长期定点连作及单序轮作处理对旱地谷子的光合特性、根系构型和产量的影响
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摘要
旨在为克服谷子连作障碍和实现旱农区农田可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支持,采用周年单序轮作处理和长期定点连作对照相比较的研究方法,开展长期定点连作及单序轮作处理对旱地谷子的光合特性、根系构型和产量的影响研究。研究结果表明,轮作种植模式中谷子产量、叶片的叶绿素含量及净光合速率较长期定点连作分别增加了22.02%、20.58%、15.34%,均显著高于长期定点连作种植模式。相比于连作处理,轮作种植使谷子根系在不同直径范围内生长发育状况更好,根系的比根长、比表面积、根体积与根尖密度均较长期定点连作处理显著升高(0.5 mm≤直径≤1.0 mm:各指标分别增加了92.17%、62.94%、72.73%、75.08%,直径≥1.0 mm:各指标分别增加了44.09%、86.32%、86.37%、181.71%)。综上,本研究发现,轮作会改善谷子叶片的光合指标参数及根系发育指标参数,减轻连作障碍,提高产量。
This study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of millet and achieving sustainable production of farmland in dryland areas. Comparing annual single-order rotations cropping with long-term continuous cropping, the effects on the photosynthetic characteristics, root configuration and yield of dry-land millet are studied. The results show that the rotation cropping increases the yield, leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate by 22.02%15.34%continuous cropping, the rotation cropping significantly improves the growth of root with different diameter ranges, it obviously increases the specific root length(SRL), specific root surface area(SRA), root volume and root tip density in different diameter ranges(0.5 ≤mmdiameter≤1.0 mm: every index increases by 92.17%,62.94%, 72.73%, 75.08%, respectively, diameter≥1.0 mm: every index increases by 44.09%, 86.32%,86.37%, 181.71%). It is concluded that the rotation cropping could enhance the photosynthetic index parameters and root index parameters, alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping and thus increase the millet yield.
This study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of millet and achieving sustainable production of farmland in dryland areas. Comparing annual single-order rotations cropping with long-term continuous cropping, the effects on the photosynthetic characteristics, root configuration and yield of dry-land millet are studied. The results show that the rotation cropping increases the yield, leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate by 22.02%15.34%continuous cropping, the rotation cropping significantly improves the growth of root with different diameter ranges, it obviously increases the specific root length(SRL), specific root surface area(SRA), root volume and root tip density in different diameter ranges(0.5 ≤mmdiameter≤1.0 mm: every index increases by 92.17%,62.94%, 72.73%, 75.08%, respectively, diameter≥1.0 mm: every index increases by 44.09%, 86.32%,86.37%, 181.71%). It is concluded that the rotation cropping could enhance the photosynthetic index parameters and root index parameters, alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping and thus increase the millet yield.
引文
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[15]高扬,高小丽,张东旗,等.连作对荞麦产量、土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2014,6):1091-6.
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[18]种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.
[19]张伏,张亚坤,毛鹏军,等.植物叶绿素测量方法研究现状及发展[J].农机化研究,2014(4):238-241.
[20]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[21]宋慧,冯佰利,高小丽,等.不同小豆品种(系)叶片衰老与活性氧代谢[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):347-353.
[22]孙海林,田丰,张永成.马铃薯光合速率与产量相关性研究[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(1):30-31.
[23]Ding H,Zhang Z M,Dai L X,et al.Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Peanut Root Growth and Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,78:963-964.
[24]Bauhus J,Khanna P K,Menden N.Aboveground and belowground interactions in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii[J].Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestière,2000,30(12):1886-1894.
[25]Cai K,Luo S,Duan S.The Relationship Between Spatial Distribution of Rice Root System and Yield[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2003,4:1-4.
[2]刁现民.中国的谷子生产与产业发展方向[R].全国杂粮产业大会,F,2010[C].
[3]妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-6.
[4]Yu G.Effects of rotations of cucumber with wheat and hairy vetch on soil micro-ecological environment and its yield[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011.
[5]尉辉,张自坤,刘素慧,等.连作对大蒜生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):239-242.
[6]Qin S H,Li C,Zhang J L,et al.Effect of Rotation of Leguminous Plants on Soil Available Nutrients and Physical and Chemical Properties in Continuous Cropping Potato Field[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(8):1452.
[7]Zhang X H,Zhang E H,Lang D Y,et al.Effect of different cropping rotations on enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil and production quality of Angelica sinensis[J].Chinese Traditional&Herbal Drugs,2011,42(11):2322-2325.
[8]吕毅,宋富海,李园园,等.轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(14):2830-2839.
[9]孔凡磊,陈阜,张海林,等.轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):150-155.
[10]Moulin A P,Buckley K E,Volkmar K.Soil quality as affected by amendments in bean-potato rotations[J].Can J Soil Sci,2015,91(4):533-542.
[11]王俊,李凤民,贾宇,等.半干旱黄土区苜蓿草地轮作农田土壤氮、磷和有机质变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):439-444.
[12]秦舒浩,曹莉,张俊莲,等.轮作豆科植物对马铃薯连作田土壤速效养分及理化性质的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1452-1458.
[13]郑海秀,白静.平罗县一年一熟谷子与豆类轮作保护性耕作增产技术[J].现代农业科技,2014,9:93.
[14]李夏,妙佳源,高小丽,等.连作条件下谷子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(4):1-9.
[15]高扬,高小丽,张东旗,等.连作对荞麦产量、土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2014,6):1091-6.
[16]张文英,智慧,柳斌辉,等.干旱胁迫对谷子孕穗期光合特性的影响[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(6):7-11.
[17]王劲松,樊芳芳,郭珺,等.不同作物轮作对连作高粱生长及其根际土壤环境的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(7):2283-2291.
[18]种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.
[19]张伏,张亚坤,毛鹏军,等.植物叶绿素测量方法研究现状及发展[J].农机化研究,2014(4):238-241.
[20]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[21]宋慧,冯佰利,高小丽,等.不同小豆品种(系)叶片衰老与活性氧代谢[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):347-353.
[22]孙海林,田丰,张永成.马铃薯光合速率与产量相关性研究[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(1):30-31.
[23]Ding H,Zhang Z M,Dai L X,et al.Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Peanut Root Growth and Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,78:963-964.
[24]Bauhus J,Khanna P K,Menden N.Aboveground and belowground interactions in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii[J].Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestière,2000,30(12):1886-1894.
[25]Cai K,Luo S,Duan S.The Relationship Between Spatial Distribution of Rice Root System and Yield[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2003,4:1-4.