宁夏荒漠草原蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)种群小尺度空间分布及其关联性
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摘要
植物种群的空间分布格局及其关联性不仅反映种群的生态调控能力和环境可塑性机制,也是其在群落中地位与生存能力的外在表现。在宁夏盐池县,选择以蒙古冰草为优势种的荒漠草原为对象,按丛径将蒙古冰草个体划分Ⅰ级株丛(0—5 cm)、Ⅱ级株丛(5.1—10 cm)、Ⅲ级株丛(10.1—15 cm)、Ⅳ级株丛(15.1—20 cm)和Ⅴ级株丛(﹥20 cm)5个株丛级,采用点格局分析中的O-ring函数统计方法,分析了蒙古冰草种群的株丛结构、各级株丛的空间分布格局及关联性。结果表明:(1)蒙古冰草种群中Ⅰ、Ⅱ级株丛占比(79.24%)明显高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ级株丛占比(8.46%),种群中可供更新的幼苗充足,种群表现出良好的发展趋势。(2)在小尺度范围内,蒙古冰草Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级株丛主要表现为聚集分布,而且个体越小聚集程度越高,随尺度的增大,逐渐过渡到随机分布和均匀分布,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级株丛在所有尺度上均为随机分布。(3)蒙古冰草种群Ⅰ级株丛与Ⅱ、Ⅲ级株丛,Ⅱ级株丛与Ⅲ级株丛在小尺度内呈显著正关联,随研究尺度的增大趋于无关联,其余各级株丛在0—5 m尺度上主要呈无关联。
Agropyron mongolicum is the dominant species in desert steppe in Ningxia, China. With strong drought resistance, cold endurance, and wind and sand tolerance characteristics, A. mongolicum plays important roles in soil and water conservation, agricultural production, and ecological restoration. The spatial distribution pattern and association of plant population not only reflect the ecological regulation ability and environmental plasticity mechanism of a population, but also the external manifestation of their status and viability in the community. To clarify the spatial distribution pattern and association of A. mongolicum at different developmental stages, a desert steppe dominated by A. mongolicum in Yanchi, Ningxia was selected as the research object. The spatial coordinates and diameter of individual clusters of A. mongolicum were measured with a 10 m × 10 m sample plot. Five cluster degrees consisting of Ⅰ degree cluster(0—5 cm), Ⅱ degree cluster(5.1—10 cm), Ⅲ degree cluster(10.1—15 cm), Ⅳ degree cluster(15.1—20 cm), and Ⅴ degree cluster(>20 cm) were classified according to the individual cluster diameter. Based on the data from the sample plot, the spatial distribution pattern and association of A. mongolicum among different degree clusters were analyzed by adopting the method of point pattern analysis and O-ring function statistic. The results showed that the proportion of Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree clusters was significantly higher than that of Ⅳ and Ⅴ degree clusters in A. mongolicum population, accounting for 79.24% of the total population. The population had adequate regenerative seedlings and exhibited good development trend. The Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ degree clusters mainly aggregated in a small spatial scale, and the aggregation degree strengthened with the decrease in individuals. As the scale increased, the aggregation degree decreased and gradually transformed to random and uniform distribution. The Ⅳ and Ⅴ degree clusters of A. mongolicum appeared as random distribution at all scales. The association between Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree clusters, Ⅰ and Ⅲ degree clusters, and Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree clusters of A. mongolicum showed significant positive relationship at a small scale, and tended to be unassociated with increase in scale. The remaining cluster levels showed no association at the 0—5 m scale.
Agropyron mongolicum is the dominant species in desert steppe in Ningxia, China. With strong drought resistance, cold endurance, and wind and sand tolerance characteristics, A. mongolicum plays important roles in soil and water conservation, agricultural production, and ecological restoration. The spatial distribution pattern and association of plant population not only reflect the ecological regulation ability and environmental plasticity mechanism of a population, but also the external manifestation of their status and viability in the community. To clarify the spatial distribution pattern and association of A. mongolicum at different developmental stages, a desert steppe dominated by A. mongolicum in Yanchi, Ningxia was selected as the research object. The spatial coordinates and diameter of individual clusters of A. mongolicum were measured with a 10 m × 10 m sample plot. Five cluster degrees consisting of Ⅰ degree cluster(0—5 cm), Ⅱ degree cluster(5.1—10 cm), Ⅲ degree cluster(10.1—15 cm), Ⅳ degree cluster(15.1—20 cm), and Ⅴ degree cluster(>20 cm) were classified according to the individual cluster diameter. Based on the data from the sample plot, the spatial distribution pattern and association of A. mongolicum among different degree clusters were analyzed by adopting the method of point pattern analysis and O-ring function statistic. The results showed that the proportion of Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree clusters was significantly higher than that of Ⅳ and Ⅴ degree clusters in A. mongolicum population, accounting for 79.24% of the total population. The population had adequate regenerative seedlings and exhibited good development trend. The Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ degree clusters mainly aggregated in a small spatial scale, and the aggregation degree strengthened with the decrease in individuals. As the scale increased, the aggregation degree decreased and gradually transformed to random and uniform distribution. The Ⅳ and Ⅴ degree clusters of A. mongolicum appeared as random distribution at all scales. The association between Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree clusters, Ⅰ and Ⅲ degree clusters, and Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree clusters of A. mongolicum showed significant positive relationship at a small scale, and tended to be unassociated with increase in scale. The remaining cluster levels showed no association at the 0—5 m scale.
引文
[1] 刘小恺,刘茂松,黄峥,徐驰,张明娟,王汉杰.宁夏沙湖4种干旱区群落中主要植物种间关系的格局分析.植物生态学报,2009,33(2):320- 330.
[2] 赵成章,高福元,盛亚萍,董小刚,周伟.狼毒种群小尺度空间分布格局及空间关联性研究.干旱区地理,2011,34(3):492- 498.
[3] 党晶晶,赵成章,任珩,杨泉,查高德.高寒草地狼毒与阴山扁蓿豆种群的空间格局.生态学杂志,2013,32(2):292- 298.
[4] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology.Oikos,2004,104(2):209- 229.
[5] Perry G L W,Miller B P,Enright N J.A comparison of methods for the statistical analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology.Plant Ecology,2006,187(1):59- 82.
[6] Ripley B D.Modeling spatial patterns.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1977,39:172- 192.
[7] 樊登星,余新晓.北京山区栓皮栎林优势种群点格局分析.生态学报,2016,36(2):318- 325.
[8] 李国春,宋华东,李琦,卜书海.太白山巴山冷杉林主要树种与开花秦岭箭竹的空间点格局分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3487- 3493.
[9] 宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.梭梭种群不同发育阶段的空间格局与关联性分析.生态学报,2010,30(16):4317- 4327.
[10] 赵成章,任珩,盛亚萍,高福元,石福习.不同高寒退化草地阿尔泰针茅种群的小尺度点格局.生态学报,2011,31(21):6388- 6395.
[11] 郭本兆.中国植物志-第九卷,第三分册.北京:科学出版社,1987:119.
[12] 刘文清,王国贤.沙化草地旱作条件下混播人工草地的试验研究.中国草地学报,2003,25(2):69- 71.
[13] 高福元,石福习.基于不同零模型的三江平原沼泽湿地主要物种小尺度点格局分析.生态学报,2015,35(7):2029- 2037.
[14] 云锦凤,赵彦,石凤敏,王俊杰.蒙古冰草肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与组织表达分析.草业学报,2011,20(2):170- 176.
[15] 赵彦,陈雪英,石凤敏,云锦凤,王俊杰.蒙古冰草MwDREB3基因的克隆及表达分析.草地学报,2015,23(2):377- 382.
[16] 李晓全,高有汉,刘扬,索培芬,韩冰.我国北方9份旱生—沙生植物蒙古冰草遗传多样性研究.草业学报,2016,25(3):77- 85.
[17] Ma Y H,Yu X X,Yu Z,Sun F C,Li X D,Li X L.RNA‐Seq of Agropyron mongolicum Keng in response to drought stress.Grassland Science,2018,64(1):3- 15.
[18] 解新明,云锦凤,卢小良,李秉滔.蒙古冰草表型数量性状的变异与生境间的相关性.生态学杂志,2003,22(4):31- 36.
[19] 赵盼盼,邵文山,靳长青,宋立肖,龚诗佩,李国旗.围封对荒漠草原沙芦草种群构件生物量分配特性的影响.生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2024- 2029.
[20] 高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性.生态学报,2014,34(3):605- 612.
[21] 白永飞,许志信,李德新,赵钢.内蒙古高原四种针茅种群年龄与株丛结构的研究.植物学报,1999,41(10):1125- 1131.
[22] 付贵全,徐先英,徐梦莎,赵鹏,张莹花,刘江,郭挺,乔宇.民勤绿洲边缘两种生境红砂种群空间格局及关联性分析.干旱区地理,2016,39(1):112- 121.
[23] 董灵波,刘兆刚,张博,袁野,孙云霞.基于Ripley L和O-ring函数的森林景观空间分布格局及其关联性.应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3429- 3436.
[24] Stoyan D,Penttinen A.Recent applications of point process methods in forestry statistics.Statistical Science,2000,15(1):61- 78.
[25] Li W,Zhang G F.Population structure and spatial pattern of the endemic and endangered subtropical tree Parrotia subaequalis (Hamamelidaceae).Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants,2015,212:10- 18.
[26] Bohrer G,Katul G G,Nathan R,Walko R L,Avissar R.Effects of canopy heterogeneity,seed abscission and inertia on wind-driven dispersal kernels of tree seeds.Journal of Ecology,2008,96(4):569- 580.
[27] 王立群,杨静,石凤翎.多年生禾本科牧草种子脱落机制及适宜采收期的研究.中国草地,1996,(3):7- 16.
[28] Hao H M,Huang Z,Lu R,Jia C,Liu Y,Liu B R,Wu G L.Patches structure succession based on spatial point pattern features in semi-arid ecosystems of the water-wind erosion crisscross region.Global Ecology and Conservation,2017,12:158- 165.
[29] Gray L,He F L.Spatial point-pattern analysis for detecting density-dependent competition in a boreal chronosequence of Alberta.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,259(1):98- 106.
[30] 杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,李晓松,张友炎.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析.植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563- 570.
[31] Welden C W,Slauson W L,Ward R T.Competition and abiotic stress among trees and shrubs in Northwest Colorado.Ecology,1988,69(5):1566- 1577.
[32] 殷国梅,陈世璜.冰草属植物无性繁殖特性的研究.内蒙古草业,2003,15(2):1- 2.
[33] Shackleton C.Nearest-neighbour analysis and the prevelance of woody plant competition in South African savannas.Plant Ecology,2002,158(1):65- 76.
[34] Schleicher J,Wiegand K,Ward D.Changes of woody plant interaction and spatial distribution between rocky and sandy soil areas in a semi-arid savanna,South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments,2011,75(3):270- 278.
[35] Turner M G,O′Neill R V,Gardner R H,Milne B T.Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern.Landscape Ecology,1989,3(3/4):153- 162.
[36] 杨华,李艳丽,沈林,亢新刚.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性.生态学报,2014,34(16):4698- 4706.
[2] 赵成章,高福元,盛亚萍,董小刚,周伟.狼毒种群小尺度空间分布格局及空间关联性研究.干旱区地理,2011,34(3):492- 498.
[3] 党晶晶,赵成章,任珩,杨泉,查高德.高寒草地狼毒与阴山扁蓿豆种群的空间格局.生态学杂志,2013,32(2):292- 298.
[4] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology.Oikos,2004,104(2):209- 229.
[5] Perry G L W,Miller B P,Enright N J.A comparison of methods for the statistical analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology.Plant Ecology,2006,187(1):59- 82.
[6] Ripley B D.Modeling spatial patterns.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1977,39:172- 192.
[7] 樊登星,余新晓.北京山区栓皮栎林优势种群点格局分析.生态学报,2016,36(2):318- 325.
[8] 李国春,宋华东,李琦,卜书海.太白山巴山冷杉林主要树种与开花秦岭箭竹的空间点格局分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3487- 3493.
[9] 宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.梭梭种群不同发育阶段的空间格局与关联性分析.生态学报,2010,30(16):4317- 4327.
[10] 赵成章,任珩,盛亚萍,高福元,石福习.不同高寒退化草地阿尔泰针茅种群的小尺度点格局.生态学报,2011,31(21):6388- 6395.
[11] 郭本兆.中国植物志-第九卷,第三分册.北京:科学出版社,1987:119.
[12] 刘文清,王国贤.沙化草地旱作条件下混播人工草地的试验研究.中国草地学报,2003,25(2):69- 71.
[13] 高福元,石福习.基于不同零模型的三江平原沼泽湿地主要物种小尺度点格局分析.生态学报,2015,35(7):2029- 2037.
[14] 云锦凤,赵彦,石凤敏,王俊杰.蒙古冰草肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与组织表达分析.草业学报,2011,20(2):170- 176.
[15] 赵彦,陈雪英,石凤敏,云锦凤,王俊杰.蒙古冰草MwDREB3基因的克隆及表达分析.草地学报,2015,23(2):377- 382.
[16] 李晓全,高有汉,刘扬,索培芬,韩冰.我国北方9份旱生—沙生植物蒙古冰草遗传多样性研究.草业学报,2016,25(3):77- 85.
[17] Ma Y H,Yu X X,Yu Z,Sun F C,Li X D,Li X L.RNA‐Seq of Agropyron mongolicum Keng in response to drought stress.Grassland Science,2018,64(1):3- 15.
[18] 解新明,云锦凤,卢小良,李秉滔.蒙古冰草表型数量性状的变异与生境间的相关性.生态学杂志,2003,22(4):31- 36.
[19] 赵盼盼,邵文山,靳长青,宋立肖,龚诗佩,李国旗.围封对荒漠草原沙芦草种群构件生物量分配特性的影响.生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2024- 2029.
[20] 高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性.生态学报,2014,34(3):605- 612.
[21] 白永飞,许志信,李德新,赵钢.内蒙古高原四种针茅种群年龄与株丛结构的研究.植物学报,1999,41(10):1125- 1131.
[22] 付贵全,徐先英,徐梦莎,赵鹏,张莹花,刘江,郭挺,乔宇.民勤绿洲边缘两种生境红砂种群空间格局及关联性分析.干旱区地理,2016,39(1):112- 121.
[23] 董灵波,刘兆刚,张博,袁野,孙云霞.基于Ripley L和O-ring函数的森林景观空间分布格局及其关联性.应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3429- 3436.
[24] Stoyan D,Penttinen A.Recent applications of point process methods in forestry statistics.Statistical Science,2000,15(1):61- 78.
[25] Li W,Zhang G F.Population structure and spatial pattern of the endemic and endangered subtropical tree Parrotia subaequalis (Hamamelidaceae).Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants,2015,212:10- 18.
[26] Bohrer G,Katul G G,Nathan R,Walko R L,Avissar R.Effects of canopy heterogeneity,seed abscission and inertia on wind-driven dispersal kernels of tree seeds.Journal of Ecology,2008,96(4):569- 580.
[27] 王立群,杨静,石凤翎.多年生禾本科牧草种子脱落机制及适宜采收期的研究.中国草地,1996,(3):7- 16.
[28] Hao H M,Huang Z,Lu R,Jia C,Liu Y,Liu B R,Wu G L.Patches structure succession based on spatial point pattern features in semi-arid ecosystems of the water-wind erosion crisscross region.Global Ecology and Conservation,2017,12:158- 165.
[29] Gray L,He F L.Spatial point-pattern analysis for detecting density-dependent competition in a boreal chronosequence of Alberta.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,259(1):98- 106.
[30] 杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,李晓松,张友炎.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析.植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563- 570.
[31] Welden C W,Slauson W L,Ward R T.Competition and abiotic stress among trees and shrubs in Northwest Colorado.Ecology,1988,69(5):1566- 1577.
[32] 殷国梅,陈世璜.冰草属植物无性繁殖特性的研究.内蒙古草业,2003,15(2):1- 2.
[33] Shackleton C.Nearest-neighbour analysis and the prevelance of woody plant competition in South African savannas.Plant Ecology,2002,158(1):65- 76.
[34] Schleicher J,Wiegand K,Ward D.Changes of woody plant interaction and spatial distribution between rocky and sandy soil areas in a semi-arid savanna,South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments,2011,75(3):270- 278.
[35] Turner M G,O′Neill R V,Gardner R H,Milne B T.Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern.Landscape Ecology,1989,3(3/4):153- 162.
[36] 杨华,李艳丽,沈林,亢新刚.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性.生态学报,2014,34(16):4698- 4706.