiaoli,WU Shaohua,LI Zhenzhong,et al.Off-design characteristics of gas turbine in IGCC systems[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2010,30(3):230-234.
[9]陈雷,张忠孝,李振中,等.燃气轮机变工况对IGCC系统性能的影响[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(3):313-319.CHEN Lei,ZHANG Zhongxiao,LI Zhenzhong,et al.Influence of gas turbine off-design operating conditions on the performance of an IGCC system[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2009,24(3):313-319.
[10]王颖,邱朋华,吴少华,等.基于燃气轮机变工况的IGCC系统特性研究[J].燃气轮机技术,2009,22(3):25-28.WANG Ying,QIU Penghua,WU Shaohua,et al.Study on IGCCsystem characteristic with off-design gas turbin[J].Gas Turbine Technology,2009,22(3):25-28.
[11]牛利涛,刘晓航,洪海程.大型IGCC电站燃机变频启动特性的研究[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(18):188-191.NIU Litao,LIU Xiaohang,HONG Haicheng.Exploration on characteristics of variable frequency starting-up procedure of gas turbine generators in IGCC power plant[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2012,35(18):188-191.
[12]许东灏,穆延非,陈新明,等.不同惰性组分稀释合成气对燃气-蒸汽联合循环的效益分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(14):4138-4146.XU Donghao,MU Yanfei,CHEN Xinming,et al.Effect of syngas dilution using different inert species on gas turbine combined cycle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(14):4138-4146.
[13]尹洪,任静,蒋洪德.燃气轮机燃用中低热值燃料性能优化方案研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(8):1303-1306.YIN Hong,REN Jing,JIANG Hongde.Optimization of gas turbine performance based on low-but fuels[J].Journal of Engineering Thermalphysics,2010,31(8):1303-1306.
[14]曹常青.燃气轮机富氢合成气预混燃烧特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[15]苏保兴,黄素华,华宇东,等.扩散燃烧方式燃气轮机控制NOx排放方法选择[J].燃气轮机发电技术,2012,14(3):27-33.SU Baoxing,HUANG Suhua,HUA Yudong,et al.The selection of NOx emission control method for gas turbine controlled by diffusion combustion[J].Gas Turbine Generation Technology,2012,14(3):27-33.
[16]马晓茜.天然气燃烧特性及其与其它燃气的互换性分析[J].冶金能源,2001,20(3):33-37.MA Xiaoqian.Analysis on combustion characteristics of natural gas and interchangeability of other fuel gases with natural gas[J].Energy for Metallurgical Industry,2001,20(3):33-37.
[17]蔡志杰.IGCC燃气轮机与常规燃气轮机的差异及相关的改造[J].发电设备,2014,28(2):115-118.CAI Zhijie.Difference between IGCC gas turbine and conventional gas turbine and relevant retrofits[J].Power Equipment,2014,28(2):115-118.
[18]黄志慧,崔耀欣.SGT5-2000E(LC)IGCC燃气轮机结构介绍[J].热力透平,2009,38(2):118-121.HUANG Zhihui,CUI Yaoxin.Introduction of SGT5-2000E(LC)IGCC gas turbine structure[J].Thermal Turbine,2009,38(2):118-121.
[19]SCHWERDT S.Modelling NOx-formation in combustion processes[M].Lund:Lund University,2006.
[20]REED R J.North American combustion handbook[M].2nd Edition.Cleveland:North American Manufacturing Co.,1978.
[21]MOORE M J.NOx emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power&Energy,1997,211(1):43-52.
[22]蔡志平,金向阳,俞骆.IGCC电站NOx排放控制与系统效率提高[J].华电技术,2008,30(6):18-21.CAI Zhiping,JIN Xiangyang,YU Luo.NOx emission control and system efficiency increasing of IGCC power plan[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(6):18-21.
[23]毕映会.IGCC系统低NOx排放方法的比较和分析[J].华电技术,2008,30(1):25-27.BI Yinghui.Comparison and analysis of low-NOx emission methods for IGCC system[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(1):25-27.
[24]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.火电厂大气污染物排放标准:GB13223-2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[25]张建府.IGCC中燃用低热值合成气的燃气轮机若干运行特性研究[J].燃气轮机技术,2013,26(3):13-17.ZHANG Jianfu.Study on some operation characteristics of gas turbine firing syngas in IGCC[J].Gas Turbine Technology,2013,26(3):13-17.