种植密度对陇东旱塬区光敏型高丹草生物学性状及产量的影响
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摘要
本研究于2014、2015年连续两年选用两个品种的光敏型高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)"大卡"和"海牛"在黄土高原雨养农业区,采用全膜平铺穴播的方式,以8.33万、12.50万和16.67万穴·hm-2 3个种植密度进行种植,比较了各处理的生长发育指标和草产量的异同。结果表明,在生育期方面,品种间从孕穗期开始后差异明显。在农艺性状方面,"海牛"两年的分蘖数和全株叶片数均高于"大卡",其他各性状均以"大卡"最高;两个品种的茎粗、分蘖数、全株叶片数、节间数、单株鲜重、单株叶重和单株茎重连续两年均随着密度的加大而减小,呈负相关关系;主茎叶片数随密度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。在产草量方面,连续两年"大卡"的鲜草产量和干物质产量均高于"海牛";鲜草产量均在8.33万穴·hm-2处理下最高,且呈现出随着密度的增加鲜草产量下降的趋势;干物质产量丰水年2014年在16.67万穴·hm-2处理下最高,欠水年2015年在12.50万穴·hm-2处理下最高。综上所述,在黄土高原雨养农业区采用全膜覆盖方式种植光敏型高丹草时,品种应选择"大卡",在有灌溉条件或降水较多的地区,以16.67万穴·hm-2种植密度为宜;而在降水较少且无灌溉条件的地区,以12.50万穴·hm-2种植密度为宜。
In the present study,two photoperiod-sensitive(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense),‘Big Kahuna'and‘Monster',were planted in the rainfed region of the loess plateau at three different planting densities(83300,125 000,and 166 700 plants per hectare)by dibbling with plastic film.The growth and development indices and yields of each hybrid were measured and compared.The results showed that for the growth duration,there was a significant difference between the two hybrids after the booting stage.For the agronomic characters,the numbers of tiller and whole plant leaves of‘Monster'were higher than that of‘Big Kahuna',whereas the other characters of‘Big Kahun'were higher than that of‘Monster'.Stem diameter,tiller number,whole plant leaf number,internode number,and leaves and stem weights per plant of the two hybrids decreased under increasing planting density over the 2 years with a negative correlation.The leaf number of the main culm showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increased density.The fresh grass and dry matter yields of‘Big Kahuna'were higher than that of‘Monster'over the 2 years and the fresh yield in the 83 000 plants per hectare density was the highest of the three densities and tended to decrease with an increase in density.The dry matter yield in the 166 700 plants per hectare density was higher than that of the other densities during 2014,which experienced abundant rainfall,whereas the yield in the 125 000 plants per hectare density was higher than that of the other densities during the 2015 drought.In conclusion,when photoperiod-sensitive S.sudangrass hybridare planted in a rainfed region of the loess plateau by dibbling with plastic film,‘Big Kahuna'should be chosen at a density of 166 700 plants per hectare in an area with good irrigation conditions or precipitation,otherwise a density of 125 000 plants per hectare should be planted.
In the present study,two photoperiod-sensitive(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense),‘Big Kahuna'and‘Monster',were planted in the rainfed region of the loess plateau at three different planting densities(83300,125 000,and 166 700 plants per hectare)by dibbling with plastic film.The growth and development indices and yields of each hybrid were measured and compared.The results showed that for the growth duration,there was a significant difference between the two hybrids after the booting stage.For the agronomic characters,the numbers of tiller and whole plant leaves of‘Monster'were higher than that of‘Big Kahuna',whereas the other characters of‘Big Kahun'were higher than that of‘Monster'.Stem diameter,tiller number,whole plant leaf number,internode number,and leaves and stem weights per plant of the two hybrids decreased under increasing planting density over the 2 years with a negative correlation.The leaf number of the main culm showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increased density.The fresh grass and dry matter yields of‘Big Kahuna'were higher than that of‘Monster'over the 2 years and the fresh yield in the 83 000 plants per hectare density was the highest of the three densities and tended to decrease with an increase in density.The dry matter yield in the 166 700 plants per hectare density was higher than that of the other densities during 2014,which experienced abundant rainfall,whereas the yield in the 125 000 plants per hectare density was higher than that of the other densities during the 2015 drought.In conclusion,when photoperiod-sensitive S.sudangrass hybridare planted in a rainfed region of the loess plateau by dibbling with plastic film,‘Big Kahuna'should be chosen at a density of 166 700 plants per hectare in an area with good irrigation conditions or precipitation,otherwise a density of 125 000 plants per hectare should be planted.
引文
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[3]刘建宁,石永红,王运琦,郭锐,吴欣明,郭璞,张燕,高新中.高丹草生长动态及收割期的研究.草业学报,2011,20(1):31-37.Liu J N,Shi Y H,Wang Y Q,Guo R,Wu X M,Guo P,Zhang Y,Gao X Z.Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of sorghum hybrid sudangrass.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(1):31-37.(in Chinese)
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[7]梁欢,游永亮,李源,赵海明,刘贵波,曾兵.高丹草青贮加工及饲喂利用技术研究进展.草地学报,2015,23(5):936-943.Liang H,You Y L,Li Y,Zhao H M,Liu G B,Zeng B.Research progress on ensiling and feeding technology of sorghum-sudangrass hybirds.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(5):936-943.(in Chinese)
[8]冀旋,玉柱,白春生,顾雪莹,郭艳萍.添加剂对高丹草青贮效果的影响.草地学报,2012,20(3):571-575.Ji X,Yu Z,Bai C S,Gu X Y,Guo Y P.Effect of additives on quality of Sorghum sudangrass hybrids silage.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(3):571-575.(in Chinese)
[9]贺春贵,张邦林,马彦.关于甘肃发展旱作草畜牧业生产体系的思考.甘肃农业科技,2013(12):8-11.He C G,Zhang B L,Ma Y.A consideration about crop-forage-livestock dryland farming systems in Gansu.Gansu Agrigultural Scienge and Technology,2013(12):8-11.(in Chinese)
[10]王晓武,单华佳,罗宁.种植密度对甜高粱农艺性状、产量及含糖量的影响.中国糖料,2016,38(3):21-23.Wang X W,Shan H J,Luo N.Effect of different planting density on agronomic traits,yield and sugar content of sweet sorghum.Sugar Crops of China,2016,38(3):21-23.(in Chinese)
[11]李珊珊,李飞,白彦福,尚占环.甜高粱饲用价值及饲喂奶牛技术.草业科学,2017,34(7):1534-1541.Li S S,Li F,Bai Y F,Shang Z H.Sweet sorghum feeding value and feeding dairy cows technology.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(7):1534-1541.(in Chinese)
[12]王岩,黄瑞冬.种植密度对甜高粱生长发育、产量及含糖量的影响.作物杂志,2008(3):49-51.Wang Y,Huang R D.Effect of plant density on growth,yield and sugar content of sweet sorghum.Crops,2008(3):49-51.(in Chinese)
[13]曹雄,梁晓红,黄敏佳,申登高,李占林.不同种植密度对高粱成穗数、产量及其构成因素的影响.农学学报,2015,5(9):12-16.Cao X,Liang X H,Huang M J,Shen D G,Li Z L.Effects of planting density on effective ears,yield and yield component factors of sorghum.Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(9):12-16.(in Chinese)
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