基于非参数雨流外推法的车架载荷谱与疲劳寿命分析
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摘要
针对农用机械工况复杂,受力多变,对结构件寿命影响很大的问题,以蔬菜田间作业动力机械车架为研究对象,对车架载荷谱及疲劳寿命情况进行研究。采用有限元分析方法,对车架进行应力分析并选取测点;采取建立由应变片、应变调理仪、信号采集仪等组成的应力载荷测试系统进行载荷测试试验,测得犁地和路面行驶2种典型工况下应力时间历程;拟用傅里叶变换频率检验和离散自函数平稳性分析方法,确定信号符合随机载荷信号特征;采用数据处理方法消除信号干扰因素。对测得应力载荷数据进行非参数雨流外推,基于外推结果编制车架应力载荷谱并进行疲劳寿命预测研究。结果表明:损伤值最大的测点寿命预估结果为1.043×1013 h,满足使用要求,该方法适用于农业机械结构载荷谱编制及疲劳寿命预测,可为农业机械结构载荷谱编制及疲劳寿命预估提供参考。
Aiming at the problem of complex working condition of farm machinery,variable stress and great influence on the life of structural parts,the load spectrum and fatigue life of the frame of vegetable tool carrier were studied.The stress of the frame was analyzed by finite element method and the measuring points were selected.The load test was carried out by establishing the stress load test system composed of strain gauge,strain adjuster,signal acquisition device,and the stress time history under two typical working conditions of ploughing and road driving was measured.The Fourier transform frequency test and discrete self-function stationarity analysis method were used to determine that the signal conforms to the signal characteristics of random load.Data processing method was adopted to eliminate signal interference factors.Non-parametric rain flow extrapolation was carried out for the measured stress load data.Based on the extrapolation results,the stress load spectrum of the frame was compiled and the fatigue life prediction research was conducted.The results showed that the estimated life of the measuring point 5 with the maximum damage value was 1.043×1013 hours,which met the requirements of service and use.This study provided references for the establishment of load spectrum of agricultural machinery structure and the estimation of fatigue life.
Aiming at the problem of complex working condition of farm machinery,variable stress and great influence on the life of structural parts,the load spectrum and fatigue life of the frame of vegetable tool carrier were studied.The stress of the frame was analyzed by finite element method and the measuring points were selected.The load test was carried out by establishing the stress load test system composed of strain gauge,strain adjuster,signal acquisition device,and the stress time history under two typical working conditions of ploughing and road driving was measured.The Fourier transform frequency test and discrete self-function stationarity analysis method were used to determine that the signal conforms to the signal characteristics of random load.Data processing method was adopted to eliminate signal interference factors.Non-parametric rain flow extrapolation was carried out for the measured stress load data.Based on the extrapolation results,the stress load spectrum of the frame was compiled and the fatigue life prediction research was conducted.The results showed that the estimated life of the measuring point 5 with the maximum damage value was 1.043×1013 hours,which met the requirements of service and use.This study provided references for the establishment of load spectrum of agricultural machinery structure and the estimation of fatigue life.
引文
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[15]高天宇,李焕良,郑铮,邵立福,潘军军.基于雨流频次外推的ZLK50型装载机液压缸载荷谱编制[J].机械强度,2017,39(4):951-956Gao T Y,Li H L,Zheng Z,Shao L F,Pan J J.Compiling method of load spectrum of ZLK50 type loader hydraulic cylinder based on rain flow frequency extrapolation[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2017,39(4):951-956(in Chinese)
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[18] Laue S,Bomas H.Spectrum fatigue life assessment of notched specimens based on the initiation and propagation of short cracks[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2006,28(9):1011-1021
[19]李福强,刘守荣,毛恩荣,杜岳峰,林玉龙,田纪云.基于功率密度的玉米收获机车架疲劳分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):34-40Li F Q,Liu S R,Mao E R,Du Y F,Lin Y L,Tian J Y.Fatigue analysis of corn harvester frame based on power density[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(10):34-40(in Chinese)
[20]朱涛,林晓斌.Glyphworks功能介绍[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2012(3):38-42Zhu T,Lin X B.Glyphworks features introduction[J].CAD/CAM and Manufacturing Information,2012(3):38-42(in Chinese)
[2]林明芳,张洪欣,杜志岐,牛国友,付嵩元,孙树兰,李彦明,张铭朴.汽车半轴疲劳寿命预测和可靠性设计[J].汽车工程,1991(4):235-242Lin M F,Zhang H X,Du Z Q,Niu G Y,Fu S Y,Sun S L,Li Y M,Zhang M P.Prediction of fatigue life and reliability design in automotive semiaxle[J].Automotive Engineering,1991(4):235-242(in Chinese)
[3]高云凯,徐成民,方剑光.车身台架疲劳试验程序载荷谱研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(4):92-98Gao Y K,Xu C M,Fang J G.Study on the programed load spectrum of the body fatigue bench test[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(4):92-98(in Chinese)
[4]朱峥涛,丁成辉,吴浪,蔡志武,曾宇华.江铃汽车驱动桥桥壳有限元分析[J].汽车工程,2007(10):896-899Zhu Z T,Ding C H,Wu L,Cai Z W,Zeng Y H.FE analysis on the drive axle housing of a Jiangling vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2007(10):896-899(in Chinese)
[5] Rodzewicz M.Determination and extrapolation of the glider load spectra[J]. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology,2008,80(5):487-496
[6] Socie D F,Pompetzki M A.Modeling variability in service loading spectrum[J]. Probabilistic Aspects of Life Predictions,ASTM STP,2004,1450(3):46-57
[7] Drebler K,Gründer B M. Hack et al.Extrapolation of rainflow matrices[J].SAE Technical Paper,1996,62(8):32-37
[8]李凡松,邬平波,曾京.基于核密度估计法的载荷历程外推研究[J].铁道学报,2017,39(7):25-31Li F S,Wu P B,Zeng J.Extrapolation of load histories based on kernel density methods[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(7):25-31(in Chinese)
[9]浦广益.ANSYS Workbench 12基础教程与实例讲解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:62-76Pu G Y. ANSYS Workbench 12 Basic Tutorials and Examples[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010:62-76(in Chinese)
[10]贾海波.轮式装载机传动系载荷谱测试与编制方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009Jia H B.Study on the test and generation methods about load spectrum of wheel loader driveline[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009(in Chinese)
[11]樊淑趁,耿麦香,许建宾.论数字信号处理中加窗的影响及窗函数的选择原则[J].山西矿业学院学报,1995(4):347-350Fan S C,Geng M X,Xu J B.Discussion on the influence of window-adding and the principle of window-function selecting in the digital signal processing[J].Shanxi Mining Institute Learned Journal,1995(4):347-350(in Chinese)
[12]张英爽,王国强,王继新,贾海波,章二平.工程车辆传动系载荷谱编制方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):179-183Zhang Y S,Wang G Q,Wang J X,Jia H B,Zhang E P.Compilation method of power train load spectrum of engineering vehicle[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(4):179-183(in Chinese)
[13]刘永臣,王国林,孙丽.车辆控制臂疲劳损伤分析与寿命预测[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):83-91Liu Y C,Wang G L,Sun L.Fatigue damage analysis and life prediction for vehicle control arm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(16):83-91(in Chinese)
[14]阎楚良.双参数疲劳载荷谱的编制[J].农业机械学报,1986,17(2):94-102Yan C L.Investigation of compilation of fatigue load spectrum bytwo-parametriccountingmethod[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1986,17(2):94-102(in Chinese)
[15]高天宇,李焕良,郑铮,邵立福,潘军军.基于雨流频次外推的ZLK50型装载机液压缸载荷谱编制[J].机械强度,2017,39(4):951-956Gao T Y,Li H L,Zheng Z,Shao L F,Pan J J.Compiling method of load spectrum of ZLK50 type loader hydraulic cylinder based on rain flow frequency extrapolation[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2017,39(4):951-956(in Chinese)
[16] Silverman B.Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1986:87-92
[17] Katz M J.Fractals and the analysis of waveforms[J].Computers in Biology and Medicine,1988,18(3):145-156
[18] Laue S,Bomas H.Spectrum fatigue life assessment of notched specimens based on the initiation and propagation of short cracks[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2006,28(9):1011-1021
[19]李福强,刘守荣,毛恩荣,杜岳峰,林玉龙,田纪云.基于功率密度的玉米收获机车架疲劳分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):34-40Li F Q,Liu S R,Mao E R,Du Y F,Lin Y L,Tian J Y.Fatigue analysis of corn harvester frame based on power density[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(10):34-40(in Chinese)
[20]朱涛,林晓斌.Glyphworks功能介绍[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2012(3):38-42Zhu T,Lin X B.Glyphworks features introduction[J].CAD/CAM and Manufacturing Information,2012(3):38-42(in Chinese)