北京市老年人社会支持网现状分析
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摘要
目的了解老年人社会支持网的现状及其网络规模的影响因素,并为老年人社会支持网构建提供建议。方法通过多阶段抽样法,对1 090位60周岁及以上北京市户籍人口进行多阶段抽样调查。结果北京市老年人情感支持网、实际支持网、赡养网和社会交往网的规模分别为3.40、3.18、3.23和3.20个。各类社会支持网关系构成中以亲属关系为主(情感支持网、实际支持网、赡养网和社交支持网中亲属关系的占比分别为97.39%,89.99%,99.40%和52.93%。多因素分析发现,情感支持网的影响因素为子女个数(t=9.737,P<0.001)、工作情况(t=4.540,P<0.001)、经济状况(t=2.127,P=0.032)和户口(t=2.013,P=0.044);实际支持网的影响因素为子女个数(t=4.164,P<0.001);赡养网的影响因素为子女个数(t=10.117,P<0.001)、年龄(t=2.382,P=0.017)和经济情况(t=-2.199,P=0.028)。结论总体而言,老年人依靠社会支持网获得的资源不足,建议加强对老年人的社会支持。
Objective The study aimed to assess the status of the social support network of the elders and the influence factors of the network scales, and give some advices to the construction of the social support network of the elders. Methods To conduct a survey among the 1090 registered elders about the social support network of the elders in Beijing by using multistage sampling. Results The scales of the emotional, practical, support-for-the-elder and social-interaction social support network were 3.40, 3.18, 3.23 and 3.20. Kinship was the main part of the social support network(the proportions of the emotional, practical, support-for-the-elders and social-interaction social support were 97.39%, 89.99%, 99.40% and 52.93%).Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the number of children(t=9.737, P<0.001), whether working or not(t=4.540, P<0.001), economic situation(t=2.127, P=0.032) and registered permanent residence(t=2.013, P=0.044) were the influence factors of emotional social support network; the number of children(t=10.117, P<0.001) was the influence factors of practical social support network;the number of children(t=10.117, P<0.001), the age(t=2.382, P=0.017), and economic situation(t=-2.199, P=0.028) were the influence factors of support-for-the-elders social support network. Conclusion On the whole, the elders did not get enough social support from social support networks and we should increase the social support to the elders.
Objective The study aimed to assess the status of the social support network of the elders and the influence factors of the network scales, and give some advices to the construction of the social support network of the elders. Methods To conduct a survey among the 1090 registered elders about the social support network of the elders in Beijing by using multistage sampling. Results The scales of the emotional, practical, support-for-the-elder and social-interaction social support network were 3.40, 3.18, 3.23 and 3.20. Kinship was the main part of the social support network(the proportions of the emotional, practical, support-for-the-elders and social-interaction social support were 97.39%, 89.99%, 99.40% and 52.93%).Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the number of children(t=9.737, P<0.001), whether working or not(t=4.540, P<0.001), economic situation(t=2.127, P=0.032) and registered permanent residence(t=2.013, P=0.044) were the influence factors of emotional social support network; the number of children(t=10.117, P<0.001) was the influence factors of practical social support network;the number of children(t=10.117, P<0.001), the age(t=2.382, P=0.017), and economic situation(t=-2.199, P=0.028) were the influence factors of support-for-the-elders social support network. Conclusion On the whole, the elders did not get enough social support from social support networks and we should increase the social support to the elders.
引文
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[11]张友琴.老年人社会支持网的城乡比较研究-厦门市个案研究[J].社会学研究,2001,(4):11-21.
[12]刘燕,纪晓岚.老年人社会网络规模及结构研究-兼论独生子女家庭的养老困境[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013,34(3):71-76.
[13]陈芳.苏北农村老年人精神赡养的社会支持网[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(14):3585-3587.
[2]董晓英.“积极老龄化”政策下的社区居家养老与社会支持网络-基于山西省长治市老年人居家养老的社会支持调查[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(S2):64-68.
[3]贺寨平.农村老年人社会支持网-个人地位、网络结构、社会支持与身心状况[D].北京:中国社会科学院研究生院,2001.
[4]郝世奇.农村残疾人的社会支持网研究-四川省峨眉山市黄湾乡个案调查[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.
[5]李树茁,杨绪松,悦中山,等.农民工社会支持网络的现状及其影响因素研究[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(1):67-76.
[6]朱文芬.老年公寓老年人生活质量与社会支持网络的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(14):3576-3578.
[7]阎红,刘书文,蒋运兰,等.老年慢性病患者社会支持网的建立及效果分析[J].重庆医学,2018,47(9):1233-1236.
[8]郭永芳.独生子女家庭养老研究综述[J].山东财经大学学报,2018,30(2):105-110, 121.
[9]钱锡红,申曙光.非正式制度安排的老年人养老保障:解析社会网络[J].改革,2011,(9):137-142.
[10]余秀兰.贫困大学生的社会支持网研究[J].高教发展与评估,2012,28(1):33-42, 118.
[11]张友琴.老年人社会支持网的城乡比较研究-厦门市个案研究[J].社会学研究,2001,(4):11-21.
[12]刘燕,纪晓岚.老年人社会网络规模及结构研究-兼论独生子女家庭的养老困境[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013,34(3):71-76.
[13]陈芳.苏北农村老年人精神赡养的社会支持网[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(14):3585-3587.